IMPACT OF ANTHROPOGENIC EVOLUTION ON POTENTIAL FERTILITY OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM IN THE STONE STEPPE

The purpose of the research was to determine the material, energy and other indicators for the cul-tivation of crops of the crop rotation link using fertilizers, pesticides and effective growth stimu-lators for different-depth basic soil treatment. It was found that the crops of the grain-tillage rota-tion link, which were cultivated by plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm (control), surface treatment to a depth of 6-8 cm and zero (chemical) treatment significantly changed their productivity, and also formed various production, and therefore energy costs. The yield of oilseed flax was 1.70 t / ha, winter wheat-6.23 t / ha, mogar grain of crop sowing-0.49 t / ha, mogar hay-1.74 t / ha, peas-3.86 t/ha. The yield of these crops obtained using the no-till technology was, respectively, at 12- 3- 0 – 4 the percentage is lower than in the control. The largest net income (64090 rubles / ha), the amount of additional energy (220998 Mj) and the energy efficiency coefficient (3.5) were formed during surface tillage for crops of the crop rotation link, including due to the mogar of crop sow-ing, respectively 3370 rubles/ha and 243208 Mj. Cultivation of 4 field crops in 3 agricultural years significantly increases the economic and bioenergetic efficiency of production and can be applied in other regions.

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THE INFLUENCE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF THE MAIN PROCESSING OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM ON THE HUMIDITY, DENSITY OF SOIL COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF OILSEED FLAX IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

Agro-industrial technologies of the Central Russia ◽

10.24888/2541-7835-2021-20-67-73 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (21) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

S.N. Osaulenko ◽

◽

V.S. Polous ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Central Zone ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Net Income ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Soil Composition ◽

Average Yield ◽

Methods And Techniques ◽

Optimal Values ◽

Complex Influence

The aim of the research was to study the complex influence of methods and techniques of the main processing of ordinary chernozem, its agrophysical indicators on the yield of oilseed flax. It was found that surface (6-8 cm) and zero tillage did not significantly affect the dynamics of soil moisture in comparison with plowing at 22-24 cm (control). In the spring of productive moisture in the layer of 0-100 cm accumulated 151,5-150-152, mm, respectively. During the growing sea-son of the crop, its number decreased to 60 mm. The density of soil addition on plots without me-chanical treatment before sowing oilseed flax in a layer of 0-10 cm was 1.03 g / cm3, which was 0.01 g/cm3 higher than the variant with surface treatment and 0.04 g/cm3 higher than the control. In the horizon of 20-30 cm, the indicators increased to 1.15 g / cm3 for plowing and 1.23 g/cm3 for zero processing. Before harvesting flax in this horizon, the density of the soil composition cor-responded to the values of 1.27-1.30 g / cm3 and did not significantly exceed the optimal values. Optimal agrophysical values of the soil, as well as the use of fertilizers, pesticides and growth stimulators, provided an average yield of oilseed flax in 2014-2016: 1.75 t/ha at surface and 1.70 t/ha at zero tillage. In relation to the control, this was less by 3% and 6%, respectively. For ener-gy-saving treatments, the conditional net income was 18.3 thousand rubles/ha, and the profitabil-ity was 70%.

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NFLUENCE OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF BASIC PROCESSING ON SOIL MOISTURE, DENSITY OF ADDITION AND YIELD OF PEAS

Agro-industrial technologies of the Central Russia ◽

10.24888/2541-7835-2021-20-74-80 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (21) ◽

pp. 74-80

Author(s):

S.N. Osaulenko ◽

◽

V.S. Polous ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Net Income ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Average Yield ◽

Methods And Techniques ◽

Direct Sowing

Seed peas were sown in 2016-2018 after plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm, as well as with surface (6-8 cm) and zero tillage with the introduction of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N6P26 for the predecessor of mogar (crop sowing). The productive moisture in the 0-100 cm layer before sowing was 167.2 mm when plowing to a depth of 22-24 cm and 158.4 mm-without mechanical tillage. Its content was determined by 18% of the precipitation for November-February and by 2% - the depth of the main tillage. Before harvesting, 64.1 mm of available moisture was preserved on the plowed plots. The density of addition of ordinary chernozem in a layer of 0-30 cm with zero treatment before sowing was 1.15 g / cm3, before harvesting-1.18 g/cm3. This exceeded the con-trol version by 0.07 g/cm3 and 0.03 g/cm3, respectively. The average yield of peas in 2016-2017 was 3.79 t / ha for plowing, 3.71 t / ha for surface treatment (by 6-8 cm), 3.61 t / ha with direct sowing technology, providing a conditional net income 12,9-13,7-14,0 thousand rubles / ha, re-spectively.

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Influence of Pollution by Antibiotics on Biological Properties of Soils (Through the Example of Ordinary Chernozem)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-183643/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuliya Akimenko

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Polyphenol Oxidase ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Biological Parameters

Abstract In model laboratory and field conditions, the influence of pollution by antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, pharmasin, tromexin, aliseryl, and nystatin) on the biological properties of ordinary chernozem was examined in concentrations of 1-1000 mg/kg. A decrease in the majority of the basic biological parameters of chernozem occurs when the concentration of antibiotics is 100 mg/kg of soil. In most cases, there was a direct relationship between the content of antibiotics in the soil and the scale of a decrease in the studied parameters. The degree of the influence of antibiotics was determined by their nature, concentration and time of exposure. Antibacterial antibiotics had more negative impact on the studied indicators than fungicidal ones. By the degree of inhibiting the biological properties of chernozem, antibiotics formed the following sequence: ampicillin > benzylpenicillin ≥ streptomycin ≥ oxytetracycline > tylosin ≥ pharmasin > nystatin > tromexin > aliseryl. Among the examined biological parameters when polluted by antibiotics, the most informative one was the number of ammonifying bacteria and the activity of dehydrogenases. The least informative was the indicator of catalase activity. The abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter in case of pollution by antibiotics was not informative. The degree of a decrease in biological indicators was more pronounced in laboratory conditions than in the field ones. The rate of the biological activity recovery of chernozem after pollution in the field was 2 times higher. According to the degree of resistance to antibiotics, the investigated microorganisms of chernozem formed the following sequence: bacteria of the genus Azotobacter > micromycetes > amylolytic bacteria > ammonifying bacteria. Enzymes formed the following sequence: peroxidase ≥ polyphenol oxidase > catalase > dehydrogenase > invertase ≥ phosphatase. Antibiotics had prolonged influence on the biological properties of ordinary chernozem. The examined parameters were observed not to be recovered to control values even on the 120th day after the pollution.

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MICROMORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE STABILITY OF CHERNOZEMS UNDER IRRIGATION

Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin ◽

10.19047/0136-1694-2014-76-52-73 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 52-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. V. Tursina

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Ionic Composition ◽

Soil Porosity ◽

Long Period ◽

The Stability ◽

Anthropogenic Evolution

Chernozems under irrigation for a long period of time have been studied using the micromorphological methods. The soil porosity, the amount of microaggregates, biogeneity, humus microforms and the presence or formation of optically oriented clay were taken as the basic indices for estimating the stability of chernozems to irrigation during 30-50 years. The different ionic composition of the irrigation water serves as evidence of varying anthropogenic evolution of chernozems.

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