scholarly journals Sharing Radio Spectrum for Research and Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-69
Author(s):  
Jos Dumortier ◽  
Irina Yurievna Bogdanovskaya ◽  
Niels Vandezande ◽  
Mikail Yakushev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
National Differences

In most countries academic researchers have access to advanced academic telecommunications networks and infrastructures to test and demonstrate the results of their research work. These networks are usually funded by national or regional public authorities. To provide access to the academic networks on a wider scale, European and international collaboration initiatives have been taken. For the fixed network environment this may suffice but the situation is different in the wireless context, partly because here, researchers must, in one way or another, obtain spectrum usage rights. Today spectrum usage rights can be quite easily obtained in the restricted territorial space of a testbed. Yet, small-scale testbeds are not sufficient anymore for realistic validation, and the scientific community today needs large-scale field deployments working with the same radio spectrum as the commercial networks and capable of supporting new technologies and services. The evolution from lab testbeds to field deployments is required to increase the validation capabilities for complex systems like connected cars, massive Internet of Things (IoT) or eHealth solutions. Appropriate frequency bands, needed by researchers to carry out, for example, large-scale 5G experiments, are generally allocated via auctions and on an exclusive basis to large mobile network operators. While it is perfectly feasible for these MNOs to keep dedicated slices for tests and demonstrations in their networks separate from their day-to-day operations without negative effects for the latter, there are few regulatory mechanisms for stimulating MNOs to make parts of their spectrum usage rights available for the academic research community. All EU Member States allow short-term licenses for the use of radio spectrum for research, testing, and experimental purposes, but procedures, requirements, and costs for obtaining such license vary significantly. These national differences do not allow for the creation of a persistent and pan-European network of wireless capacity for research, testing, and experimental purposes. On the secondary market, leasing or transferring radio spectrum usage rights is possible, and procedures seem more harmonized.

scholarly journals Is there a possibility of perovskite taking over the solar technology market by 2030?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Adebayo O.Fashina
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
What Works ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
Solar Cell Technology

In recent time, there have been enormous advances in the development of perovskite solar cells in terms of its efficiency, rising from 3.8 percent in 2009 to 23.7 percent in 2018. This took other solar technologies over thirty years of research to accomplish. On the other hand, perovskite proffers a more affordable solution since it is potentially much cheaper to produce and relatively simple to manufacture than silicon solar cells. In spite of this great potential, perovskite solar cell technology is still in the premature stages of commercialization due to a number of concerns. Moreover, like with many new technologies, there is a difference between what works in the laboratory at small-scale and in the factory at large-scale. Thus, looking at perovskites as a material, it has the tendency to be a bit unstable at high temperature and susceptible to moisture and these could cause the decomposition of cells. The question here is: can perovskite outshine silicon solar cel1s in the next 10 years considering the successes so far and the vigorous research that is presently taking place globally?  

scholarly journals Progress in understanding of Indian Ocean circulation, variability, air-sea exchange and impacts on biogeochemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Phillips ◽  
Amit Tandon ◽  
Ryo Furue ◽  
Raleigh Hood ◽  
Caroline Ummenhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract. Over the past decade, our understanding of the Indian Ocean has advanced through concerted efforts toward measuring the ocean circulation and its water properties, detecting changes in water masses, and linking physical processes to ecologically important variables. New circulation pathways and mechanisms have been discovered, which control atmospheric and oceanic mean state and variability. This review brings together new understanding of the ocean-atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean since the last comprehensive review, describing the Indian Ocean circulation patterns, air-sea interactions and climate variability. The second International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2) and related efforts have motivated the application of new technologies to deliver higher-resolution observations and models of Indian Ocean processes. As a result we are discovering the importance of small scale processes in setting the large-scale gradients and circulation, interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes, interactions between boundary currents and the interior, and between the surface and the deep ocean. In the last decade we have seen rapid warming of the Indian Ocean overlaid with extremes in the form of marine heatwaves. These events have motivated studies that have delivered new insight into the variability in ocean heat content and exchanges in the Indian Ocean, and climate variability on interannual to decadal timescales.This synthesis paper reviews the advances in these areas in the last decade.

Digital grotesque: Towards a micro-tectonic architecture

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
Michael Hansmeyer ◽  
Benjamin Dillenburger
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Specific Experiment

Computational design allows for architecture with an extraordinary degree of topographical and topological complexity. Limitations of traditional CNC technologies have until recently precluded this architecture from being fabricated. While additive manufacturing has made it possible to materialize these complex forms, this has occurred only at a very small scale. In trying to apply additive manufacturing to the construction of full-scale architecture, one encounters a dilemma: existing large-scale 3D printing methods can only print highly simplified shapes with rough details, while existing high-resolution technologies have limited print spaces, high costs, or material attributes that preclude a structural use. This paper provides a brief background on additive manufacturing technology and presents recent developments in sand-printing technology that overcome current 3D printing restrictions. It then presents a specific experiment, Digital Grotesque project, which is the first application of 3D sand-printing technology at an architecture scale. It describes how this project attempts to exploit the potentials of these new technologies.

An empirical analysis on Six Sigma implementation in service organisations

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayon Chakraborty ◽  
Tan Kay Chuan
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Content Type

PurposeSince its introduction by Motorola in the 1980s, Six Sigma and its philosophy have found widespread application in many manufacturing and service industries. It is felt that there is a need to take stock of the spread of Six Sigma implementation in service organisations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate five main themes which have emerged from literature and to draw on those themes to reflect on wider applicability of Six Sigma in services.Design/methodology/approachThe study involves two exploratory questionnaire surveys. The small‐scale survey is conducted in service organizations in Singapore. The large‐scale survey was web‐based and involved service organisations throughout the world. The objective is to explore and understand the issues highlighted by the service organisations during Six Sigma implementation.FindingsThe findings confirm the inclusion of critical success factors, critical‐to‐quality characteristics, and set of tools and techniques as observed from the literature. In the case of key performance indicators (KPIs), there are different interpretations about them in the literature and also by industry practitioners. Some literature explains KPIs as performance metrics whereas some feel they are key process input or output variables, which is similar to interpretations by practitioners of Six Sigma. The responses of “not relevant” and “unknown to us” as reasons for not implementing Six Sigma show the need for understanding specific requirements of service organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThe limited responses from the authors' surveys restrict the possibility of generalising the findings. Therefore, more extensive survey is required. The three‐phase approach with mixed method used in the overall study has been shown to be useful.Originality/valueAlthough much theoretical description is available about Six Sigma, there has been limited rigorous academic research on it. This gap is far more pronounced about Six Sigma implementation in service organizations, where the theory is not yet mature. Identifying this need, the paper contributes, by empirical research through surveys, to understand the issues involving Six Sigma implementation in service organizations.

scholarly journals Progress in understanding of Indian Ocean circulation, variability, air–sea exchange, and impacts on biogeochemistry

Ocean Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1677-1751
Author(s):  
Helen E. Phillips ◽  
Amit Tandon ◽  
Ryo Furue ◽  
Raleigh Hood ◽  
Caroline C. Ummenhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Abstract. Over the past decade, our understanding of the Indian Ocean has advanced through concerted efforts toward measuring the ocean circulation and air–sea exchanges, detecting changes in water masses, and linking physical processes to ecologically important variables. New circulation pathways and mechanisms have been discovered that control atmospheric and oceanic mean state and variability. This review brings together new understanding of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean since the last comprehensive review, describing the Indian Ocean circulation patterns, air–sea interactions, and climate variability. Coordinated international focus on the Indian Ocean has motivated the application of new technologies to deliver higher-resolution observations and models of Indian Ocean processes. As a result we are discovering the importance of small-scale processes in setting the large-scale gradients and circulation, interactions between physical and biogeochemical processes, interactions between boundary currents and the interior, and interactions between the surface and the deep ocean. A newly discovered regional climate mode in the southeast Indian Ocean, the Ningaloo Niño, has instigated more regional air–sea coupling and marine heatwave research in the global oceans. In the last decade, we have seen rapid warming of the Indian Ocean overlaid with extremes in the form of marine heatwaves. These events have motivated studies that have delivered new insight into the variability in ocean heat content and exchanges in the Indian Ocean and have highlighted the critical role of the Indian Ocean as a clearing house for anthropogenic heat. This synthesis paper reviews the advances in these areas in the last decade.

scholarly journals Research perspectives in ecodesign

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison Kim ◽  
François Cluzel ◽  
Yann Leroy ◽  
Bernard Yannou ◽  
Gwenola Yannou-Le Bris
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Actual Design

Ecodesign has gained significant traction in recent years ranging from academic research to business applications at a global scale. Initial emphasis on the environmental aspect of design has evolved to include economic and social aspects, with projects ranging from small-scale products to large-scale industrial systems. In this paper, the authors re-analyse 10 of their major ecodesign research projects of the past ten years to identify five categories of challenges and promising future directions for ecodesign research. This paper is primarily a retrospective position paper based on the authors’ experience of actual design studies, providing also a relevant literature review and summary of design practices.

Development a new methodology for measuring deep drawing forces based on dimensionless evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622096971
Author(s):  
Saeed Hajiahmadi ◽  
Majid Elyasi ◽  
Mohsen Shakeri
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Dimensionless Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Analysis Method

In this research work, dimensionless models based on geometric parameters have been developed for the deep drawing process of rectangular cups to reduce the manufacturing costs on a large scale of application in a noticeable way. In the following, geometric parameters were given in dimensionless form by the Π-Buckingham dimensional analysis method and a series of dimensionless groups were found for both circular and rectangular initial blank. To find the best group of dimensionless geometric parameters, different cup scales 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 5:1 are evaluated numerically by ABAQUS Finite Element (FE) software, validated by experimental work. After all effective geometric parameters have been analyzed, the best fitting relational model of dimensionless parameters is found for rectangular and circular blank separately. Various thicknesses of St12 sheet metals were used for experimental validation, which were formed at room temperature. Also, results and response parameters were compared in the simulation process, experimental tests and dimensionless models. By looking at the outcomes, it is demonstrated that the geometric qualities of a large scale can be predicted by a small scale, utilizing the proposed dimensionless model. A comparison of the outcomes for dimensionless models and experimental tests shows that proposed dimensionless models have a high degree of precision in determining geometrical parameters and the prediction of drawing force. Furthermore, the dimensionless analysis was generalized to ensure high precision estimation of geometric values for large geometric scales.

scholarly journals State and Challenges for the Development of Cooperation in Science and Technology between Russia and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
I. V. Danilin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to analyze the state and prospects of science and technology (S&T) cooperation between the Russian Federation and the PRC in the context of the global S&T cooperation trends.Methods: research is based on a combination of desk and field methods. The article is based on the data from official documents of the Russian Federation, state companies, institutions for development, and other structures, as well as media sources. A series of non-focused expert interviews with representatives of the innovation and expert community, linked to Russia-China S&T cooperation, was also conducted.Results: the main trends and directions of the S&T cooperation between Russia and China in 2000–2020s have been identified, including: large projects in traditional medium- and high-tech industries; horizontal academic cooperation; bilateral activities in developing innovation infrastructure (science parks, investment funds, etc.); tech activities of big corporations – with special focus on Huawei. Several factors, limiting the potential of bilateral S&T cooperation, were identified. Among the most important are: differences in the structure of real (not declarative) S&T priorities; weak complementarity of both economies and unwillingness to form harmonized trade and investment regimes (also because of the different size of Russian and Chinese economies); the techno-nationalist ideology of state policies of both nations; mismatching areas of scientific leadership that impedes synergy in academic research. The fragmentation and insufficient financial support of the Russian S&T and innovation sectors are noted as separate factors.Conclusions and Relevance: despite high mutual interest in intensification of Russia-China dialogue is declared, there are clear limits for bilateral S&T cooperation. Existing restrictions predetermines the preservation of a relatively small scale of S&T cooperation for the foreseeable future, with P2P interactions of groups of actors at its core. However, some of these interactions may be large-scale and long-term, as is the case of Huawei. One of the ways to change this dynamic (not saying about urgent need to optimize economic situation in Russia) is to develop a comprehensive strategy of cooperation with China – with subsequent focus on a small group of most important initiatives and creating favorable conditions for interaction of private and academic actors.

scholarly journals Thinking through crisis – the role of think tanks

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Hans Holzhacker ◽  
Khalid Umar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
User Friendly

Most of the research in academic institutions is data-intensive and based on statistical models, which is often difficult and time-consuming to read for governments and businesses. Here comes the role of think tanks to serve as knowledge connectors - translating academic research into user-friendly information for informed policymaking. The rise of science-skeptical movements since a few years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic and their strengthening during the pandemic has put increasing pressure on global think tanks. Populist regimes in many regions of the world cut financial resources for think tanks, thus shrinking the space for an independent analysis. The COVID–19 pandemic has triggered a multitude of crises, including large-scale social, economic, health and livelihood challenges. An unprecedented economic meltdown, interruption of economic activities in all business sectors, and immense burden on the health sector left governments reeling and scrambling to find appropriate policy responses to minimize the pandemic's impacts. The pandemic has further accentuated the challenges think tanks are confronting. One of the first responses by the think tanks from the outset was adopting new technologies and a quick shift to online work modality. Think tanks in the region organized dozens of webinars on the pandemic's critical challenges to facilitate the governments and influence and shape public opinion in their respective countries. These webinars covered a broad range of topics, including the research and analyses on the impacts of the COVID–19.

scholarly journals Study on Design and Simulation of Temperature Control System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rahul Yadav ◽  
◽  
Kamlesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Plant

Temperature control system is nothing but a complicated process which is aimed to maintain the temperature in a particular defined area to a certain maxima or minima level or say defined in a range which is quite certain. We can witness this process commonly used in many parts of the India and many other countries. In recent times, we are witnessing a rapid growth in industries at global level which has led to globalization and industrialization which further has led the necessary use of the temperature control system and its application in these industries at day-to-day level in manufacturing and maintenance with the increase in the greenhouse effect and depletion of ozone layer. Many factories both at small scale as well as at large scale always maintain a certain area or say a section of operation in their infrastructure that must maintain a range of temperature for process to work successfully. The laboratories of research uncertainly sometimes lack in the use of temperature control system which has further necessitated the use of large chambers of different sizes to perform specific temperature related re-search work which further led to the increase in the cost of research work. In certain specific areas there are lot of electronic activities happening or some machinery function like in the server rooms or the area where production plant is, so basically these places work constantly for 24hrs and during the whole day the temperature has to be monitored precisely and frequently so that it can be ensured that the temperature do not instantly rise or fall below the marked temperature which may lead to the acceleration of wearing and tearing of whole system. Living rooms, hospitals, malls, aircrafts etc., are also one of the most important places where monitoring of temperature is required so as to ensure that the thermal comfort is ensured, and thermal comfort here means that the state of mind which feels satisfied with the temperature in the present environment. This is important because if there will be any dissatisfaction with the thermal environment then it can cause the body to be too warm or too by unwanted heating and unwanted cooling of the equipment may further lead to the functional disbalance.

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