scholarly journals Tissular Distribution of Argentinean Strains of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4 (BoHV-4) in Experimentally-Infected Calves

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Pedro Edgardo Morán ◽  
Sandra Elizabet Pérez ◽  
Jorge Pablo García ◽  
Alejandra Nelly Cristina Castro ◽  
Lucas Maximiliano Spetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Herpesvirus Type

Although bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) is primarily associated with reproductive disorders of cattle, it can produce a variety of clinical signs. To determine the distribution, the presence and type of microscopic lesions caused by BoHV-4 strains of different genotypes an in vivo model, calves were infected with three phylogenetically different Argentinean BoHV-4 strains. Samples from nasal and ocular secretions, peripheral blood leukocytes, tissues and serum were analyzed. BoHV-4 was isolated from nasal and ocular secretions at 7 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). Viral DNA was detected by nested PCR in peripheral blood leukocytes at 14 and 21 dpi for two out of three strains and in tissues, such as nervous system, trachea, pulmonary and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, spleen and kidney, at 21 dpi. Antibody levels detected by viral seroneutralization test were mostly low and varied widely for the different strains. The tissue distribution of the BoHV-4 strains and the variations observed in the levels of neutralizing anti-bodies indicate that certain differences can be established among the patterns of biological behavior of each strain. This is an initial step to get insight into the biological characteristics of Argentinean BoHV-4 isolates. However, further evaluation involving a higher number of inoculated animals will be required to be conclusive on this aspect.

Latency of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) in tonsils and peripheral blood leukocytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Favier ◽  
M.S. Marin ◽  
P.E. Morán ◽  
A.C. Odeón ◽  
A.E. Verna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5

Detection and characterization of apoptotic peripheral blood lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus infection and cancer chemotherapy by a novel flow immunocytometric method

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1268-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Carbonari ◽  
M Cibati ◽  
M Cherchi ◽  
D Sbarigia ◽  
AM Pesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

We have developed a quantitative and sensitive flow cytometric method for the detection of human apoptotic lymphocytes that, unlike previously described assays, allows their identification in mixed populations of peripheral blood leukocytes as well as their immunophenotyping. Apoptotic lymphocytes are identified on the basis of peculiar light scatter changes, reflecting their smaller size and their modified nucleus/cytoplasm organization, and of the decreased expression of surface CD45 molecules. Based on these criteria, apoptotic lymphocytes generated by exposure to ionizing radiation can be easily distinguished from viable cells and from necrotic lymphocytes generated by treatment with antibody and complement. Using this assay, we reappraised the phenomenon of the in vitro apoptosis of lymphocytes from patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Lymphocytes from HIV patients, unlike those from normal HIV-negative subjects, undergo apoptosis upon simple in vitro culture. We found that the percentages of lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis were significantly higher in patients with low CD4 cell counts (< 400/microL) than in patients at earlier stages (> 400 CD4 cells/microL). However, phenotypic analysis disclosed that apoptotic lymphocytes generated in these cultures were mostly CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. Thus, in contrast to what has been previously suggested, the phenomenon of in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis might not be pathogenetically related to the depletion of CD4+ T cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Nevertheless, it might represent an useful marker of disease progression. Our assay allows the analysis of unfractionated peripheral blood leukocytes and thus the identification of apoptotic lymphocytes circulating in vivo. Apoptotic lymphocytes could indeed be detected in the circulation of a patient with cancer shortly after high-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy. By contrast, no apoptotic lymphocytes could be detected in vivo in patients with early or advanced HIV infection.

scholarly journals Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Synthetic Leu-Enkephalin Dalargin on Rat Leukocytes in Cold Stress Model in Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Ivan Shcheniavsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
The Impact

In this research, a protective effect of synthetic analogue of leu-enkephalin dalargin on peripheral blood leukocytes of cold stress-exposed homeotherms has been investigated. The impact of this peptide and in vivo cold stress on cell composition of leukoconcentrate, leukocyte viability and DNA fragmentation degree in rat leukocytes, has been studied by using confocal microscopy. A decreased relative count of lymphocytes and an increased neutrophil one were established as significantly less pronounced in the animals injected with dalargin before cooling, than in non-handled ones. The dalargin administration was also shown to enhance the viability of peripheral blood leukocytes in rats exposed to cold stress. Preliminary administration of dalargin to animals significantly reduced both the degree of DNA fragmentation and a relative count of leukocytes with fragmented DNA in peripheral blood. Simultaneous introduction of opioid receptor antagonist naloxone to animals eliminated a protective effect of opioid receptor agonist dalargin. Our findings demonstrated the opioid receptor-mediated antiapoptotic effect of dalargin on peripheral blood leukocytes under in vivo cold stress.

scholarly journals Comparative pathogenicity of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subtypes 1 (BHV-1.1) and 2a (BHV-1.2a)

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Paulo Augusto Esteves ◽  
Marcelo de Lima ◽  
Ana Cláudia Franco ◽  
Cláudio Chiminazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Significant Difference

The study aimed to examine the capacity of two bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) isolates of different subtypes (EVI 123/96, BHV-1.1; SV265/98, BHV-1.2a) to induce respiratory disease in calves. These two isolates are representative of the BHV-1 subtypes prevalent in Brazil. Viral subtypes were confirmed by monoclonal antibody analysis and by restriction enzyme digestion of viral genomes. The viruses were inoculated intranasally into seven 3 months old calves (four with BHV-1.1, three with BHV-1.2a). Three other calves of identical age and condition were kept as uninfected controls. In both groups of infected calves, the clinical signs observed were consistent with typical infectious bovine rhinothracheitis (IBR), including pyrexia, apathy, anorexia, nasal and ocular mucopurulent discharges, erosions on the nasal mucosa, conjunctivitis, lachrymation, redness of nasal mucosa, dyspnoea, coughing, tracheal stridor and enlargement of retropharingeal, submandibular and cervical lymphnodes. No significant differences were observed between the clinical scores attributed to both groups. Virus shedding in nasal and ocular secretions were also similar, apart from a significant difference in nasal virus shedding on day 1 to 3 post-inoculation, which was higher for BHV-1.1 than for BHV-1.2a. Following corticosteroid induced reactivation of the latent infection, recrudescence of clinical signs was also observed, with no significant differences on both groups. It was concluded that both subtypes BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2a were able to induce clinically undistinguishable respiratory disease in calves, either subsequent to a primary infection or following reactivation.

scholarly journals In vivo endotoxin synchronizes and suppresses clock gene expression in human peripheral blood leukocytes*

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Haimovich ◽  
Jacqueline Calvano ◽  
Adrian D. Haimovich ◽  
Steve E. Calvano ◽  
Susette M. Coyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Clock Gene Expression

scholarly journals EHV-1 gene63 is not essential for in vivo replication in horses and mice, nor does it affect reactivation in the horse: Short Communication

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
J. Iqbal ◽  
A. S. Purewal ◽  
N. Edington
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Nasal Swabs

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of immediate early gene (gene63) in the pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) acute and latent infections in equine and murine models. EHV-1 gene63 mutant virus (g63mut) along with EHV-1 (Ab4) was used for intracerebral and intranasal infection of 3 and 17-day-old mice. Both viruses were recovered at the same frequency from tissues after infection. Two Welsh ponies were infected via the intranasal route with each of the viruses. Acute infection was monitored by virus isolation from nasal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes. Six weeks post infection, peripheral blood leukocytes were taken from ponies and in vitro reactivation was positive for both viruses. At autopsy, both viruses were isolated by co-cultivation from bronchial and submandibular lymph nodes. These findings indicate that the mutation of EHV-1 gene63 does not play a role in the establishment and reactivation from latency.

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