scholarly journals Investigation of the Mechanism of Sulfur Dioxide Adsorption from Gas Emissions of Sodium Bisulfite Production

Author(s):  
L. A. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
E. M. Khusnutdinova ◽  

It is proposed to purify industrial gas emissions from sulfur dioxide by the adsorption method. Waste from the power industry - sludge from the chemical water treatment of Kazan CHPP-1 - was used as an adsorption material. Its chemical composition is presented. Experimental studies of a new sorption material based on energy waste for gas purification from sulfur dioxide have been carried out. The kinetic dependence and isotherm of the adsorption process are obtained. The mechanism of the process of adsorption of sulfur dioxide by sorption material at different temperatures has been studied. The Gibbs free energy, differential heat, and activation energy of adsorption are determined. The economic and environmental impact of modernization of procedure for cleaning gas emissions from sulfur dioxide in sodium bisulfite production at JSC “Chemical factory named after L.Ya. Karpov” was measured.

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Nikolaeva ◽  
Elvira M. Khusnutdinova

Chemical industry enterprises are the main environmental pollutants that cause environmental problems. This is due to the production technology and the toxicity of some substances. In this paper, it is proposed to purify the gas emissions at the JSC Karpov Chemical Plant formed during the production of sodium bisulfite from sulfur dioxide by the adsorption method. As a sorption material, a modified energy waste - carbonate sludge from the chemical water treatment plant of the Naberezhnye Chelny CHPP - was used. The technological characteristics of the granular sorption material are presented. A batch adsorber with a fixed layer of granular sorption material is calculated. The modernization of the technological scheme for cleaning gas emissions from sulfur dioxide of the production line of sodium bisulfite at JSC Chemical Plant named after L.Ya. Karpov is proposed. The calculation of the prevented environmental damage and the economic effect of the modernization of the technological scheme is made.


2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Василь Володимирович Дячок ◽  
Вікторія Катишева ◽  
Сергій Іванович Гуглич ◽  
Сергій Мандрик

Відходи сучасних виробництв становлять серйозну загрозу для навколишнього середовища, що спонукає до розробки новітніх методів їх утилізації.  Вміст вуглекислого газу в атмосфері вже давно є предметом обговорення на політичному рівні держав світу, лідери яких з року в рік шукають шляхи зменшення шкідливих викидів  в атмосферу. В цьому випадку застосування біологічних методів є об’єктивною умовою для використання фотосинтетичних властивостей  мікроводоростей. Використання мікроводоростей в процесах очищення промислових газових викидів  має суттєві переваги завдяки здатності поглинати в десятки разів більшу кількість вуглекислого газу в порівнянні з наземними рослинами та здатності адаптуватися до несприятливих умовах: низькі температури середовища та освітленість, лужно-кислотний баланс, вплив інгібіторів і т. д. За рахунок дослідження цих факторів можна отримати більш глибоке розуміння біологічних методів знешкодження забрудників, та процесів що відбуваються у досліджуваних  об’єктах.У продуктах спалювання палива завжди міститься велика кількість оксидів, найбільш небезпечними є діоксид сульфуру та оксиди азоту. Тому вивчення впливу їх на процес фотосинтезу хлорофіл синтезуючими мікроводоростями є важливим. Результати експериментальних досліджень процесу поглинання вуглекислого газу із промислових газових викидів хлорофілсинтезуючими мікроводоростями типу Chlorella засвідчують про вплив діоксиду сульфуру та оксидів азоту на динаміку поглинання. Доведено зворотнє неконкурентне інгібіювання  фермент-субстратного комплексу клітини мікроводорості діоксином сульфуру відповідно до теорії Лайнуівера-Берка та активування оксидами нітрогену. Встановлені допустимі значення концентрацій інгібітора, діоксиду сульфуру, в процесі поглинання вуглекислого газу хлорофілсинтезуючими мікроводоростями. Визначено константу нестійкості комплексу ферменту та ферментсубстратного комплексу з інгібітором.  Встановлено  значення оптимальної концентрації оксидів нітрогену, як активатора  приросту мікровдоростей типу Chlorella. The waste of modern production poses a serious threat to the environment, which prompts development of modern methods of their utilization. The content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been the subject of discussion at the political level of the states of the world, whose leaders are looking for ways to reduce harmful emissions to the atmosphere from year to year. In this case, the use of biological methods are objective conditions for the use photosynthetic properties of microalgae. The use of microalgae in the process of purifying industrial gas emissions has significant advantages due to the ability to absorb dozens of times more carbon dioxide than terrestrial plants and adapt to adverse conditions: low temperatures and illumination, alkaline-acid balance, the effect of inhibitors, etc.  Through the study of these factors can gain a deeper understanding of biological methods of neutralizing pollutants  and the processes occurring  in the investigated objects.The products of combustion of fuel always contain a large number of oxides, the most dangerous are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Therefore, the study of their influence on the process of photosynthesis by chlorophyllsynthesizing microalgae is important.  The results of experimental studies on the process of carbon dioxide absorption from industrial gas emissions by chlorophyllsynthesizing Chlorella microalgae demonstrate the influence of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides on the absorption dynamics. The phenomenon of sulfur dioxide inhibition and activation by nitrogen oxides of the process of photosynthesis is established.  Reverse noncompetitive inhibition of the microalgae cell-enzyme-substrate complex with dioxin sulfur was proved in accordance with the Linouiver-Burke theory and the activation by nitrogen oxides is proved. The permissible values of the inhibitor concentrations in the process of carbon dioxide absorption by chlorophyllsyntheszing microalgae is established. The instability constant of the enzyme complex and the enzyme substrate complex with the inhibitor is determined. The value of optimal concentration of nitrogen  dioxide as an  activator of the growth of the Chlorella  microalgae is established.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Nikolaeva ◽  
A.N. Khusnutdinov

It is proposed to purify gas emissions of industrial enterprises by the adsorption method. As a sorption material, power industry waste is used — the cuttings for chemical treatment of water of water reclamation at Kazan CHPP-1, which is formed during coagulation and liming of natural water. The chemical composition of the cuttings, its technological characteristics, the isotherm of adsorption of hydrogen sulphide cuttings, its sorption capacity and water absorption are determined. The optimum characteristics of a batch adsorber with a fixed cuttings layer are calculated. The calculation of the economic and ecological effect of the modernization of the technological scheme for cleaning gas emissions from the hydrogen sulphide line produced by the thiocol OJSC "Kazan Plant of Synthetic Rubber" is given.


2020 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01082
Author(s):  
Elvira Khusnutdinova ◽  
Larisa Nikolaeva

This paper proposes an adsorption-based method of removing sulfur dioxide from the flue gases produced by the thermal power plant. A power plant waste – chemical water treatment sludge available at Kazan CHPP-1 – was used as an adsorption material. Presented here is the chemical composition of the chemical water treatment sludge for a modified sorption material to be designed therefrom. The new sorp-tion material was trial tested for removal of sulfur dioxide from gases. This resulted in kinetic dependence and adsorption isotherm. The test results were then used to design the adsorber. The economic and envi-ronmental effect of using the chemical water treatment sludge as the sorption material was calculated.


2011 ◽  
Vol 1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Sang ◽  
A. Kulovits ◽  
J. Wiezorek

ABSTRACTAccurate Debye-Waller (DW) factors of chemically ordered β-NiAl (B2, cP2, ${\rm{Pm}}\bar 3 {\rm{m}}$) have been measured at different temperatures using an off-zone axis multi-beam convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) method. We determined a cross over temperature below which the DW factor of Ni becomes smaller than that of Al of ~90K. Additionally, we measured for the first time DW factors and structure factors of chemically ordered γ1-FePd (L10, tP2, P4/mmm) at 120K. We were able to simultaneously determine all four anisotropic DW factors and several low order structure factors using different special off-zone axis multi-beam convergent beam electron diffraction patterns with high precision and accuracy. An electron charge density deformation map was constructed from measured X-ray diffraction structure factors for γ1-FePd.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
H.K. Güler ◽  
F.C. Çallıoğlu

In this study, it was achieved that crosslinking of PVP/GEL nanofibers with two-steps. Crosslinking is a process highly important for water-soluble polymers in terms of application areas and mechanical properties. Firstly, crosslinking of PVP polymers experimental studies were carried out via heat treatment at different temperatures and times. Then, GEL polymers were crosslinked with GTA vapour at different times. Morphological analysis was carried out via SEM images and chemical characteristics were determined via FT-IR analysis. Moreover, after the crosslinking process, SD and WL values were calculated. All results showed that before crosslinking of SEM images, nanofibers were smooth, fine and without beads. The average fiber diameter is 196 nm and the fiber diameter distribution is quite uniform. After crosslinking of SEM images, it is expected that all nanowebs will turn from fibrous surfaces to membranous. Generally, SD and WL values decrease with crosslinking time increase. According to all of the SEM images, SD and WL values, optimum conditions were determined for PVP as 4 hours at 180oC and for GEL as 24 hours. Lastly, the presence of PVP and GEL polymers in the nanofiber structure was verified chemically with FT-IR analysis.


2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6593-6605 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Y. Wu ◽  
S. R. Tong ◽  
W. G. Wang ◽  
M. F. Ge

Abstract. The heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on CaCO3 was studied as a function of temperature (230 to 298 K) at ambient pressure. Oxidation reactions were followed in real time using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry (DRIFTS) to obtain kinetic and mechanistic data. From the analysis of the spectral features, the formation of sulfate was identified on the surface in the presence of O3 and SO2 at different temperatures from 230 to 298 K. The results showed that the heterogeneous oxidation and the rate of sulfate formation were sensitive to temperature. An interesting stage-transition region was observed at temperatures ranging from 230 to 257 K, but it became ambiguous gradually above 257 K. The reactive uptake coefficients at different temperatures from 230 to 298 K were acquired for the first time, which can be used directly in atmospheric chemistry modeling studies to predict the formation of secondary sulfate aerosol in the troposphere. Furthermore, the rate of sulfate formation had a turning point at about 250 K. The sulfate concentration at 250 K was about twice as large as that at 298 K. The rate of sulfate formation increased with decreasing temperature at temperatures above 250 K, while there is a contrary temperature effect at temperatures below 250 K. The activation energy for heterogeneous oxidation at temperatures from 245 K to 230 K was determined to be 14.63 ± 0.20 kJ mol−1. A mechanism for the temperature dependence was proposed and the atmospheric implications were discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7628-7636
Author(s):  
D. Belakhal ◽  
Kouider Rahmani ◽  
Amel Elkaroui Elkaroui ◽  
Syrine Ben Haj Ayech ◽  
Nejla Mahjoub Saïd ◽  
...  

In the current investigation, numerical study of a thermal jet of asymmetric (rectangular and elliptical) and axisymmetric (circular) geometry was investigated with variable density to verify the impact of the ratio of density and geometry on the generation of entropy. The central jet was brought to different temperatures (194, 293 and 2110 K) to obtain density ratios (0.66, 1 and 7.2) identical to a mixture jet ((Air-CO2), (Air-Air) and (Air-He)), respectively. Solving the three-dimensional numerical resolution of the Navier Stocks for turbulent flow permanent enclosed on the turbulence model K-εstandard was made. The results acquired are compared with that carried out in previous experimental studies, where it was concluded that, the axisymmetric (circular) geometry increases the entropy generation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan T. McCormick Kilbride ◽  
Kila Mulina ◽  
Geoffrey Wadge ◽  
R. Wally Johnson ◽  
Ima Itikarai ◽  
...  

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