scholarly journals To the History of the Formation of the Indian Parliamentary Committee in the British House of Commons

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Nikitin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Election Campaign ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Parliamentary Committee ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Congress ◽  
The Creation ◽  
British Committee ◽  
Indian National Congress

The aim of this article is to study the history of the formation of the Indian Parliamentary Committee (IPC) in the British House of Commons in 1893. To achieve this aim, the following objectives are envisaged: determination of reasons for establishing the IPC; analysis of the activities of the Indian National Congress and British liberals; analysis of the election campaign of Dadabhai Naoroji, which enabled him to get a seat in the House of Commons in 1892. The sources of the study are the pamphlets of the Indian National Congress members, which explain the need for Indian representatives to participate in the British Parliament; records of parliamentary hearings on the Indian issue; materials of the press describing the course of the election campaign of 1892 and the tasks of the Indian Committee in Parliament. In the course of the study, the author came to the following conclusions. The moderate branch in the Indian liberation movement considered the British Rule in India to be a progressive phenomenon in the Indian life. The defects of the British administration were due to the fact that the English people and Parliament did not understand the problems that the Indian population faced under the British Rule. The Parliamentary Committee dealing exclusively with the Indian issue could contribute to solving this problem. The main conductor of this idea in India was the National Congress, which, since its inception, began work on the formation of the IPC. In the late 1880s, an Indian political agency, which intensified attempts to organize an Indian committee in Parliament, was established in London. The interests of the Indians in the House of Commons at that time were defended by the Liberal MP Charles Bradlaugh. On the basis of the proposals of the National Congress, he prepared a bill on Indian councils, which came into force in 1892. Nevertheless, the creation of the Indian Parliamentary Committee became possible only in 1893, when Dadabhai Naoroji and William Wadderburn (founders of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress) were elected to the House of Commons as Liberal MPs. In general, the creation of the IPC was a progressive step in the development of the Indian liberation movement because the IPC gave the moderate nationalists and their British liberal supporters new tools of fighting for the rights of Indian subjects of the British Empire. The appearance of supporters of Indian reforms in Parliament was the evidence of the success of the IPC’s course of expanding political agitation in England, although it did not guarantee significant achievements in solving of the Indian question.

scholarly journals Documents on the history of the Indian National Congress from the archive of viceroy of India Minto

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Administration ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Parliamentary Committee ◽  
History Of ◽  
Significant Extension ◽  
The Subject ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Indian National Congress

The subject of this research is the documents from the archive of the viceroy of India Minto, which contain the records about the Indian National Congress. The author examines the history of studying the archive of Minto in foreign scientific literature. Special attention is given to correspondence of Minto with the Secretary of State for India Lord John Morley and their deputies that covers the period from the first Partition of Bengal (1905), split in the Indian National Congress (1907), and draft of the Morley-Minto reform, which involved the members of the Indian National Congress. The article also discusses the activity of the Indian Parliamentary Committee in the British House of Commons, and the response of the colonial authorities to hire pro-Indian parliamentarians in London. The conclusion is made that the documents on the history of the Indian National Congress from Minto’s archive reveal the peculiarities of interaction between the British colonial administration and the national elites, which was aimed at preserving the loyalty of the most moderate representatives of the Indian National Congress, as well as at weakening the national liberation movement that manifested in countering by the colonial administration the significant extension of rights of the Indian nationals and implementation of “separate electorates: within the framework of the Morley-Minto reform.  The documents from Minto’s archive reflect the perspective of the colonial administration on the path of further development of India within the empire by preserving British power.

Sinews of Panic and the Nerves of Empire: the Imagined State's Entanglement with Information Panic, India c.1880–1912

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. LAHIRI CHOUDHURY
Keyword(s):  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Political Extremism ◽  
Secret Societies ◽  
Indian Politics ◽  
Elite Politics ◽  
British Rule ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Indian National Congress

This is a narrative of events and panics in India in 1907: the fiftieth anniversary of 1857. After the East India Company's political ascendancy in 1757, the uprisings and insurrections of 1857 shook the very foundations of British rule in India. In the summer of 1907, several different strands of protest came together: the nearly all-India telegraph strike was barely over when a revolutionary terrorist network was unearthed, bringing the simmering political cauldron to the boil. The burgeoning swadeshi and boycott movement splintered, partly through the experience of Government repression, into political extremism within the Indian National Congress and revolutionary terrorism via secret societies. The growing radicalism within nationalist politics culminated in the split of the Congress at the meeting at Surat in 1907. Through this process the Indian National Congress changed from its constitutional and elite politics of reform into a more popular and mass-oriented organization. Though much has been written about this period of Indian politics, this paper delineates the larger international technological and informational entanglement through a case study of India, and in particular, Bengal.

KNIGHTS, NOT PAWNS: ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND REGIONAL DYNAMICS IN POST-COLONIAL BALOCHISTAN

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Titus ◽  
Nina Swidler
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
North West Frontier Province ◽  
National Congress ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Indian National Congress

The creation of Pakistan was a crushing blow to those hoping to establish autonomous, ethnically defined states in the western borderlands of the Indian empire. The best known of these movements, the Red Shirts (Khudai Khidmatgar), was active in the North-West Frontier Province since the 1920s and moved from affiliation with the Indian National Congress to advocating sovereignty and ultimately an independent Pushtun state when faced with the inevitability of Partition.1 Similar Pushtun and Balochi movements arose in the last decades of the Raj in the areas that now constitute the Pakistani province of Balochistan. In the pivotal years of 1947 and 1948, the Muslim League was able to outmaneuver and suppress these ambitious young movements, but they did not die. In subsequent decades, Balochi and Pushtun nationalism became key elements in the political discourse and the equation of power in Balochistan, and they remain so today.

The Hindu Mahasabha and the Indian National Congress, 1915 to 1926

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Indian Nationalism ◽  
General Elections ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Congress ◽  
United Front ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indian National Congress

In 1926, when it contested the general elections to the Imperial and Provincial Legislatures for the first time, the Indian National Congress was embroiled in a protracted struggle between rival factions for control of the Congress organisation. Electoral rivalries exacerbated existing factionalism and highlighted the often contradictory aims, methods and interests pursued by competing groups within the loose framework of the nationalist movement. If the non-cooperation campaign of 1920–21 had witnessed a national awakening and initiated a more aggressive phase in the history of Indian nationalism, the unity imposed upon the Congress proved fragile and temporary. The curious alliance of forces which had adhered to the Congress in the more confident days of the movement and which were mixed so promiscuously with the survivors of the old Congress, exposed the organisation and its leadership to greater strain in sustaining the united front once the impulse of the agitation had subsided and provincial, regional and sectarian forces began to re-assert themselves with a vengeance. The price of a tenuous unity in 1920 was increased competition and disruption within the Congress throughout the decade; a whirlpool of differences which, to many contemporaries in the thick of events, threatened to overwhelm it.

THE EVENTS IN 1950 IN EAST PAKISTAN AND VALLABHBHAI PATEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Maria Sergeyevna CHERESHNEVA
Keyword(s):  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
The People ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru ◽  
Indian National Congress

We characterize the emergence, beginning and end of the crisis in East Pakistan in 1950 and India’s reaction to the events on its North-Eastern borders. The central figure of the study is the Minister of Home Affairs and at the same time the Minister of States of India Vallabhbhai Patel – a politician of India, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi and a friend of Jawaharlal Nehru, an indisputable authority in the ruling Indian National Congress, which for all that is very poorly studied in domestic science. Complex personality, the informal leader of India and Congress, he remained on the second place only at the behest of M. Gandhi. A devoted servant of the people, a native of a peasant family, who later became a brilliant lawyer and politician, V. Patel has repeatedly saved India at the crucial moments in history. The study is based on the Indian sources and continues our series of publications on the role and place of V. Patel in the history of independent India.

Circus Workers and Trade Unions

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-242
Author(s):  
Nisha P R
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Indian National Congress

Circus has always figured in the common sense as a place of extreme exploitation with dangerous working conditions, wretched living conditions, miserable wages, irregular working hours, physical and mental harassments, and insecure employment and life. But, strangely, if we look at the history of trade unions in India we would hardly find a circus workers’ union. This chapter talks about the Akhil Bharat Circus Karmachari Sangh organized under the Communist Party in late 1960s, which succeeded to an extent to establish a workers’ circus—owned, worked, and managed by the workers. The chapter also discusses the emergence of the only existing circus workers’ union in India now, the Indian Circus Employees Union, under the tutelage of Indian National Congress.

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