Injury incidence and characteristics for elite, male, artistic USA gymnastics competitions from 2008 to 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2019-101297
Author(s):  
David William Kruse ◽  
Andrew Seiji Nobe ◽  
John Billimek
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Type Of Injury

ObjectivesTo determine the injury incidence and characteristics for elite, male, artistic USA gymnasts during gymnastics competitions, held in the USA, from 2008 to 2018.MethodsInjury documentation performed by lead physician and certified athletic trainers at elite junior and senior USA Gymnastics competitions from 2008 to 2018 were reviewed and compiled into an excel database. Injury incidence was computed per 1000 registered gymnasts by competition setting as well as injury location, type, cause, severity, and setting.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2018, 180 injuries were reported in a total of 2102 gymnasts with injury incidence of 85.6 per 1000 gymnasts (95% CI 73.4 to 97.8). The most common injury site was at the ankle (16.7 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 10.9 to 22.4), and muscle strain/rupture/tear was the most common type of injury (28.5 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 21.2 to 35.9). The most common cause was contact with surface (56.1 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 46.1 to 66.2), and the event where most injuries were sustained was the vault (21.9 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 15.4 to 28.4). Incidence of time loss injuries was 38.5 per 1000 gymnasts (95% CI 30.1 to 47.0). Injury incidence was higher during competition (58.5 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 48.2 to 68.8) than during training (27.1 per 1000 RG, 95% CI 19.9 to 34.3; RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.94, p<0.001); injury incidence was greater at Olympic Trials (RR 3.23, 95% CI 1.24 to 8.47, p=0.017) than at National Qualifier meets. We report concussion incidence in gymnastics (5.7 per 1000 gymnasts, 95% CI 2.3 to 9.2).ConclusionsThis is the largest injury study to date for male artistic gymnasts (180 injuries, 2102 gymnasts, 11 years).

scholarly journals High Incidence of Hand Injuries From Blocking in Elite Taekwondo Despite the Use of Protective Gear: A 5-Year Descriptive Epidemiology Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712097399
Author(s):  
Markus Geßlein ◽  
Johannes Rüther ◽  
Michael Millrose ◽  
Hermann Josef Bail ◽  
Robin Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Wrist Injuries ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Protective Gear

Background: Hand and wrist injuries are a common but underestimated issue in taekwondo. Detailed data on injury risk, patterns, and mechanism are missing. Purpose: To evaluate (1) the fight time exposure-adjusted injury incidence rate (IIR) and clinical incidence and (2) injury site, type, sport-specific mechanism, and time loss in taekwondo. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Athletes from a single national Olympic taekwondo training center were investigated prospectively for hand and wrist injuries during training and competition over 5 years. The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System Version 10 was used to classify injury type, and analysis of the anatomic injury site was performed. The mechanism of injury was classified as due to either striking or blocking techniques. Results: From a total of 107 athletes, 79 athletes (73.8%) with a total exposure time of 8495 hours were included in the final data set. During the study period, 75 injuries of the hand and wrist region were recorded despite the athletes using protective hand gear. The IIR was 13.9 (95% CI, 10.5-17.5) and was significantly higher during competition. The clinical incidence as an indicator for risk of injury was 60.7% (95% CI, 50.9-70.5). Finger rays were the most affected location (68%), and fractures (43%) and joint ligament injuries (35%) were the most common type of injury. Significantly more injuries were found on the dominant hand side ( P < .001). Comparison of injury mechanisms demonstrated significantly more injuries at the finger rays deriving from blocking techniques ( P = .0104). The mean time loss for all hand and wrist injuries was 15.7 ± 13.5 days (range, 3-45 days) and was highest for distal radial fractures, with a mean of 39.7 ± 4.8 days (range, 32-45 days). Conclusion: There was a significantly higher IIR for acute hand and wrist injuries in elite taekwondo athletes during competition, which resulted in considerable time loss, especially when fractures or dislocations occurred. Significantly more injuries to the finger rays were found during blocking despite the use of protective hand gear. Improvement of tactical skills and blocking techniques during training and improved protective gear appear to be essential for injury prevention.

Injuries in Short Track Speed Skating

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Quinn ◽  
Victor Lun ◽  
John McCall ◽  
Tom Overend
Keyword(s):  
Acute Onset ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Pattern Of Injury ◽  
Speed Skating ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Type Of Injury

Background Little is known about the pattern of injury in short track speed skating. Purpose To investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries in short track speed skating. Study Design Retrospective study. Methods Ninety-five of 150 elite-level skaters (63.3%) were surveyed to collect information on training and competition load as well as on injuries sustained during the 1999—2000 competitive season. Injuries were characterized in terms of anatomic location, type of injury, time loss from training and competition, and circumstance of injury (acute onset during competition, on-ice practice, off-ice training, or insidious onset). Results Sixty-one of the 95 skaters (64.2%) reported sustaining at least one injury. The knee, ankle, spine, leg, and groin were the most commonly reported sites of injury. Skaters were also asked to list previous on-ice injuries. The two most common injuries occurring on-ice before the 1999—2000 season were lacerations from the knee down (11.1%) and ankle fractures (10.2%). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that there is a high incidence of injury in competitive short track speed skating.

scholarly journals PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF INJURIES OCCURRED DURING BRAZILIAN FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP IN 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO GONÇALVES ARLIANI ◽  
PAULO HENRIQUE SCHMIDT LARA ◽  
GABRIEL FURLAN MARGATO ◽  
DIOGO CRISTIANO NETTO ◽  
MOISÉS COHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Type Of Injury

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors for injuries that occurred during the matches of the Brazilian Football Championship. Methods: A prospective study was carried out with the collection of data referring to injuries that occurred during the 2019 Brazilian Football Championship. The injuries were recorded by the responsible physician of each team, through an online injury mapping system. Results: Among the 645 athletes who were included in the study, 214 (33.2%) of the players had at least one injury during the tournament. In total, 257 injuries were recorded during the Brazilian Championship, with an average of 0.68 injuries per game. 59.1% of the injured athletes were over 26 years old. The most common type of injury was muscle strain (37.7%) and forwards were the most affected (33.6%). Conclusion: Muscle injuries were the most frequent in the tournament, with the thigh muscles being the most affected. Most of the affected players were over 26 years old, there were 20.5 injuries for every 1000 hours of play and the incidence of injuries was approximately 33%, with attackers being the most affected (33.6%). Level of Evidence III, Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied reference “gold” standard.

scholarly journals Fit to Dance Survey: A Comparison with DanceSport Injuries

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri Riding McCabe ◽  
Jatin P Ambegaonkar ◽  
Emma Redding ◽  
Matthew Wyon
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Common Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Type Of Injury

The Fit to Dance survey has been conducted twice previously, in 1993 and 2002, without dancesport participants. The purpose of this present online survey was to supplement a comparison of dancesport against the earlier results. The current study had a greater percentage of male respondents than previous studies (43% vs 24% and 26%). The dancesport participants were older (28% at 40+ yrs vs 3% and 1%) and more likely to have normal (69% vs 57%) to overweight BMI (18% vs 2%). dancesport participants spent more time in various non-dancing conditioning activities than previous surveys (5.2 ± 3.9 hrs [SD] vs 1.9 ± 2.5 and 2.2 ± 2.7). Muscles and joints were the most common type of injury in all the surveys. The knee was the top injury site in this survey, with lower back in previous surveys. The main perceived cause of injury was repetitive movements, whereas fatigue and overwork were cited in the previous surveys. Physiotherapists were the most common type of medical professionals from whom the dancers sought treatment for their injuries in all surveys. The first survey included recommendations that the present survey results agree with, including: dancers should be physically fit, dancers should warm up and cool down, dancers should never have to work in unsuitable environments, and dancers should receive immediate high-quality treatment for injuries.

scholarly journals Sports Medicine Staffing Patterns and Incidence of Injury in Collegiate Men's Ice Hockey

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Baugh ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
Bailey L. Lanser ◽  
Tory R. Lindley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Graduate Assistant ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Patient Load ◽  
Staffing Patterns

Context The relative availability of clinicians as well as the types and training of health care providers have been associated with morbidity and mortality in non-athletic health care settings. Whether staffing variations are associated with injury incidence in collegiate athletes is unknown. Objective To evaluate whether the institutional ratio of athletes to athletic trainers (patient load) or the ratio of staff to nonstaff (graduate assistant and certified intern) athletic trainers or both is associated with the incidence of injuries sustained by male ice hockey athletes at the school. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's ice hockey teams. Patients or Other Participants Collegiate men's ice hockey athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s) The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program collected data from collegiate men's ice hockey athletes. Staffing patterns were obtained through telephone interviews. Injury counts, injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures, and injury rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared between the following groups: (1) schools with high (versus low) patient load and (2) schools with high (versus low) ratio of staff to nonstaff (graduate assistant and certified intern) athletic trainers. Results Both the patient load and relative number of staff athletic trainers were associated with variations in the incidences and types of diagnosed injuries in male ice hockey players. Specifically, fewer injuries were diagnosed by clinicians at institutions with high patient loads. The rates of injury overall and non–time-loss injuries were lower in the high patient-load group. Time-loss injury rates, severe injury rates, concussion rates, and overall rates of injury during competition were greater in the group with a higher proportion of staff athletic trainers, whereas non–time-loss injury rates were lower. Conclusions In this study of collegiate men's ice hockey players, athlete health outcomes were directly related to the number and types of clinicians available. Future researchers should evaluate whether this finding extends beyond men's ice hockey.

scholarly journals Functional and Anthropometrical Screening Test among High Performance Female Football Players: A Descriptive Study with Injury Incidence Analysis, the Basque Female Football Cohort (BFFC) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10658
Author(s):  
Marta Álvarez-Zafra ◽  
Javier Yanci ◽  
Ibai García-Tabar ◽  
Eder Bikandi ◽  
Saioa Etxaleku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Injury Burden ◽  
High Level ◽  
Incidence Analysis ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Derived Data

The main objectives of the present study were to describe the injury incidence and to analyze the anthropometric and physical characteristics of players from three high-level women’s football teams. The present study involved 54 female football players (21.9 ± 4.9 years old) from three different teams competing in the Spanish Reto Iberdrola-Segunda División PRO league. A battery of tests was carried out to determine the anthropometric and physical performance characteristics of the players along with an injury incidence record during a full competitive season. The obtained results showed that there was a high incidence of injury, as 38% of the players suffered some type of injury during the season (range 1–5; 1.75 ± 1.02 injuries per player). Injuries occurred in both matches and during training at a similar percentage (48.6 vs. 51.4%), and the majority of the registered episodes were graded as moderate or severe injury types (60%). Players suffering from an injury accumulated a total of 1587 chronological days off work due to injury during the season, with a recurrence rate of 55%. Considering the high incidence of injury, and the injury burden and the reinjure rate observed in this research, it seems necessary to apply the most efficient prevention and recovery measures possible in these female football teams. These descriptive data could serve athletic trainers and medical staff of female football teams to better understand their own screening procedure-derived data.

scholarly journals Frequency and Characteristics of Injuries and Rehabilitation Procedures in Rugby Players in Poland and France

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4835
Author(s):  
Anna Lipert ◽  
Paweł Rasmus ◽  
Michał Marczak ◽  
Remigiusz Kozłowski ◽  
Anna Jegier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
Body Location ◽  
Injury Treatment ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Rugby Players

Objectives: Rugby is sport with a high risk of injury. Repeated changes in exercise intensity and the high training intensity may cause to overuse injuries and long-term disability. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of injuries during trainings and forms of rehabilitation procedures performed after their occurrence among elite and sub-elite rugby players. Methods: The data was obtained from 60 professional rugby males from France and Poland. Data were collected using paper-based recording form. It was a specially designed questionnaire which concerned specific details of the injury, including body location, type of injury, treatment and number of days off lost from playing rugby and on forms of rehabilitation procedures performed after their occurrence among elite and sub-elite rugby players. Results: During the study period, the overall incidence rate for injury suggested a 1.04 times more often injury occurrence (IRR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.08; 2.00) among Polish players compared with French players; however, the distribution of injuries varied by country. The training injury incidence (TII) and incidence proportion (IP) were also higher in Poland than in France (p < 0.05) with the sprain as the most frequent type of injury in all rugby players. France was 7.8 times (IRR = 7.88, 95% CI: 1.29; 3.21) more likely to sustain a fracture than Poland, which much often experienced less serious injuries (bruise, rapture of muscle and ligament) (IRR = 3.02, 95% CI: 2.06; 3.98). Polish players were provided with various forms of physiotherapy while Franch players often worked with a physiotherapist with a therapeutic method (p < 0.005). Poland and France reported experiencing side effects after an injury and the most frequent was pain. In their opinions, the reasons influencing the effectiveness of rehabilitation are too quick return to the game and too short time of rehabilitation. Conclusions: The competitive level of the rugby player influences not only the frequency and type of injury occurrence, but also access to the different forms of rehabilitation. Nonetheless, the side effects occurring after injury and the causes of ineffective rehabilitation are still similar. Further studies are needed to gather significant data to accurately formulate future injury prevention protocols or recommend modifications to game laws or competition formats, aiming at players’ welfare.

scholarly journals Effect of ACTN3 R577X Genotype on Injury Epidemiology in Elite Endurance Runners

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Gabriel Baltazar-Martins ◽  
Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Jesús Oliván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Rate ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Epidemiology ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Genotype A

The p.R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) in the ACTN3 gene causes individuals with the ACTN3 XX genotype to be deficient in functional α-actinin-3. Previous investigations have found that XX athletes are more prone to suffer non-contact muscle injuries. This investigation aimed to determine the influence of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes. Using a cross-sectional experiment, the epidemiology of running-related injuries was recorded for one season in a group of 89 Spanish elite endurance runners. ACTN3 R577X genotype was obtained for each athlete using genomic DNA samples. From the study sample, 42.7% of athletes had the RR genotype, 39.3% had the RX genotype, and 18.0% had the XX genotype. A total of 96 injuries were recorded in 57 athletes. Injury incidence was higher in RR runners (3.2 injuries/1000 h of running) than in RX (2.0 injuries/1000 h) and XX (2.2 injuries/1000 h; p = 0.030) runners. RR runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the Achilles tendon, RX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the knee, and XX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the groin (p = 0.025). The ACTN3 genotype did not affect the mode of onset, the severity, or the type of injury. The ACTN3 genotype slightly affected the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes with a higher injury rate in RR athletes and differences in injury location. However, elite ACTN3 XX endurance runners were not more prone to muscle-type injuries.

scholarly journals Injury rates decreased in men’s professional football: an 18-year prospective cohort study of almost 12 000 injuries sustained during 1.8 million hours of play

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103159
Author(s):  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
Armin Spreco ◽  
Håkan Bengtsson ◽  
Roald Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Individual Player

BackgroundThe UEFA Elite Club Injury Study is the largest and longest running injury surveillance programme in football.ObjectiveTo analyse the 18-season time trends in injury rates among male professional football players.Methods3302 players comprising 49 teams (19 countries) were followed from 2000–2001 through 2018–2019. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries.ResultsA total of 11 820 time-loss injuries were recorded during 1 784 281 hours of exposure. Injury incidence fell gradually during the 18-year study period, 3% per season for both training injuries (95% CI 1% to 4% decrease, p=0.002) and match injuries (95% CI 2% to 3% decrease, p<0.001). Ligament injury incidence decreased 5% per season during training (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001) and 4% per season during match play (95% CI 3% to 6% decrease, p<0.001), while the rate of muscle injuries remained constant. The incidence of reinjuries decreased by 5% per season during both training (95% CI 2% to 8% decrease, p=0.001) and matches (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001). Squad availability increased by 0.7% per season for training sessions (95% CI 0.5% to 0.8% increase, p<0.001) and 0.2% per season for matches (95% CI 0.1% to 0.3% increase, p=0.001).ConclusionsOver 18 years: (1) injury incidence decreased in training and matches, (2) reinjury rates decreased, and (3) player availability for training and match play increased.

scholarly journals Injuries in Collegiate Track and Field Jumping: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712097339
Author(s):  
Shota Enoki ◽  
Mami Nagao ◽  
Soju Ishimatsu ◽  
Takuya Shimizu ◽  
Rieko Kuramochi
Keyword(s):  
Track And Field ◽  
Flexor Hallucis Longus ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Muscle Rupture ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Pole Vault ◽  
Type Of Injury

Background: Athletes participating in track and field jumping events (long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault) are exposed to ground-reaction forces on the takeoff leg that are several times their body weight. This can cause injuries specific to such activities. Purpose: To determine the incidence of injuries in collegiate jumpers using the guidelines set forth by a 2014 consensus statement on injury surveillance during track and field events. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A total of 51 jumpers between April 2016 and March 2017 and 54 jumpers between April 2017 and March 2018 participated in this study. All athletes were from a single college in Japan. Baseline information on athletes participating in the long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault was collected at study enrollment. Practice and competition exposures were reported by the team trainer. Injury incidence was calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). Results: A total of 147 injuries were reported among 16,998 exposures (8.65 injuries per 1000 AEs). The most common injury locations were the posterior thigh and lateral ankle (17.0%), followed by the posterior foot or toe (12.9%); the most frequent type of injury was strain/muscle rupture/tear (21.1%). The most common injury for long jumpers was ankle sprain (23.3%); for high jumpers, flexor hallucis longus tendinosis (15.8%); and for pole vaulters, hamstring strain (13.2%). Conclusion: The overall characteristics are different for each event; therefore, injuries for each event need to be investigated.

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