RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT OF IMPURITY WITH POLYATOMIC ACID RESIDUAL ON THE ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY OF ICE IN FROZEN DISPERSE MEDIUM

In this study, a combination of a two-step sintering and a particle size gradation technique was used to prepare cermet samples. We focused on the impact of the AlF3 additive on the performance of the cermet. We found that the addition of AlF3 doesnt significantly improve the density and porosity of Ag-NiFe2O4, since the addition of the AlF3 did not reduce the particle size, nor did it promote the tight packing of NiFe2O4 in a spinel-based cermet. However, we did observe a significant enhancement in its conductivity. The sample with 3% additive has the highest conductivity at 22.53S·cm-1 at 900°C, nearly 3.8 times better than the pure sample. An Analysis of the cermet microstructure showed that adding AlF3 can improve wetting between the ceramic phase and the silver metallic phase. It also facilitates the distribution of silver along the contour of the ceramic particles, which contributes to the improved conductivity of the nickel-based cermet.

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High Resolution Monitoring of Seawater Intrusion in a Multi-Aquifer System-Implementation of a New Downhole Geophysical Tool

Water ◽

10.3390/w11091877 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1877 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tal ◽

Weinstein ◽

Baïsset ◽

Golan ◽

Yechieli

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Electric Conductivity ◽

Seawater Intrusion ◽

Saline Water ◽

Near Field ◽

Aquifer System ◽

Monitoring Wells ◽

New Device ◽

Subsurface Monitoring ◽

The Impact

Monitoring of seawater intrusion is extremely important for the management of coastal aquifers, and therefore requires reliable and high-frequency monitoring tools. This paper describes the use of a new near field and downhole geophysical tool that monitors seawater intrusion in boreholes with high vertical resolution. This sensor is further used to study the impact of pumping on water electrical conductivity profiles (ECP) at the fresh-saline water interface. The new device was installed in a confined calcareous sandstone aquifer along the northern Israeli coast. The site includes two monitoring wells and one pumping well located at distances of 50, 75 and 125 m from shoreline, respectively. The new geophysical tool, called the subsurface monitoring device (SMD), was examined and compared to water an electric conductivity profiler (ECP) and a conductivity temperature depth (CTD) driver’s data. All methods show similar salinity trends, and changes in pumping regime were clearly identified with both the SMD and CTD. The advantage of using the SMD tool is the high temporal and spatial resolution measurement, which is transferred via internet and can be analyzed and interpreted in real time. Another advantage of the SMD is that it measures the electrical resistivity of the aquifer mostly outside the well, while both water ECP and the CTD measure in-well electrical conductivity; therefore, are subjected to the artefact of vertical flow in the well. Accordingly, while the CTD shows an immediate and sharp response when pumping is stopped, the SMD provides a gradual electric conductivity (EC) change, demonstrating that stability is reached just after a few days, which illustrates, more precisely, the hydrological response of the aquifer.

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Ultrasonic effect on pH, electric conductivity, and tissue surface of button mushrooms, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower.

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/757-cjfs ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 90-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

A.R Jambrak ◽

T.J. Mason ◽

L. Paniwnyk ◽

V. Lelas

Keyword(s):

Electric Conductivity ◽

Potential Method ◽

Surrounding Water ◽

Ultrasonic Probe ◽

Brussels Sprouts ◽

Tissue Surface ◽

Before And After ◽

Button Mushrooms ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

The Impact

The aim of this work was to use ultrasound pre-treatment as a potential method prior to the subsequent processing in the food industry, for button mushrooms, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower in order to observe the impact of ultrasound on the vegetable surrounding media properties in the processing conditions. The samples treated with 20 kHz probe and 40 kHz bath for 3 and 10 min were compared with blanched (80°C/3 min) and untreated samples. The effect was followed of ultrasound and blanching treatments on pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature changes. The effect of ultrasound on the sample tissue surface was also studied. The pH decreased after the ultrasound treatment with the probe, the largest change having been observed after using a 20 kHz probe for 10 min in all samples as compared with the blanching treatment, whereas it increased in mushroom and cauliflower and decreased in Brussels sprouts. Electric conductivity of the surrounding water before and after the ultrasound and blanching treatments of vegetables increased with all the treatments suggesting the loss of electrolyte. The highest increase was observed with the blanching treatment in all samples, followed by the treatments using an ultrasonic bath (10 min > 3 min) and an ultrasonic probe (3 min > 10 min). The temperature increase in the surrounding water during the ultrasonic treatments was by 1°C using the bath, and by 25&des;C using the probe. Staining of cauliflower and button mushroom tissues surfaces carried out for the damage determination showed that cavitation damage (blue spots) was present after the ultrasonical treatment with 20 kHz probe for 3 min, followed by 20 kHz probe for 10 min, while very little cavitational damage occurred after sonication with 40 kHz bath for 3 and 10 min. In Brussels sprouts, the results showed cavitation after sonication with 20 kHz probe for 3 min, followed by 20 kHz probe for 10 min, but no cavitation was present after sonication with 40 kHz bath.

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A numerical study on the effect of conductivity change in cell kill distribution in irreversible electroporation

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering ◽

10.2478/pjmpe-2020-0008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

Amir Khorasani

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Electric Field ◽

Electric Conductivity ◽

Field Intensity ◽

Electric Field Intensity ◽

Irreversible Electroporation ◽

Conductivity Change ◽

Death Probability ◽

Cell Kill ◽

The Impact

AbstractIntroduction: irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a tissue ablation technique and physical process used to kill the undesirable cells. In the IRE process by mathematical modelling we can calculate the cell kill probability and distribution inside the tissue. The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of electric conductivity change in the IRE process into the cell kill probability and distribution.Methods: cell death probability and electric conductivity were calculated with COMSOL Multiphysics software package. 8 pulses with a frequency of 1 Hz, pulse width of 100 µs and electric field intensity from 1000 to 3000 V/Cm with steps of 500 V/Cm used as electric pulses.Results: significantly, the electrical conductivity of tissue will increase during the time of pulse delivery. According to our results, electrical conductivity increased with an electric field intensity of pulses. By considering the effect of conductivity change on cell kill probability, the cell kill probability and distribution will change.Conclusion: we believe that considering the impact of electric conductivity change on the cell kill probability will improve the accuracy of treatment outcome in the clinic for treatment with IRE.

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Dynamic Release of Solutes from Roof Bitumen Sheets Used for Rainwater Harvesting

Water ◽

10.3390/w13243496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 3496

Author(s):

Uri Nachshon ◽

Meni Ben-Hur ◽

Daniel Kurtzman ◽

Roee Katzir ◽

Lior Netzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Conductivity ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Urban Environments ◽

First Flush ◽

Degradation Processes ◽

Harvesting Systems ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Inorganic Solutes ◽

The Impact

Bitumen waterproof sheets are widely used to seal building roofs. Previous works have focused on the mechanical-physical properties of bitumen sheets, as well as their aging and degradation processes, and their impact on sealing properties of the buildings. Due to a growing need over recent years to use rooftops in urban environments for rainwater harvesting purposes, it is highly important to better characterize the quality of the harvested water from the bitumen covered roofs, and to shed more light on the impact of bitumen degradation processes on the release of various components to the harvested roof water. In the present study, the extracted organic and inorganic solutes from bitumen-covered roofs by water flow on the bitumen sheets were examined through a series of experiments, including measurements from the roofs of buildings in the center of Israel during the winter of 2019–2020. The results indicated high levels of organic and inorganic solute loads in the roof water during the first flush of the first rain of the winter, with maximal electric conductivity readings at the order of 4 dS/m. However, it was shown that following the first flush, a ~20 mm of cumulative rainfall was sufficient to wash off all the summers’ accumulated solutes from the roof. After this solute flushing of the roof, harvested rainwater along the winter was of good quality, with electric conductivity readings in the range of 0.04–0.85 dS/m. Moreover, it was shown that bitumen sheets which were exposed to direct sun radiation emitted greater loads of solutes, likely a result of elevated aging and degradation processes. The findings of the present research point to the need to find efficient ways to isolate roof bitumen sheets from direct sun radiation and to design rainwater harvesting systems that will not collect the water drained from the first flush.

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Research on the Impact of Different VG on Electrokinetic Removal of Heavy Metal Wastes

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1099 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71-78 ◽

pp. 1099-1103

Author(s):

Jin Liu ◽

Dong Wei Li ◽

Zhong Hui Xu

Keyword(s):

Electric Conductivity ◽

Electroosmotic Flow ◽

Reaction Rate ◽

Voltage Drop ◽

Ph Value ◽

Electrolyte Solutions ◽

Voltage Gradient ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Removal Technology ◽

The Impact

This paper aims to investigate the effects of different VG (voltage gradient) on electrokinetic removal technology, and examine electrode pH, electric conductivity, voltage drop in the sample, electric current, and the electroosmotic flow. It is indicated that with the increase of VG, the electrolytic reaction rate accelerates during the electric removal experiment, which has affected both system current and the pH value & electric conductivity of electrolyte solutions. The higher VG is, the faster the electrolyte solution pH varies；the higher VG is, the faster the electric conductivity changes. Meanwhile the magnitude of electroosmotic flow increases with the increase of the VG.

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Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178404 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 415-418

Author(s):

K. P. Stanyukovich ◽

V. A. Bronshten

Keyword(s):

Explosive Charge ◽

The Moon ◽

Meteorite Impacts ◽

The Earth ◽

Lunar Craters ◽

The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

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The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178222 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 169-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. Green

Keyword(s):

Lunar Surface ◽

Probable Mechanism ◽

Point Of View ◽

Lunar Exploration ◽

Geological Model ◽

Apply Geophysics ◽

Surface Features ◽

The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100014718 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duncan Steel

Keyword(s):

Probability Distributions ◽

Regions Of Interest ◽

Significant Fraction ◽

Organic Chemicals ◽

Impact Speed ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

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