scholarly journals Evaluation of a poly(lactic-acid) scaffold filled with poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite nanofibres for reconstruction of a segmental bone defect in a canine model

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 531-538
Author(s):  
JW Yun ◽  
SY Heo ◽  
MH Lee ◽  
HB Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Critical-sized bone defects are a difficult problem in both human and veterinary medicine. To address this issue, synthetic graft materials have been garnering attention. Abundant in vitro studies have proven the possibilities of poly(lactic-acid) (PLA) scaffolds and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HAp) nanofibres for treating bone defects. The present study aimed at conducting an in vivo assessment of the biological performance of a three dimensional (3D)-printed PLA scaffold filled with a PLGA/HAp nanofibrous scaffold to estimate its potential applications in bone defect reconstruction surgery. Defects were created in a 20 mm-long region of the radius bone. The defects created on the right side in six Beagle dogs (n = 6) were left untreated (Group 1). The defects on the left side (n = 6) were filled with 3D-printed PLA scaffolds incorporated with PLGA/Hap nanofibres with gelatine (Group 2). The other six Beagle dog defects were made bilaterally (n = 12) and filled with the same material as that used in Group 2 along with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) (Group 3). Both the radiological and histological examinations were performed for observing the reaction of the scaffold and the bone. Micro-computed tomography (CT) was utilised for the evaluation of the bone parameters 20 weeks after the experiment. The radiological and histological results revealed that the scaffold was biodegradable and was replaced by new bone tissue. The micro-CT revealed that the bone parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in Group 3. Based on these results, our study serves as a foundation for future studies on bone defect treatment using synthetic polymeric scaffolds.

3D-printed Poly-Lactic Co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) scaffolds in non-critical bone defects impede bone regeneration in rabbit tibia bone

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jin Xi Lim ◽  
Min He ◽  
Alphonsus Khin Sze Chong
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Rabbit Tibia ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Critical Bone Defects

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of bone graft materials are commercially available and vary in their composition, mechanism of action, costs, and indications. OBJECTIVE: A commercially available PLGA scaffold produced using 3D printing technology has been used to promote the preservation of the alveolar socket after tooth extraction. We examined its influence on bone regeneration in long bones of New Zealand White rabbits. METHODS: 5.0-mm-diameter circular defects were created on the tibia bones of eight rabbits. Two groups were studied: (1) control group, in which the bone defects were left empty; (2) scaffold group, in which the PLGA scaffolds were implanted into the bone defect. Radiography was performed every two weeks postoperatively. After sacrifice, bone specimens were isolated and examined by micro-computed tomography and histology. RESULTS: Scaffolds were not degraded by eight weeks after surgery. Micro-computed tomography and histology showed that in the region of bone defects that was occupied by scaffolds, bone regeneration was compromised and the total bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) was significantly lower. CONCLUSION: The implantation of this scaffold impedes bone regeneration in a non-critical bone defect. Implantation of bone scaffolds, if unnecessary, lead to a slower rate of fracture healing.

Development of three-dimensional printing filaments based on poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composites with potential for tissue engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832098856
Author(s):  
Marcela Piassi Bernardo ◽  
Bruna Cristina Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Luiz Henrique Capparelli Mattoso
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Injured bone tissues can be healed with scaffolds, which could be manufactured using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) strategy. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most biocompatible polymers suitable for FDM, while hydroxyapatite (HA) could improve the bioactivity of scaffold due to its chemical composition. Therefore, the combination of PLA/HA can create composite filaments adequate for FDM and with high osteoconductive and osteointegration potentials. In this work, we proposed a different approache to improve the potential bioactivity of 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering by increasing the HA loading (20-30%) in the PLA composite filaments. Two routes were investigated regarding the use of solvents in the filament production. To assess the suitability of the FDM-3D printing process, and the influence of the HA content on the polymer matrix, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The HA phase content of the composite filaments agreed with the initial composite proportions. The wettability of the 3D printed scaffolds was also increased. It was shown a greener route for obtaining composite filaments that generate scaffolds with properties similar to those obtained by the solvent casting, with high HA content and great potential to be used as a bone graft.

scholarly journals Effects of Rice Straw Powder (RSP) Size and Pretreatment on Properties of FDM 3D-Printed RSP/Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3234
Author(s):  
Wangwang Yu ◽  
Lili Dong ◽  
Wen Lei ◽  
Yuhan Zhou ◽  
Yongzhe Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
3D Printed

To develop a new kind of environment-friendly composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, rice straw powder (RSP)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were FDM-3D-printed, and the effects of the particle size and pretreatment of RSP on the properties of RSP/PLA biocomposites were investigated. The results indicated that the 120-mesh RSP/PLA biocomposites (named 120#RSP/PLA) showed better performance than RSP/PLA biocomposites prepared with other RSP sizes. Infrared results showed that pretreatment of RSP by different methods was successful, and scanning electron microscopy indicated that composites prepared after pretreatment exhibited good interfacial compatibility due to a preferable binding force between fiber and matrix. When RSP was synergistically pretreated by alkaline and ultrasound, the composite exhibited a high tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of 58.59, 568.68, 90.32, and 3218.12 MPa, respectively, reflecting an increase of 31.19%, 16.48%, 18.75%, and 25.27%, respectively, compared with unmodified 120#RSP/PLA. Pretreatment of RSP also improved the thermal stability and hydrophobic properties, while reducing the water absorption of 120#RSP/PLA. This work is believed to provide highlights of the development of cost-effective biocomposite filaments and improvement of the properties of FDM parts.

Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Based on Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Its Application in Bone Defect Repair

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1330-1338
Author(s):  
Shibai Zhu ◽  
Xiaotian Zhang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yiou Wang ◽  
Shanni Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold ◽  
Recombinant Human Bone

The best way in which to prepare scaffolds with good biological properties is an urgent problem in the field of tissue engineering. In this paper we discuss the preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite scaffold of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and its application in bone defect repair. rhBMP-2 reagent was dissolved in 1 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and the rhBMP-2 solution was added to the nano-hydroxyapatite artificial bone with a 100 μL glass micro dropper at the rate of 10 drops/min to obtain Nano-HA/rhBMP-2 composite artificial bone. In in vivo experiments, rabbits were fixed on an operating table, a 2 cm longitudinal incision was made in the middle part of the radial forearm, and the radius was cut with a wire saw and periosteum, 2.5 cm away from the distal radius. After washing the wound with normal saline, Adv-hBMP-2/MC3T3-E1 nano-HA composite artificial bone, MC3T3-E1 nan-HA composite artificial bone, or Nano-HA artificial bone were implanted in different groups. The artificial bone scaffold prepared in this study has a stronger ability to repair bone defects than the alternatives, and is a promising prospect for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

scholarly journals Irregular bone defect repair via tissue-engineered periosteum approach in rabbit model.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Jia-Jia Yu ◽  
Cangyu Zhang ◽  
Xiuhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bone Defect Repair ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background As an alternative of bone grafts for defect repair, tissue engineering is much promising for clinical application. In previous studies, we have succeeded in repair of long bone defect with homemade tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP), of which is fabraicated by incorporating osteogenically induced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of rabbits with a scaffold of small intestinal submucosa (SIS).Methods In this study, we are aimed to discuss the feasibility of allogenic irregular bone defect repair with the TEP. Thirty-six rabbits whose scapulas were subtotally resected to establish large irregular bone defects model in allogenic rabbits. The defects were treat respectively with TEP (Group 1, n=12), allogenic deproteinized bone (DPB) (Group 2, n=12) and hybrid of TEP and DPB (Group 3, n=12). At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the implants were harvested. X-ray radiographic and histological examinations were performed.ResultsThe findings suggested that the radiographic score in TEP-DPB hybrided implantation (Group 3) was higher than TEP or DPB grafting only (p<0.05).But that was inconsistent with histological findings, which Group1 appeared to possess significantly higher bone formation than Group 2 (p<0.05) and Group3 has higher new bone volume than that of Group 2 (p<0.05).Conclusion We conclude that TEP is a promising alternative in repair of large irregular bone defect.DPB served as a 3D scaffold in combining TEP could provide mechanical support and shaping guide, but hinder new bone formation via TEP approach due to retard degradation.

scholarly journals Stress, strain and deformation of poly-lactic acid filament deposited onto polyethylene terephthalate woven fabric through 3D printing process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prisca Aude Eutionnat-Diffo ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Jinping Guan ◽  
Aurelie Cayla ◽  
Christine Campagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Although direct deposition of polymeric materials onto textiles through 3D printing is a great technique used more and more to develop smart textiles, one of the main challenges is to demonstrate equal or better mechanical resistance, durability and comfort than those of the textile substrates before deposition process. This article focuses on studying the impact of the textile properties and printing platform temperature on the tensile and deformations of non-conductive and conductive poly lactic acid (PLA) filaments deposited onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textiles through 3D printing process and optimizing them using theoretical and statistical models. The results demonstrate that the deposition process affects the tensile properties of the printed textile in comparison with the ones of the textiles. The stress and strain at rupture of the first 3D printed PLA layer deposited onto PET textile material reveal to be a combination of those of the printed layer and the PET fabric due to the lower flexibility and diffusion of the polymeric printed track through the textile fabric leading to a weak adhesion at the polymer/textile interface. Besides, printing platform temperature and textile properties influence the tensile and deformation properties of the 3D printed PLA on PET textile significantly. Both, the washing process and the incorporation of conductive fillers into the PLA do not affect the tensile properties of the extruded polymeric materials. The elastic, total and permanent deformations of the 3D-printed PLA on PET fabrics are lower than the ones of the fabric before polymer deposition which demonstrates a better dimensional stability, higher stiffness and lower flexibility of these materials.

Investigation of infill-patterns on mechanical response of 3D printed poly-lactic-acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 106557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandar Aloyaydi ◽  
Subbarayan Sivasankaran ◽  
Ammar Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
3D Printed
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