scholarly journals Formative assessment on documentation of pediatric history taking skills by undergraduate medical students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 504-510
Author(s):  
Dr Sangeeta A ◽  
◽  
Dr Arun Kumar T ◽  
Dr Someshwaran R ◽  
Rajeswari Rajeswari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students

scholarly journals Influence of formative assessment on summative assessment in undergraduate medical students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Nazma Begum ◽  
Sakhawat Hossain ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Summative Assessment ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Medical Colleges

This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out to determine the students' view about the influence of formative assessment on summative assessment The study was carried out from July 2009 to June 2010 over 300 intern doctors of Medicine and Paediatrics department of two government and two private medical colleges. Data were collected through self administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included different opinion about the influence of formative assessment on summative assessment and were rated using the 5 point Likert's scale. This study revealed that feedback from formative assessment to the students is important to supplement and modify teaching by the teachers. Students' fear is for summative assessment is reduced by formative assessment Written test, VIVA/SOE and OSCE/OSPE of formative assessment greatly improves the results of summative assessment Students opined that to improve the formative assessment the number of teachers should be increased, teachers should be trained up, teachers should give more time to the students and optimum feedback should be provided to the students. Frequency of formative assessment should remain as it is. Twenty to twenty five percent marks from formative assessment should be added to the summative assessment.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.4(1) 2013: 16-19

The Effect of 360° Virtual Reality versus 2-Dimensional Video Reviews on History Taking and Physical Examination Skills Learning in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ping Chao ◽  
Chung-Jan Kang ◽  
Ming-Ju Hsieh ◽  
Yu-Che Chang ◽  
Tuan-Jen Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Video Review ◽  
Video Group

BACKGROUND History taking and physical examination (H&P) is an important core competency of undergraduate medical education. Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) simulation, lowering the complexity of learning tasks and the cognitive load of the learners, make this novel technology well suited for the initial training of novices. Reduced heart rate variation (HRV) is associated with decreased cognitive efficiency. Whether a 360° VR video review can impact learning outcome, cognitive load, and HRV while learning H&P skills in undergraduate medical students is unknown. OBJECTIVE We explored the effectiveness of 360° VR versus 2-dimensional (2D) video review to learn H&P skills with regards to learning outcome, cognitive load, and HRV. METHODS In 2018, we randomly assigned (1:1) 64 undergraduate medical students to either a 360° VR or 2D video group (matched by age, sex, and cognitive style) with allocation concealment to learn H&P skills using VR headsets and controllers. Subsequently, the participants each performed a focused H&P with a real outpatient. Two raters used the Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) and Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) questionnaires to assess the participants’ performance blindly. The Cognitive Load Component questionnaire and a portable electrocardiogram monitor were used to measure cognitive load and HRV, respectively. RESULTS All participants completed the study (mean age=24.2 years, standard deviation=0.9 years; 44 [69%] males and 20 [31%] females). The physical examination and student’s satisfaction scores (Mini-CEX), total DOPS score, total and intrinsic cognitive load scores, and standard deviation of normal to normal R-R intervals in the 360° VR video group were significantly higher than those in the 2D video group (effect size=0.63, 0.56, 0.72, 0.53, 0.67, and 0.52, respectively). Differences in the other aspects of the Mini-CEX and cognitive loads of both groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a high level of evidence to confirm that 360° VR video review can help undergraduate medical students to perform fundamental H&P skills as effectively as traditional 2D video review. Furthermore, a 360° VR video review could be used to more efficiently examine the body of a real patient with higher learner’s satisfaction. These findings may inspire the design of 360° VR video-based training protocols to enhance competencies other than history taking. CLINICALTRIAL Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03501641; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03501641 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/72f59ImWm)

scholarly journals Medical students’ perception of the reliability, usefulness and feasibility of unproctored online formative assessment tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
S. Snekalatha ◽  
S. Mohamed Marzuk ◽  
Swapnatai. A. Meshram ◽  
K. Uma Maheswari ◽  
G. Sugapriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Formative Assessments ◽  
Online Assessment ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Online Tests

Medical education has gone online because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Formative assessment is essential to facilitate the learning process in medical education. However, various challenges arise during online assessment, which include reliability, when done without monitoring and practical concerns like Internet connectivity issues. This study was done to assess the medical students’ perceptions of the reliability, usefulness, and practical challenges of online tests. One hundred first-year undergraduate medical students taking up online classes and tests in the subject of physiology were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire with items regarding practical challenges, reliability, and usefulness of the online tests, in general, and about different types of online assessment methods, in particular, were sent to the students online. Each item was rated on a five-point Likert scale, and the responses were analyzed anonymously. A large percentage of students used mobile phones (81.4%) to undertake online tests. Although most students (73.2%; P < 0.001) felt that online tests helped them substantially in learning the subject, network connectivity issues were considered to be a matter of serious concern (85.5%, P < 0.001). Among the assessment methods used, viva voce by video conferencing was thought to be most reliable (83%, P < 0.001). Multiple-choice question-based assessment when done online was felt to be more practically feasible with faster feedback than classroom assessment. The results of the study suggest that medical students find online formative assessments helpful for their learning, despite their concerns about reliability and practical challenges.

scholarly journals Using a 360° Virtual Reality or 2D Video to Learn History Taking and Physical Examination Skills for Undergraduate Medical Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/13124 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e13124
Author(s):  
Yi-Ping Chao ◽  
Hai-Hua Chuang ◽  
Li-Jen Hsin ◽  
Chung-Jan Kang ◽  
Tuan-Jen Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Video Group ◽  
Video Module

Background Learning through a 360° virtual reality (VR) or 2D video represents an alternative way to learn a complex medical education task. However, there is currently no consensus on how best to assess the effects of different learning materials on cognitive load estimates, heart rate variability (HRV), outcomes, and experience in learning history taking and physical examination (H&P) skills. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how learning materials (ie, VR or 2D video) impact learning outcomes and experience through changes in cognitive load estimates and HRV for learning H&P skills. Methods This pilot system–design study included 32 undergraduate medical students at an academic teaching hospital. The students were randomly assigned, with a 1:1 allocation, to a 360° VR video group or a 2D video group, matched by age, sex, and cognitive style. The contents of both videos were different with regard to visual angle and self-determination. Learning outcomes were evaluated using the Milestone reporting form. Subjective and objective cognitive loads were estimated using the Paas Cognitive Load Scale, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index, and secondary-task reaction time. Cardiac autonomic function was assessed using HRV measurements. Learning experience was assessed using the AttrakDiff2 questionnaire and qualitative feedback. Statistical significance was accepted at a two-sided P value of <.01. Results All 32 participants received the intended intervention. The sample consisted of 20 (63%) males and 12 (38%) females, with a median age of 24 (IQR 23-25) years. The 360° VR video group seemed to have a higher Milestone level than the 2D video group (P=.04). The reaction time at the 10th minute in the 360° VR video group was significantly higher than that in the 2D video group (P<.001). Multiple logistic regression models of the overall cohort showed that the 360° VR video module was independently and positively associated with a reaction time at the 10th minute of ≥3.6 seconds (exp B=18.8, 95% CI 3.2-110.8; P=.001) and a Milestone level of ≥3 (exp B=15.0, 95% CI 2.3-99.6; P=.005). However, a reaction time at the 10th minute of ≥3.6 seconds was not related to a Milestone level of ≥3. A low-frequency to high-frequency ratio between the 5th and 10th minute of ≥1.43 seemed to be inversely associated with a hedonic stimulation score of ≥2.0 (exp B=0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.68; P=.015) after adjusting for video module. The main qualitative feedback indicated that the 360° VR video module was fun but caused mild dizziness, whereas the 2D video module was easy to follow but tedious. Conclusions Our preliminary results showed that 360° VR video learning may be associated with a better Milestone level than 2D video learning, and that this did not seem to be related to cognitive load estimates or HRV indexes in the novice learners. Of note, an increase in sympathovagal balance may have been associated with a lower hedonic stimulation score, which may have met the learners’ needs and prompted learning through the different video modules. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03501641; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03501641

scholarly journals Assessing clinical reasoning in undergraduate medical students during history taking with an empirically derived scale for clinical reasoning indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Fürstenberg ◽  
Tillmann Helm ◽  
Sarah Prediger ◽  
Martina Kadmon ◽  
Pascal O. Berberat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Biomedical Knowledge

Abstract Background The clinical reasoning process, which requires biomedical knowledge, knowledge about problem-solving strategies, and knowledge about reasons for diagnostic procedures, is a key element of physicians’ daily practice but difficult to assess. The aim of this study was to empirically develop a Clinical Reasoning Indicators-History Taking-Scale (CRI-HT-S) and to assess the clinical reasoning ability of advanced medical students during a simulation involving history taking. Methods The Clinical Reasoning Indictors-History Taking-Scale (CRI-HT-S) including a 5-point Likert scale for assessment was designed from clinical reasoning indicators identified in a qualitative study in 2017. To assess indicators of clinical reasoning ability, 65 advanced medical students (semester 10, n = 25 versus final year, n = 40) from three medical schools participated in a 360-degree competence assessment in the role of beginning residents during a simulated first workday in hospital. This assessment included a consultation hour with five simulated patients which was videotaped. Videos of 325 patient consultations were assessed using the CRI-HT-S. A factor analysis was conducted and the students’ results were compared according to their advancement in undergraduate medical training. Results The clinical reasoning indicators of the CRI-HT-S loaded on three factors relevant for clinical reasoning: 1) focusing questions, 2) creating context, and 3) securing information. Students reached significantly different scores (p < .001) for the three factors (factor 1: 4.07 ± .47, factor 2: 3.72 ± .43, factor 3: 2.79 ± .83). Students in semester 10 reached significantly lower scores for factor 3 than students in their final year (p < .05). Conclusions The newly developed CRI-HT-S worked well for quantitative assessment of clinical reasoning indicators during history taking. Its three-factored structure helped to explore different aspects of clinical reasoning. Whether the CRI-HT-S has the potential to be used as a scale in objective structured clinical examinations (OCSEs) or in workplace-based assessments of clinical reasoning has to be investigated in further studies with larger student cohorts.

scholarly journals Trends of undergoing formative assessment in undergraduate medical students

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Azam ◽  
Abida Shaheen ◽  
Khurram Irshad ◽  
Nismat Javed ◽  
Madiha Ata
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Summative Assessment ◽  
Formative Assessments ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Online Formative Assessment ◽  
Online Formative Assessments ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Medical curriculum is always subject to new strategies to ensure effective delivery of learning material. Online formative assessments are gaining popularity over conventional paper based formative assessments due to recent advances in technology and increasing familiarity of students with computer-based examinations. With this background, objectives of this study were to explore trends of computer based formative assessment in undergraduate medical students and to investigate the impact of online formative assessments on summative assessment scores. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 medical students from 3rd year in November 2016 and July 2017. The data was collected using SPSS software and analyzed by T-tests and descriptive tables. Results: The mean summative score of students who took an online formative assessment in a module was significantly higher compared to mean score of students who did not take formative assessment. Mean summative score of another group of students who took an online formative assessment in a different module was statistically different than mean score of students who did not take formative assessment (p- Value = 0.00). Conclusion: Online formative assessment is an effective tool for improving student’s performance in the summative assessment.

scholarly journals Feedback on Formative Assessments in Undergraduate Medical Education of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Kazi Khairul Alam ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Begum ◽  
Tahmina Nargis ◽  
Md Faruque
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Formative Assessments ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Assessment Feedback ◽  
Giving Feedback

The study was conducted to examine the extent and methods of giving feedback by teachers after the formative assessments to the undergraduate medical students of Bangladesh.This descriptive study was conducted in four purposively selected medical colleges of Dhaka. Views of 174 teachers and 332 students were collected through self-administered semi-structured questionnaires for this purpose.It was found that majority of the teachers perceived that through feedback students find out their weaknesses and thereby can perform better in future. It was also found that feedback was not given in most of the cases by the teachers to their students. The methods of giving feedback were not perfect all together.To ensure feedback after the formative assessments teachers should be motivated and trained up and it should be mentioned in the curriculum that feedback is mandatory. Key words: Formative assessment; Feedback; Medical education of Bangladesh; Assessments in medical education; Undergraduate curriculum Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v25i1.5741Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 25(1&2) : 18-22

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