scholarly journals Storm runoff in the foothill headwater area Senotín

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tesař ◽  
O. Syrovátka ◽  
M. Šír ◽  
Ľ. Lichner ◽  
J. Váchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Subsurface Runoff ◽  
Maximum Retention

The purpose of the pilot project Senot&iacute;n (1993&ndash;2000) was to prove the methods of revitalization of sub-mountain headwater area (0.38 km<sup>2</sup>) in the Novobystřick&aacute; Vysočina Highland (610&ndash;725 m a. s. l.) in the Czech Republic. This area was tile-drained and ploughed in 1985. Seven underground clay shields newly constructed in 1995 stopped the function of the tile drainage. Four balks prevented the surface and subsurface runoff. These adaptations improved water retention capacity of the whole catchment, which is demonstrated using an example of runoff formation in the revitalized area. A typical storm rain (total 15 mm, duration 5.6 h, max. intensity 4 mm/20 min) and the consequent runoff was analysed, including the role of the soil in the runoff retardation and water retention. The runoff started in two hours since the rain beginning. The retention reached 98% of the rain total. The runoff lasted for 85 h. The concave-upward shape of the falling hydrograph limb indicates that the maximum retention capacity of the studied catchment is high.

scholarly journals Soil water dynamics in drained and undrained meadows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vopravil ◽  
Pavel Formánek ◽  
Jaroslava Janků ◽  
Tomáš Khel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Saturated Water Content

Tile drainage belongs to one of the most important meliorative measures in the Czech Republic. It has been hypothesised that it may improve some soil properties which are influenced by the groundwater and their water regime. In the case of meadows, the used management method may also influence the soil properties. In this study, different physical soil properties (particle and bulk density, total soil porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, water retention capacity and saturated water content, volumetric water content and matric potential) at depths of 15, 35 or 40 and 60 cm in differently managed meadows (drained versus undrained) located near the village of Železná in the Czech Republic (mildly cold, humid climatic region) were investigated. The drained meadow is used mainly for grazing (extensively) and the undrained meadow is mown twice a year. In addition, the actual evapotranspiration was estimated for the 2018 vegetation season. The selected physical soil properties were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) different between the experimental meadows, especially at depths of 0–28 versus 0–35 cm (particle and bulk density, total soil porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, water retention capacity and saturated water content) and 28–49 versus 35–45 cm (particle density, water retention capacity and saturated water content). In the case of all the studied soil depths, the volumetric water content and matric potential were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) different between the experimental meadows in the years 2016–2019. The actual evapotranspiration was also significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) between the meadows. The obtained differences in the measured soil properties and estimated actual evapotranspiration were probably influenced by the used tile drainage and also by the type of management of the meadow. It is necessary to obtain more research findings with respect to different types of management in the case of drained meadows and also undrained meadows to understand the role of both treatments (tile drainage, management).

Climate change and landslides: introducing a thermo-hydro-mechanical approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianvito Scaringi
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Mechanical Approach ◽  
Parametric Analyses

&lt;p&gt;Global warming will alter the frequency and patterns of landslides, increasing the risk to populations, infrastructures, and ecosystems in many regions of the world. Scientists draw this prediction mainly from expected changes in precipitation, ice covers, sea level, and land uses. The direct role of soil temperature is usually neglected, even though changes in patterns of temperature &amp;#8211; propagating from the surface to depths of several metres &amp;#8211; can alter the strength, permeability, water retention capacity, and other properties of various soils. This has been demonstrated, for instance, for active clays subjected to heating while addressing specific engineering problems, such as the long-term storage of radioactive waste in deep geological repositories.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In an ongoing project, we attempt to apply an advanced thermo-hydro-mechanical soil model &amp;#8211; based on the theory of hypoplasticity and accounting for various coupled behaviours &amp;#8211; to perform slope stability analyses in clayey soils. By this model, we can reproduce complex hydro-mechanical responses caused by changes of temperature, including effects on water pressures, water retention, and swelling or shrinkage. We plan to carry out short- and long-term parametric analyses under climate scenarios, to compare the direct role of temperature with that of other types of forcing (such as changes in precipitation). This way, we expect to quantify how local warming or cooling and altered patterns of temperature can control some types of landslides, and consequently affect current landslide hazard and risk assessments. Ultimately, we plan to conceptualise an upscaled model, so as to work towards physically-based regional assessments through a thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled approach.&lt;/p&gt;

Prague, the Victorious May of 1945

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
S. V. Kudryashov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
German Army ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Group Center

The article deals with complex and controversial issues related to the uprising and liberation of Prague in May 1945. Interpretation of the events became acute and caused lively discussions in connection with the demolition of the monument to Marshal I. V. Konev on April 3, 2020 by the order of the local municipality. The Czech Republic is also discussing the idea of «perpetuating the role of other liberators» of the capital – soldiers of the ROA division, which for two days (May 6-7) provided assistance to the rebels. Using new documents from the Central archive of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation, the author draws a conclusion about the limited influence of the Vlasov units. They, indeed, brought confusion to the German ranks, but early in the morning of May 8, they themselves left Prague on a rapid march. After that, fighting and negotiations between the rebels and the German command continued. The article emphasizes that the main goal of the Soviet military operation from 6 to 11 May 1945 was the defeat of the German Army Group Center. The liberation of Prague was only part of a powerful offensive by three Soviet fronts. Heavy battles for Prague did not happen, but the entry of Soviet tanks into the Czech capital and the subsequent jubilation of local residents became a symbol of the end of the war in Europe. The author concludes that the demolition of monuments to Soviet soldiers and commanders is a manifestation of internal political struggle in the countries where it occurs, and the Czech Republic is only one of these examples.

scholarly journals NGO–Public Administration Relationships in Tackling the Homelessness Problem in the Czech Republic and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Monika Sidor ◽  
Dina Abdelhafez
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
The Czech Republic

Recently, the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Poland and the Czech Republic has increased, which has translated into a growing tendency to change the procedures for social assistance provision. However, the relationships between public administration and non-governmental organisations differ in both countries. The Najam Four-C’s Model is used in this paper to describe how NGOs and public administration approach the problem of homelessness in the Czech Republic and Poland. To explore this issue, the authors conducted interviews with public servants and NGOs’ mangers in both countries. The findings show that, as far as homelessness is concerned, NGOs and state authorities function on the basis of complementarity in Poland as well as in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Dietary Fibre Concentrates from Winemaking By-Products: Skins, Stems and Lees

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Rivas ◽  
Rocío Casquete ◽  
María de Guía Córdoba ◽  
Santiago Ruíz-Moyano ◽  
María José Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Oil Retention ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
By Products

The objective of this study was to evaluate, from a technological and nutritional point of view, the chemical composition and functional properties of the industrial winemaking by-products, namely skins, stems and lees. The chemical and physical characteristics, as well as the functional properties (fat and water retention and swelling capacity, antioxidant capacity, and their prebiotic effect), of the dietary fibre of these by-products were studied. The results showed that the skins, stems, and lees are rich in fibre, with the stem fibre containing the highest amounts of non-extractable polyphenols attached to polysaccharides with high antioxidant activity and prebiotic effect. Lee fibre had the highest water retention capacity and oil retention capacity. The results reveal that winemaking by-products could be used as a source of dietary fibre with functional characteristics for food applications.

Host preferences of low-trunk vascular epiphytes in a cloud forest of Veracruz, Mexico

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Mehltreter ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽  
José G. García-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Host Group ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Epiphyte Species

The diversity, abundance and frequency of vascular epiphytes on the lower trunk were compared between two host groups of a Mexican cloud forest: angiosperm trees (n = 72) and tree ferns (n = 28). The bark of the five most frequent host trees and the root mantle of the two tree ferns were analysed for their thickness, water content, water retention capacity and pH. A total of 55 epiphyte species and 910 individuals were found on the 27 host species. On hosts with a dbh range of 5–10 cm, epiphytes were significantly more diverse (4.3±0.9 species per host) and more abundant (12.5±2.2 individuals per host) on tree ferns than on angiosperm trees (1.9±0.2 species per host and 3.9±0.6 individuals per host). However, these differences were not significant for the dbh class of 10–20 cm, because epiphyte numbers increased on angiosperm trees with larger host size, but not in tree ferns. Most epiphyte species had no preference for any host group, but four species were significantly more frequent on tree ferns and two species on angiosperm trees. The higher epiphyte diversity and abundance on tree fern trunks of the smallest dbh class is attributed to their presumably greater age and to two stem characteristics, which differed significantly between host groups, the thicker root mantle and higher water retention capacity of tree ferns. These bark characteristics may favour germination and establishment of epiphytes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document