scholarly journals Research perspectives in ecodesign

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison Kim ◽  
François Cluzel ◽  
Yann Leroy ◽  
Bernard Yannou ◽  
Gwenola Yannou-Le Bris
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Actual Design

Ecodesign has gained significant traction in recent years ranging from academic research to business applications at a global scale. Initial emphasis on the environmental aspect of design has evolved to include economic and social aspects, with projects ranging from small-scale products to large-scale industrial systems. In this paper, the authors re-analyse 10 of their major ecodesign research projects of the past ten years to identify five categories of challenges and promising future directions for ecodesign research. This paper is primarily a retrospective position paper based on the authors’ experience of actual design studies, providing also a relevant literature review and summary of design practices.

Charles Henry Brian Priestley. 8 July 1915 — 18 May 1998

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 349-378
Author(s):  
J. R. Garratt ◽  
E. K. Webb ◽  
S. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Convection And Heat Transfer ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Industrial Research Organization ◽  
The University

Charles Henry Brian Priestley was born and educated in England. After completing the Mathematical Tripos at the University of Cambridge, he joined the Meteorological Office in 1939. For the next seven years he was engaged mostly in wartime work, including a two-year spell in Canada (1941–43) and three years with the Meteorological Office upper-air unit at Dunstable, UK (1943–46). In 1946, aged 31 years, he took up an Australian appointment with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (later to become the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)) to establish and develop a group to undertake research in meteorological physics. Thereafter he was based in Melbourne, Australia, with his career in the CSIRO extending to 1977. Priestley’s own early research focused on large-scale atmospheric systems, including substantial work on global-scale transport, and later on small-scale atmospheric convection and heat transfer, in which he established some significant results. He had a leading role in the development of the atmospheric sciences in Australia, and was strongly involved in international meteorology.

scholarly journals Pengembangan model permainan tradisional untuk membangun karakter pada siswa SD kelas atas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puput Widodo ◽  
Ria Lumintuarso
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
School Students ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
The Media

Penelitian ini mengadaptasi penelitian dan pengembangan pendidikan model Borg & Gall dengan menyederhanakan menjadi 2 tahapan sebagai berikut (1) tahap pra-pengembangan, tahapan ini meliputi (a) kajian literatur dan penelitian relevan dan (b) studi lapangan, (2) tahap pengembangan, tahapan ini meliputi (a) penyusunan draf, (b) validasi ahli, (c) uji coba model skala kecil, (d) uji coba model skala besar, dan (e) produk akhir. Uji coba skala kecil dilakukan terhadap 30 anak kelas atas SDN Aditirto Pejagoan Kebumen, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Uji coba skala besar dilakukan terhadap 130 anak kelas atas dari SD Negeri 1 Karangpoh, 26 siswa SD Negeri 1 Logede, 22 siswa SD Negeri 4 Pejagoan, 24 siswa SD Negeri 1 Kebulusan, dan 30 siswa SD Negeri 3 Kebulusan Kecamatan Pejagoan, Kabupaten Kebumen, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah wawancara, kuisioner penilaian karakter permainan tradisional, kuisioner observasi pengembangan permainan tradisional, kuisioner observasi keefektifan model permainan tradisional, kuisioner penilian observasi ahli media, dan kuisioner evaluasi siswa. Hasil penelitian berupa pengembangan model permainan tradisional terdiri dari 3 jenis permainan yaitu: (1) permainan goteng, (2) lari papan/segi empat, dan (3) kasti tangan. Berdasarkan penilaian para ahli materi dan guru penjasorkes dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan model permainan tradisional yang disusun sangat baik dan efektif, sehingga model permainan layak digunakan untuk pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani pada siswa kelas atas. Developing Models of Traditional Games to Build Characters of Elementary School Students of Upper Grades AbstractThe study was conducted through two stages by adapting the research and development of educational models Borg & Gall as follows (1) pre-development stage, this stage include (a) review of relevant literature and research, and (b) field studies, (2) the development stage, this stage include; (a) drafting, (b) validation expert, (c) testing of small-scale models, (d) testing large-scale models, and (e) of the final product.The small-scale tryout was conducted by involving 30 students of upper grades of state elementary schools (SES) of Aditirto, Pejagoan sub-district, Kebumen regency, Central Java porovinsi. The large-scale tryout was conducted by involving 130 students of upper grades of SES 1 of Karangpoh, 26 students of SES 1 of Logede, 22 students of SES 4 of Pejagoan, 24 students of SES 1 of Kebulusan, and 30 students of SES 3 of Kebulusan Pejagoan sub-district, Kebumen regency, Central Java porovinsi. The data collecting instruments were an interview guideline, a questionnaire to assess characters of traditional games, a questionnaire to assess the traditional game development, a questionnaire for the assessment by the media expert, and a questionnaire for the evaluation by students. The results of the study of the development of models of traditional games were three types of games, i.e: (1) goteng game, (2) board/rectangle running, and (3) hand kasti. Based on the assessment by the materials experts and the teachers of physical, sports, and health education, it could be concluded that the developed modals of traditional games were very good and effective so that they were appropriate to be used in the learning physical education for the students of upper grades.

scholarly journals A multiscale model of virus pandemic: Heterogeneous interactive entities in a globally connected world

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (08) ◽  
pp. 1591-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Bellomo ◽  
Richard Bingham ◽  
Mark A. J. Chaplain ◽  
Giovanni Dosi ◽  
Guido Forni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Lattice Models ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
Modelling Approach

This paper is devoted to the multidisciplinary modelling of a pandemic initiated by an aggressive virus, specifically the so-called SARS–CoV–[Formula: see text] Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, corona virus n.[Formula: see text]. The study is developed within a multiscale framework accounting for the interaction of different spatial scales, from the small scale of the virus itself and cells, to the large scale of individuals and further up to the collective behaviour of populations. An interdisciplinary vision is developed thanks to the contributions of epidemiologists, immunologists and economists as well as those of mathematical modellers. The first part of the contents is devoted to understanding the complex features of the system and to the design of a modelling rationale. The modelling approach is treated in the second part of the paper by showing both how the virus propagates into infected individuals, successfully and not successfully recovered, and also the spatial patterns, which are subsequently studied by kinetic and lattice models. The third part reports the contribution of research in the fields of virology, epidemiology, immune competition, and economy focussed also on social behaviours. Finally, a critical analysis is proposed looking ahead to research perspectives.

scholarly journals Multi-instrument observations of the ionospheric counterpart of a bursty bulk flow in the near-Earth plasma sheet

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grocott ◽  
T. K. Yeoman ◽  
R. Nakamura ◽  
S. W. H. Cowley ◽  
H. U. Frey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Sheet ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current System ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Bulk Flow ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plasma Convection ◽  
Bursty Bulk Flow ◽  
Central Plasma

Abstract. On 07 September 2001 the Cluster spacecraft observed a "bursty bulk flow" event in the near-Earth central plasma sheet. This paper presents a detailed study of the coincident ground-based observations and attempts to place them within a simple physical framework. The event in question occurs at ~22:30 UT, some 10min after a southward turning of the IMF. IMAGE and SAMNET magnetometer measurements of the ground magnetic field reveal perturbations of a few tens of nT and small amplitude Pi2 pulsations. CUTLASS radar observations of ionospheric plasma convection show enhanced flows out of the polar cap near midnight, accompanied by an elevated transpolar voltage. Optical data from the IMAGE satellite also show that there is a transient, localised ~1 kR brightening in the UV aurora. These observations are consistent with the earthward transport of plasma in the tail, but also indicate the absence of a typical "large-scale" substorm current wedge. An analysis of the field-aligned current system implied by the radar measurements does suggest the existence of a small-scale current "wedgelet", but one which lacks the global scale and high conductivities observed during substorm expansions. Key words. Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; ionospheremagnetosphere interactions; plasma convection)

Overview of Accelerator Applications in Energy

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Garnett ◽  
Richard L. Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Accelerator Technology

An overview of the application of accelerators and accelerator technology in energy is presented. Applications span a broad range of cost, size, and complexity and include large-scale systems requiring high-power or high-energy accelerators to drive subcritical reactors for energy production or waste transmutation, as well as small-scale industrial systems used to improve oil and gas exploration and production. The enabling accelerator technologies will also be reviewed and future directions discussed.

An empirical analysis on Six Sigma implementation in service organisations

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayon Chakraborty ◽  
Tan Kay Chuan
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Content Type

PurposeSince its introduction by Motorola in the 1980s, Six Sigma and its philosophy have found widespread application in many manufacturing and service industries. It is felt that there is a need to take stock of the spread of Six Sigma implementation in service organisations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate five main themes which have emerged from literature and to draw on those themes to reflect on wider applicability of Six Sigma in services.Design/methodology/approachThe study involves two exploratory questionnaire surveys. The small‐scale survey is conducted in service organizations in Singapore. The large‐scale survey was web‐based and involved service organisations throughout the world. The objective is to explore and understand the issues highlighted by the service organisations during Six Sigma implementation.FindingsThe findings confirm the inclusion of critical success factors, critical‐to‐quality characteristics, and set of tools and techniques as observed from the literature. In the case of key performance indicators (KPIs), there are different interpretations about them in the literature and also by industry practitioners. Some literature explains KPIs as performance metrics whereas some feel they are key process input or output variables, which is similar to interpretations by practitioners of Six Sigma. The responses of “not relevant” and “unknown to us” as reasons for not implementing Six Sigma show the need for understanding specific requirements of service organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThe limited responses from the authors' surveys restrict the possibility of generalising the findings. Therefore, more extensive survey is required. The three‐phase approach with mixed method used in the overall study has been shown to be useful.Originality/valueAlthough much theoretical description is available about Six Sigma, there has been limited rigorous academic research on it. This gap is far more pronounced about Six Sigma implementation in service organizations, where the theory is not yet mature. Identifying this need, the paper contributes, by empirical research through surveys, to understand the issues involving Six Sigma implementation in service organizations.

scholarly journals Round table discussion of session G: MHD convection and dynamos

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S239) ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Juri Toomre
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Dynamo Action ◽  
Solar Convection Zone ◽  
Solar Convection ◽  
Prandtl Numbers

AbstractVigorous discussion ensued about conditions under which both small-scale and global-scale dynamo action would be realized within real stars where the flow fields are expected to be highly turbulent and the magnetic Prandtl numbers small. Our nearest star reminds us that intricate boundary-layer phenomena may have to also be considered, such as the presence of a tachocline of rotational shear at the base of the solar convection zone revealed by helioseismology, which suggests that an interface dynamo may be at work to produce the observed 22-year cycles of large-scale magnetic activity.

scholarly journals Sustainability and the financial system Review of literature 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Aspinall ◽  
S. R. Jones ◽  
E. H. McNeill ◽  
R. A. Werner ◽  
T. Zalk
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Neutral Medium ◽  
Discount Factors ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Primary Means

AbstractMuch actuarial work is underpinned by the use of economic models derived from mainstream academic theories of finance and economics which treat money as being a neutral medium of exchange. The sustainability of a financial system whose understanding is based on a limited view of the role of money has increasingly been subject to criticism. In order to identify needed research programmes to address such criticisms and improve these disciplines, we sought to understand the current state of knowledge in economics and finance concerning the link between monetary and financial factors and sustainability. We have approached this through a search for relevant literature published in the highest-rated academic journals in economics, finance and the social sciences for titles and abstracts containing both references to the financial system on the one hand, and sustainability and environmental factors on the other. The systematic search of a universe of 125 journals and 355,000 articles yielded the finding that surprisingly few research papers jointly address these concepts. Nevertheless, we find that current research shares a broad consensus that the implications of the growth-oriented economic model results in an increasingly interconnected and fragile financial system whose participants are not incentivised to fully recognise the natural environment and resource constraints. We further observe that the prescriptions offered are relatively limited and small-scale in their outlook and that there is a vital need for further research, particularly for actuaries who are required to take a longer-term outlook. The Resource and Environment Board has supported this work with two key objectives: first, to identify research that may have direct application to actuarial work and, second, to identify gaps in academic research that would help drive the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries’ own research agenda. With this in mind there are three further areas of potential actuarial research. These are the policy aim of pursuing growth without limit within a finite ecosystem; discount factors as the primary means of capital allocation and investment decisions; and the use of gross domestic product as the key metric of economic activity and success. We also conclude that further academic research is urgently needed to understand the sustainability of the banking and monetary system.

scholarly journals Behavior of compressed plasmas in magnetic fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurudas Ganguli ◽  
Chris Crabtree ◽  
Alex Fletcher ◽  
Bill Amatucci
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Kinetic Regime ◽  
Plasma Dynamics ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Different Characteristics

AbstractPlasma in the earth’s magnetosphere is subjected to compression during geomagnetically active periods and relaxation in subsequent quiet times. Repeated compression and relaxation is the origin of much of the plasma dynamics and intermittency in the near-earth environment. An observable manifestation of compression is the thinning of the plasma sheet resulting in magnetic reconnection when the solar wind mass, energy, and momentum floods into the magnetosphere culminating in the spectacular auroral display. This phenomenon is rich in physics at all scale sizes, which are causally interconnected. This poses a formidable challenge in accurately modeling the physics. The large-scale processes are fluid-like and are reasonably well captured in the global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models, but those in the smaller scales responsible for dissipation and relaxation that feed back to the larger scale dynamics are often in the kinetic regime. The self-consistent generation of the small-scale processes and their feedback to the global plasma dynamics remains to be fully explored. Plasma compression can lead to the generation of electromagnetic fields that distort the particle orbits and introduce new features beyond the purview of the MHD framework, such as ambipolar electric fields, unequal plasma drifts and currents among species, strong spatial and velocity gradients in gyroscale layers separating plasmas of different characteristics, etc. These boundary layers are regions of intense activity characterized by emissions that are measurable. We study the behavior of such compressed plasmas and discuss the relaxation mechanisms to understand their measurable signatures as well as their feedback to influence the global scale plasma evolution.

scholarly journals State and Challenges for the Development of Cooperation in Science and Technology between Russia and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
I. V. Danilin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to analyze the state and prospects of science and technology (S&T) cooperation between the Russian Federation and the PRC in the context of the global S&T cooperation trends.Methods: research is based on a combination of desk and field methods. The article is based on the data from official documents of the Russian Federation, state companies, institutions for development, and other structures, as well as media sources. A series of non-focused expert interviews with representatives of the innovation and expert community, linked to Russia-China S&T cooperation, was also conducted.Results: the main trends and directions of the S&T cooperation between Russia and China in 2000–2020s have been identified, including: large projects in traditional medium- and high-tech industries; horizontal academic cooperation; bilateral activities in developing innovation infrastructure (science parks, investment funds, etc.); tech activities of big corporations – with special focus on Huawei. Several factors, limiting the potential of bilateral S&T cooperation, were identified. Among the most important are: differences in the structure of real (not declarative) S&T priorities; weak complementarity of both economies and unwillingness to form harmonized trade and investment regimes (also because of the different size of Russian and Chinese economies); the techno-nationalist ideology of state policies of both nations; mismatching areas of scientific leadership that impedes synergy in academic research. The fragmentation and insufficient financial support of the Russian S&T and innovation sectors are noted as separate factors.Conclusions and Relevance: despite high mutual interest in intensification of Russia-China dialogue is declared, there are clear limits for bilateral S&T cooperation. Existing restrictions predetermines the preservation of a relatively small scale of S&T cooperation for the foreseeable future, with P2P interactions of groups of actors at its core. However, some of these interactions may be large-scale and long-term, as is the case of Huawei. One of the ways to change this dynamic (not saying about urgent need to optimize economic situation in Russia) is to develop a comprehensive strategy of cooperation with China – with subsequent focus on a small group of most important initiatives and creating favorable conditions for interaction of private and academic actors.

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