Tuberculosis in goats in Benoue area of North Cameroon: Prevalence, diagnostic performance of intradermal tuberculin skin test and zoonotic risk factors

Tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium bovis is a wasting disease of animals with severe public health significance. Though widely diagnosed in cattle and the performance of Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) at different cut-off points compared in various environmental conditions, there is dearth of information with respect to TB in goats in Cameroon. This study estimated the prevalence of bovine TB in goats in Benuoe area of Cameroon, based on the performance of TST against detection of tuberculous-like lesions and acid-fast bacilli as gold tests. The study detected goat TB based on tuberculous-like lesions (27.87%), acid-fast bacilli (3.29%); and bovine TB positive reactions (12.28%, 95%CI: 9.19–15.95), (8.95%, 95%CI: 6.31–12.23) and (5.37%, 95%CI: 3.36–8.09) at Single intradermal cervical tuberculin (SICT) ≥2.5mm, ≥3mm, and ≥4mm and (2.30%, 95%CI: 1.06–4.32), (1.79%, 95%CI: 0.72–3.65) and (1.02%, 95%CI: 0.28– 2.60) at Single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) ≥2mm, ≥3mm, and ≥4mm cut-off points, respectively. SICT and SICCT sensitivity (11.76%) against detection of tuberculous-like lesions was significantly lower [p<0.05] with slight agreements [Kappa=0.161] compared to sensitivity (100%) and perfect agreements [Kappa=1.00] against detection of acid-fast bacilli at these cut-offs. The Bayesian model revealed a goat TB prevalence of 18.41% (95%CI: 11.73–27.00) using SICT and 4.28 (95%CI: 1.26–8.60) using SICCT with the performance characteristic being higher for SICT than SICCT at ≥2mm cut-off. However, two-graph ROC (TG-ROC) analysis revealed that the optimal goat TB diagnosis with SICCT was at ≥2mm cut-off point. Many goat handlers were aware of health hazards of zoonotic TB but ignorant about goat TB and its possible zoonotic transmission to humans. The study reports the first comparative tuberculin skin test of goats in Benoue area of North-Cameroon and confirmed that zoonotic TB is a neglected health and production problem of goats in Cameroon that needs further investigated.

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Dominance of Zoonotic Pathogen Cryptosporidium Meleagridis in Broiler Chickens in Guangdong, China, Reveals Evidence of Cross-Transmission

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1077294/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xuhui Lin ◽

Luyao Xin ◽

Meng Qi ◽

Minyu Hou ◽

Shenquan Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Southern China ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Ssu Rrna ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Zoonotic Risk ◽

Cross Transmission ◽

Health Significance

Abstract Background Cryptosporidium is one of the most prevalent parasites infecting both birds and mammals. To examine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species and evaluate the public health significance of domestic chickens in Guangdong Province, Southern China, we analyzed 1001 fecal samples collected from 43 intensive broiler chicken farms from six distinct geographical regions between June 2020 and March 2021. Methods Individual DNAs were subjected to nested PCR-based amplification and sequencing of the small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA). The 60 kDa glycoprotein gene (pgp60) was performed from all positive SSU rRNA samples to characterise subtypes of C. meleagridis. Results Cryptosporidium infection rates was found to be 13.2%, comprising with infections with C. meleagridis (78/1001, 7.8%), C. baileyi (48/1001, 4.8%) and mixed infections (6/1001, 0.6%). Three subtype families were identified, IIIb, IIIe and IIIg. Six subtypes were identified in broiler chickens, including one novel (IIIgA25G3R1a) and five previously reported (IIIbA23G1R1c, IIIbA24G1R1, IIIbA21G1R1a, IIIeA17G2R1 and IIIeA26G2R1). Within these subtypes, five known subtypes were genetically identical to those identified in humans. Conclusions This is the first report of C. meleagridis in chickens from Guangdong. The frequent occurrence of C. meleagridis in domestic chickens and the common C. meleagridis subtypes identified both in humans and chickens is of public health significance. Our study indicates that broiler chickens represent a potential zoonotic risk for the transmission of Cryptosporidium in this region.

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Is the tuberculin skin test alone accurate in moderate-to-severe BCG vaccinated patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with immunosuppressives to test for latent tuberculosis?

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1376076 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 52 (05) ◽

Author(s):

K Gecse ◽

Z Kürti ◽

B Lovász ◽

Á Szabó ◽

M Mandel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Tuberculin Skin Test ◽

Skin Test ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Comparison of T-cell interferon gamma release assays with the tuberculin skin test for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-seropositive individuals from a country of high tuberculosis prevalence. An interim analysis

Pneumologie ◽

10.1055/s-2008-1074372 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (S 2) ◽

Author(s):

L Leopold ◽

H Mayanja Kizza ◽

J Baseke ◽

C Hirsch ◽

D Goletti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Tuberculin Skin Test ◽

Skin Test ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

Interim Analysis ◽

Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Interferon Gamma Release Assays ◽

Hiv Seropositive ◽

Tuberculosis Prevalence

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Exposure of the Gulf of St. Lawrence grey seal Halichoerus grypus population to potentially zoonotic infectious agents

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 105-118

Author(s):

CC Sauvé ◽

A Hernández-Ortiz ◽

E Jenkins ◽

F Mavrot ◽

A Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Products ◽

Halichoerus Grypus ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Domestic Livestock ◽

Health Significance ◽

Commercial Source ◽

Polymerase Chain

The population of grey seals Halichoerus grypus in Canadian waters is currently used as a commercial source of meat for human consumption. As with domestic livestock, it is important to understand the occurrence in these seals of infectious agents that may be of public health significance and thus ensure appropriate measures are in place to avoid zoonotic transmission. This study examined the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 6 serovars of Leptospira interrogans, and Toxoplasma gondii in 59 grey seals and determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of these potentially zoonotic agents in specific organs and tissues of seropositive animals. The presence of encysted Trichinella spp. larvae was also investigated by digestion of tongue, diaphragm and other muscle samples, but none were detected. Seroprevalence against Brucella spp. and E. rhusiopathiae was low (5 and 3%, respectively). All 59 seals tested had antibodies against L. interrogans, but no carrier of this bacterium was detected by PCR. Seroprevalence against T. gondii was 53%, and DNA of this protozoan was detected by PCR in 11/30 (37%) seropositive animals. Standard sanitary measures mandatory for commercialization of meat products for human consumption should greatly reduce the potential for exposure to these infectious agents. However, special consideration should be given to freezing seal meat for at least 3 d to ensure destruction of tissue cysts of T. gondii.

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