scholarly journals Voltinism of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., in Poland

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľ. Cagáň ◽  
G. Sobota ◽  
B. Gabryš ◽  
C. Kania
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maize Stalks

From 1992 to 1996 the voltinism of the European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., was investigated in Poland. During the study, over 6000 larvae were collected in maize stalks in autumn. In 1994, pupal cases were observed in stalks. This indicated the development of second generation adults of the pest. Pupal cases were not found in other years of the study. The difference between 1994 and the other years was found when the degree-days accumulation at base 10°C was calculated for the periods between July 1 and July 19 (daylight 15 hrs 58 min), or July 29 (daylight 15 hrs 32 min). These values were highest in 1994 and reached 246.5°C, or 414.0°C respectively. The results indicate that degree-days accumulation during the whole year is not responsible for the development of the second generation. It appears that high temperatures in July (not only at the beginning, but also at the end) influenced the development of the second generation of 0. nubilalis in Poland. Average July daily temperatures in 1994 were extremely high (24.5°C). Such temperatures can allow a small partial development of the second generation of O. nubilalis at a relatively cold location like Wroclaw in Poland with a standard annual mean temperature of 8.3°C.

Survival of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) After Exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Encapsulated in Flour Matrices2

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. McGuire ◽  
Robert L. Gillespie ◽  
Baruch S. Shasha
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Corn Plants

Two types of pregelatinized corn flour were used to produce granules containing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki and various additives for control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in the whorl of corn plants. Laboratory-reared larvae were applied to corn whorls in the greenhouse and field, and a high natural infestation occurred at one field site (Champaign). In the greenhouse and at all three field sites, five of these formulations were just as effective as Dipel 10G, a commercially available B. thuringiensis product, for control of European corn borer larvae. In all greenhouse studies and at one of the three field sites (Champaign), the dose of B. thuringiensis could be reduced by as much as 75% when a phagostimulant was added to flour granules without significant loss of corn borer control. The phagostimulant dose response was not observed at the other two field sites in which larval infestations were relatively low. Flour type had no significant effect on European corn borer control under greenhouse and field conditions. Greenhouse evaluations provided results significantly similar to results from two of the field sites indicating the usefulness of the technique. The data presented highlight the versatility and potential for using novel formulation techniques for enhancing the efficacy of B. thuringiensis.

USE OF STANDARD TEMPERATURE THRESHOLDS AND PHENOLOGICAL PREDICTION FOR THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (OSTRINIA NUBILALIS HÜBNER) IN ALBERTA

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas H. Kelker ◽  
Dennis A. Lee ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
The Standard Model

AbstractA degree-day model was developed for Alberta populations of Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner. Starting with overwintered fifth-instar larvae, the model calculates the temporal distribution of first- and second-instar larvae which are the stages most vulnerable to chemical suppression. Predictions from three alternative models were compared against field data from southern Alberta. Use of a standard 10°C growth threshold to calculate physiological time scales allowed predictions as accurate as those obtained using either a pooled threshold (11.4°C) calculated specifically from Alberta populations, or a model using two thresholds (12.3°C for fifth-instar larvae to adult and 10.2°C for eggs to second-instar larvae) that incorporated significant differences in growth characteristics observed among life stages. We conclude that standard thresholds are sufficient for degree-day models for northern populations of O. nubilalis. The standard model (t0 = 10°C) predicts that moth emergence will peak at ca. 145 degree-days after median pupation, and that numbers of eggs, and first- and second-instar larvae should peak at 200, 310, and 450 degree-days, respectively. Model predictions can be used to time sampling effort in support of management decisions.

A METHOD OF DETECTING OVIPOSITION IN EUROPEAN CORN BORER MOTHS, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), AND ITS RELATION TO SUBSEQUENT LARVAL DAMAGE TO PEPPERS

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Elliott ◽  
R.J. McClanahan ◽  
J. Founk
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Yellow Band ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractThe formation of a yellow band inside the stalk of each ovariole was a good indicator that a female European corn borer had laid eggs. The absence of these bands was less reliable as an indicator that no eggs had been laid, probably due to the time taken for the bands to form. The numbers of moths accumulating in a light trap over a week at Harrow, Ontario, and the numbers of females estimated to have laid eggs correlated significantly with the numbers of larvae developing in nearby green pepper plots 3, 4, and 5 weeks later during second generation flights. This enabled linear equations for forecasting pepper damage to be developed, in which the dissection data was more useful than the total moth catch alone.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Evaluation of Capsicum Accessions for Resistance to European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Frantz ◽  
Jeffrey Gardner ◽  
Michael P. Hoffmann ◽  
Molly M. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Fruit Damage

A replicated greenhouse evaluation of a range of commercial and noncommercial (Capsicum spp.) accessions for resistance to european corn borer (ECB) [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)] was conducted. Percentage of fruit damaged was observed among 29 accessions four weeks after plants were artificially infested with ECB egg masses. Small-fruited peppers generally showed lower levels of damage, while large-fruited peppers were the most susceptible. Genotypes with elongate fruit were less damaged than those with bell-shaped fruit. Resistance to fruit damage was also associated with increasing pungency level, with two notable exceptions. The pungent genotype `Large Red Thick Cayenne' was significantly more susceptible than many of the other pungent accessions tested. The relative susceptibility of this accession may be related to large fruit size. The nonpungent pepper `Corno di Toro' showed significantly lower percent fruit damage than other nonpungent peppers including `Banana Supreme' with roughly similar fruit size, ranking amidst highly pungent peppers such as `Red Scotch Bonnet'. These results confirm that resistance to ECB can be identified in nonpungent Capsicum genotypes and demonstrate that pungency is not always correlated with ECB damage. Reported sources of aphid resistance or tolerance showed good levels of ECB resistance, but interpretation of these results was confounded by the presence of pungency.

Appearance of microfungi in maize stalks due to injuries caused by the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
F. Pál-Fám ◽  
Z. Varga ◽  
S. Keszthelyi
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mitosporic Fungi ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Maize Stalks

A better understanding of the relationships between insects and microfungi could help to identify the unknown factors reducing yields in maize. As the first step in current research, the aim was to isolate the microfungal species that can be found in the larval cavity of the European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. Lepidoptera. Pyraustidae ) (ECB), one of the most important insect pests of maize. In this way, the scale of potential phytopathogens spread by intermediate hosts could be reduced.Fifty stalk sections damaged by ECB larvae were collected in autumn and fifty in spring on a 20-hectare plot in Ráksi (Somogy county). These were placed in wet chambers and incubated at room temperature under natural light. Identification was done from a pure culture inoculated into potato dextrose agar. Twenty-one species from 14 fungus genera were identified, the majority of which were mitosporic fungi. Species belonging to the Fusarium, Acremoniella and Cladosporium genera were predominant. Most of the species were saprotrophic, though some phytopathogenic species ( Gibberella, Colletotrichum, Nigrospora and Fusarium ) were also identified. The number of genera and the incidence of fungi were much higher in spring samples than in autumn ones, except for Fusarium , where incidence was lower in spring. It was found that failing to harvest the maize significantly enhanced the spread of several fungus species, especially phytopathogenic species, the following year, thereby serving as a source of infection.

EFFECTS OF A NATURAL BIVOLTINE STRAIN OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), ON GRAIN CORN YIELDS IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO, 1973–77

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 585-591
Author(s):  
W. H. Foott ◽  
P. R. Timmins
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractA 5-year study of a bivoltine strain of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), showed that first-generation moths deposited more eggs on early-planted corn, whereas second-generation moths oviposited more frequently on late-planted corn. The second generation was much larger than the first generation and caused the greater reduction in yield, regardless of whether the yields were based on physiological losses or a combination of physiological losses and dropped ears. It was shown that delay of harvest beyond the time that moisture content of the corn was sufficiently low for machine harvesting could result in severe yield losses from broken stalks and dropped ears during autumn storms.

PHENOLOGY OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (OSTRINIA NUBILALIS) IN ALBERTA

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 943-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Lee ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Pupal Mass ◽  
Colonizing Ability ◽  
Transplant Experiments

AbstractDifferences in phenology were observed between two populations of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.) in Alberta. In the South Saskatchewan River valley, borers pupated and emerged 3–6 days earlier than on the plains. This was not simply a function of different microclimates because median pupation occurred at 331 degree-days (DD) for plains populations and at 490 DD for valley populations. First-generation flight extended from the last week in June until the 1st week in August. Flight peaks in 1983 occurred on 8 July in the valley and on 14 July on the plains. Flight was delayed in 1984 by cold nightly temperatures. In 1983 valley populations had a partial second generation, with a flight peak in late August. Mean pupal mass was significantly less for plains populations than valley populations. Transplant experiments demonstrated that these differences reflected mainly environmental influences. During spring 1984, mean larval mass in the two populations did not differ until early June, when both mean wet and dry mass of valley larvae increased significantly but those of plains larvae did not change. This variability of phenotypes contributes to the colonizing ability of the European corn borer.

scholarly journals Predicting Risk of European Corn Borer Infestation in Sweet Corn Based on Harvest Date

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve M. Spangler ◽  
Dennis D. Calvin ◽  
Joe Russo ◽  
Jay Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Central Pennsylvania ◽  
Harvest Dates

Infestation of sweet corn (Zea mays) at harvest by european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) was examined in 16 hybrid/harvest date combinations from 1994 through 1996 in central Pennsylvania. Two general periods of sweet corn ear infestation levels were observed. Infestations, expressed as proportion of ears infested, were 0.11 (11%) or lower in 10 of 11 plots harvested from 21 July to 23 Aug., whereas they were noticeably higher (30%–88%) in September and early October. Infestations expressed as larvae per ear showed the same temporal pattern. A nonlinear (sigmoidal) relationship was found between degree-days from 1 Jan. and proportion of ears infested. The higher infestations were caused by the second-generation larvae of the bivoltine ecotype. Based on these relationships, a risk-prediction system is proposed that anticipates, at planting, harvest infestation by using predicted harvest dates of sweet corn, european corn borer life stages, and infestation levels. Examples are presented for multiple plantings and hybrids for a specific site and a landscape (Pennsylvania). The risk prediction system we propose will allow growers to anticipate the risk of ear infestations at planting time, thus providing predictions that would help with management decisions.

AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN SELECTED CORN GERMPLASM CLASSIFIED FOR RESISTANCE TO EUROPEAN CORN BORER1 (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. McMillian ◽  
N. W. Widstrom ◽  
Dean Barry ◽  
E. B. Lillehoj
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Insect damage and associated alfatoxin formation are serious threats to corn, Zea mays L., production in some areas of the United States. Plant resistance has been suggested as a potential control. In this study, dent corn genotypes varying in resistance to second-generation European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), damage were evaluated at two locations for insect tunneling and alfatoxin formation in kernels of preharvest ears. To insure uniform exposure, plants were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus (Link) spores applied to the ear node and silk and were infested with ECB eggs applied to either the ear node or ear tip. Corn germplasm classified as resistant to second-generation ECB damage sustained significantly less ear damage than susceptible genotypes. Corn resistant to ECB also sustained less alfatoxin formation (29 and 295 ng g−1) than susceptible germplasm (592 and 1129 ng g−1). Ear tip infestation resulted in more aflatoxin formation (523 ng g−1) than ear node infestation (372 ng g−1). Overall, insect damaged was significantly higher at Tifton, GA, (5.3 cm tunneling/ear) than at Columbia, MO. (4.2 cm tunneling/ear).

scholarly journals Prevalence rates of Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) population in the south of russia in 2013-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 00012
Author(s):  
Inna Grushevaya
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Two Generations

The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) is a dangerous corn pest – a convenient object for studying population dynamics and assessing various pest mortality factors. The mortality of European corn borer’s eggs by the natural parasite population Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) was estimated in 2013–2018 in the Gulkevichsky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Two generations of the European corn borer are developing in the Krasnodar Territory. Often pest’s first generation of is not infected with the parasite. When monitoring the abundance of the second generation, even in years with a low abundance of the European corn borer, infected phytophage eggs are found in the crops of grain corn. Infection of eggs of the second-generation European corn borer in 2013-2018 ranged from 0.26 to 69.55 eggs / m2, with an average of 37.53 eggs / m2.

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