scholarly journals Improving the Design of the Device for Galvanic Coating of Small Parts of Ferrous Metals in Bulk

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-482
Author(s):  
V. A. Nemtinov ◽  
◽  
M. A. Matrokhin ◽  
Yu. V. Nemtinova ◽  
A. V. Krylov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Galvanic Coating ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Experimental Prototype ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Electronic Model ◽  
Small Parts

The analysis of the processes of galvanic coating of ferrous metal parts is carried out. The results of the design development of an improved installation for galvanic coating of small parts of ferrous metals in bulk are presented. The technology of galvanic coating of small parts of ferrous metals in bulk is proposed, calculations are carried out to determine the dimensions of structural elements and an electronic model of the installation is developed. On the basis of the electronic model and drawings, an experimental prototype of the installation was made that implements this process. The approbation of the installation, using the example of the production of a batch of various small parts has shown its high efficiency and prospects for use for a whole class of products made of ferrous metals.

Study of the Effect of Crude Oils on the Metallic Corrosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath K Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals

Corrosion is a severe matter regarding the most of metal using industries such as the crude oil refining. The formation of the oxides, sulfides or hydroxides on the surface of metal due to the chemical reaction between metals and surrounding is the corrosion that  highly depended on the corrosive properties of crude oil as well as the chemical composition of ferrous metals since it was expected to investigate the effect of Murban and Das blend crude oils on the rate of corrosion of seven different ferrous metals which are used in the crude oil refining industry and investigate the change in hardness of metals. The sulfur content, acidity and salt content of each crude oil were determined. A series of similar pieces of seven different types of ferrous metals were immersed in each crude oil separately and their rates of corrosion were determined by using their relative weight loss after 15, 30 and 45 days. The corroded metal surfaces were observed under the microscope. The hardness of each metal piece was tested before the immersion in crude oil and after the corrosion with the aid of Vicker’s hardness tester. The metallic concentrations of each crude oil sample were tested using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Das blend crude oil contained higher sulfur content and acidity than Murban crude oil. Carbon steel metal pieces showed the highest corrosion rates whereas the stainless steel metal pieces showed the least corrosion rates in both crude oils since that found significant Fe and Cu concentrations from some of crude oil samples. The mild steel and the Monel showed relatively intermediate corrosion rates compared to the other types of ferrous metal pieces in both crude oils. There was a slight decrease in the initial hardness of all the ferrous metal pieces due to corrosion.

Рентгенофлюоресцентный анализ металлических изделий из скального погребения Узуур-Гялана (Монгольский Алтай)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мунхбаяр Б.Ч. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Local Characteristics ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
The Comparative Study

The article describes the metalwork of the Uzuur Gyalan rock burial, popularly known online in 2016 as the «Adidas Mummy». The definitions and chemical composition of the metalware were compared with those of the time in the region. According to the results of the comparative study, the composition of the bronze mirror is very different from other bronze objects. However, bridles, saddle plaques, and ligaments are similar to the main non-ferrous metals in the region, but appear to have local characteristics. Further detailed comparative studies of the chemical composition of non-ferrous metal products in the tenth century are important steps in establishing regional cultural relations.

scholarly journals A Study on the Synergistic Change of Non-ferrous Metal Futures and Stock Prices in China—Based on the Complex System Synergy Degree

2019 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Qingxin Kong ◽  
Shangde Gou
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Futures Market ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Metal Market ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis

Based on the synergetics perspective, this paper constructs a composite system of non-ferrous metal futures and stock prices, using MATLAB to analyze the data of 3405 trading days from 2004 to 2018 in China. The empirical results show that non-ferrous metal stock prices are generally more orderly than futures prices in the selected period; the price discovery function of aluminum futures is worse than that of copper and zinc; and the 2008 financial crisis has an indelible negative impact on the coordination of China's non-ferrous metals futures market. Finally, this paper discusses whether there are representative metals in the non-ferrous metal market, and makes a brief summary.

scholarly journals The Recovery of Valuable Metals from Ocean Polymetallic Nodules Using Solid-State Metalized Reduction Technology

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Xunxiong Jiang ◽  
Shengdong Wang ◽  
Linyong Feng ◽  
Da Li
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Metallic State ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Pre Treatment

Ocean polymetallic nodules are oxide ores rich in Ni, Co, Cu, and Mn, which are valuable metals found in deep-sea mineral resources. Such non-ferrous metals do not exist in isolation, and producing concentrates using conventional mineral separation techniques is challenging without pre-treatment. We propose an effective, environmentally-friendly recovery technology combined with solid-state metalized reduction treatment and magnetic separation to recycle these metals from ocean polymetallic nodules. We conducted single-factor tests to investigate the effects of additives, anthracite dosage, duration, and reduction temperature on metal recovery and to obtain optimal operating parameters. We found that valuable metals in ocean polymetallic nodules may be selectively reduced to a metallic state. Only a fraction of Mn was reduced to metal. The reduced metals were recovered to concentrates using magnetic separation. More than 80% of these metals were concentrated to magnetic concentrates with mass ratios of 10–15%. The recovery rates of Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, and Fe in concentrates were optimum at 86.48%, 86.74%, 83.91%, 5.63%, and 91.46%, respectively, when using CaF2 4%, anthracite 7%, SiO2 dosage 5%, and FeS 6% at 1100 °C for 2.5 h. This approach to non-ferrous metal extraction using conventional hydrometallurgical processes could be a step toward practical industrial-scale techniques for the recovery of metals from polymetallic nodules.

Innovating the Recovery and Recycling of Waste-to-Energy Ferrous Metals

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Disposal Cost ◽  
Landfill Disposal

Most every one of the approximate 90 operating waste-to-energy facilities in North American have a ferrous metals recovery system to extract these metals from the ash stream before the ash is disposed as a waste. Recovery of this ferrous metal obviously reduces the significant landfill disposal cost and associated ash hauling cost for the facility by reducing the volume of materials being disposed. The volume of the ferrous metals stream typically ranges between 1.0 to 4.0 percent of the incoming waste volume. But for facilities which manage hundreds of thousands of materials per year, this relatively small stream of material in many facilities present such a nuisance that the operators at some plants have a penchant not to bother with it for the tenuous value they have received. The value received has been exposed to extreme variations and uncertainty due from the fragmented scrap metal markets, transportation costs, quality of the recovered product (or lack thereof), cost of recovery, and a number of other constraints and issues, some in the control of the facility operator and some not in the control of the operator. As a result, the attention given to this area is also very variable across facilities, even within the same parent company.

scholarly journals Baling storage method: past, present and Swedish experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
William Hogland ◽  
Marcia Marques ◽  
Velma Grover
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Swedish Experience ◽  
Rotary Drum

Baling is a process through which compaction (saving of space) is achieved for ease of handling, for better and optimum transportation (because of compaction, more stuff can be loaded). Baling has been practiced for a long time by the farmers - farmers used the baling process for managing hay and cotton. When used in case of lint, the bale meant 392 pounds of lint. Baling of yarn was of three types:• Soft bales - the yarn was packed in bags for transport to small distances.• Pressed bales - in this yarn is subject to moderate pressure for transport to considerable distances for domestic trade.• Bundling and baling - the yarn is made into bundles and pressed into bales for export reason Besides, the farmers - recycling industry has used baling since a long time. Some of the ways in which recycling industry have used are:• Iron (ferrous metal) - During the baling process ferrous metals are separated with the help of rotary drum magnet which separates out the metal from the other waste.• Paper - Some baling plants separate out the paper - the paper from the waste stream and other separated out waste is pressed into bales and sold to the paper mills for recycling. This has been carried out in India for a long time - when instead of mechanical balers, the papers were pressed into bales manually and sold to paper mills for recycling or was recycled at small scale plants at home.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Pyrometallurgical Scheme for Vacuum Separation of Non-Ferrous Metals from Waste Products in Incineration Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Trebukhov ◽  
Valeriy Volodin ◽  
Olga Ulanova ◽  
Alina Nitsenko ◽  
Farkhat Tuleutay
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Zinc Concentrate ◽  
Separate Product

Abstract Residues from the municipal solid waste processed in incineration plants in European countries are an important raw material to obtain valuable components, including non-ferrous metals. State and private companies specializing in the processing of waste incineration slag as products most often receive concentrates of non-ferrous metals, which, on average, contain, in mass. %: 20÷60 Cu; 10÷30 Zn; 5÷15 Pb; ~ 1 Al; ~ 1 Sn; ~ 1 Fe, up to 50 g/t Аu and up to 3,000 g/t Ag. Concentrates are sent for processing to smelters without taking the cost of zinc into account. The paper presents the study on the separation of metallic zinc into a separate product (zinc concentrate) from the collective concentrate of non-ferrous metals by a vacuum-thermal method, the safest from the environmental point of view. The study was performed with non-ferrous metal concentrate of +0.3-0.8 mm in size, containing wt. %: 68.07 - Cu; 12.4 - Zn; 14.78 - Pb; 0.99 - Al; 1.2 - Sn; 0.15 - Fe, up to 2.0 kg/t - Ag. The material was heat treated at 800÷900℃ with the residual pressure in the system of less than 0.13 kPa. Zinc concentrate was obtained, containing more than 96% of the main component. At the same time, the Cu content increased by 14.09% in the residue from the heat-vacuum treatment. Other metals (Pb, Al, Sn) including noble metals were also concentrated in the residue. The results of the study show that it is possible to separate zinc into a separate product from non-ferrous metal concentrates containing more than 10% Zn in the initial material by the proposed method.

scholarly journals Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Additively Manufactured Aluminium Alloys—A Critical Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4804
Author(s):  
Reynier Revilla ◽  
Donovan Verkens ◽  
Tim Rubben ◽  
Iris De Graeve
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Metal Parts

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM), also known as metal 3D printing, is a rapidly growing industry based on the fabrication of complex metal parts with improved functionalities. During MAM, metal parts are produced in a layer by layer fashion using 3D computer-aided design models. The advantages of using this technology include the reduction of materials waste, high efficiency for small production runs, near net shape manufacturing, ease of change or revision of versions of a product, support of lattice structures, and rapid prototyping. Numerous metals and alloys can nowadays be processed by additive manufacturing techniques. Among them, Al-based alloys are of great interest in the automotive and aeronautic industry due to their relatively high strength and stiffness to weight ratio, good wear and corrosion resistance, and recycling potential. The special conditions associated with the MAM processes are known to produce in these materials a fine microstructure with unique directional growth features far from equilibrium. This distinctive microstructure, together with other special features and microstructural defects originating from the additive manufacturing process, is known to greatly influence the corrosion behaviour of these materials. Several works have already been conducted in this direction. However, several issues concerning the corrosion and corrosion protection of these materials are still not well understood. This work reviews the main studies to date investigating the corrosion aspects of additively manufactured aluminium alloys. It also provides a summary and outlook of relevant directions to be explored in future research.

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