scholarly journals Diagnóstico de Babesia bovis (Babesiidae) y Babesia bigemina (Babesiidae) en garrapatas recolectadas en los municipios Turbo y Necoclí (Antioquia) en 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (111) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Juliana González Obando ◽  
Andrés Felipe Holguín Rocha ◽  
Alberto Tobón Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Babesia Spp

La babesiosis afecta principalmente a bovinos y humanos; en su transmisión están implicadas las garrapatas, particularmente Rhipicephalus microplus, especie distribuida ampliamente en Latinoamérica. El método diagnóstico utilizado para determinar la presencia de Babesia spp. en garrapatas es la microscopía de hemolinfa, diagnóstico menos sensible que la PCR, la cual tiene una sensibilidad entre 95%–100% y una especificidad del 100%. En Colombia, zonas como la Costa Atlántica, el Bajo Cauca y Urabá son ecológicamente aptas para la presencia del parásito y del vector, considerando que se han registrado garrapatas de los géneros Dermacentor, Amblyomma y Rhipicephalus, implicadas en la transmisión de diversos patógenos de interés médico y veterinario. El estudio de la dinámica de transmisión por garrapatas es esencial para la elaboración de estrategias de control adecuadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las especies de garrapatas presentes en predios ganaderos de la región de Urabá (Colombia) y su frecuencia de infección por Babesia bovis y B. bigemina. Se muestrearon 202 bovinos, en 30 predios de 15 localidades de los municipios Turbo y Necoclí. Se recolectaron 515 garrapatas; la especie predominante fue R. microplus 98% (507/515); la presencia del género Amblyomma estuvo asociada a predios aledaños de zonas boscosas. La frecuencia de infección en 162 subconjuntos de garrapatas (154 de R. microplus y 8 especímenes de A. cajennense) fue 18,5% (30/162), 15,4% (25/162) por B. bigemina, 4,9% (8/162) por B. bovis y 1,8% (3/162) de coinfección por estas especies. 

scholarly journals Evaluación de la expresión de la hebraina de Rhipicephalus microplus en respuesta a la infección por Anaplasma marginale y Staphylococcus saprophyticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (52) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
José Hugo Aguilar Díaz ◽  
Karina Salazar-Morales ◽  
Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda ◽  
Estefhan Miranda-Miranda ◽  
Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Con A ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus ◽  
Para Determinar

La garrapata R. microplus, es la especie de mayor incidencia económica y sanitaria debido a su capacidad expoliativa y vectorial de transmisión de agentes infecciosos como Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis y Anaplasma marginale. En este sentido, R. microplus, posee una amplia variedad de mecanismos inmunológicos de protección, incluyendo la producción de péptidos antimicrobianos. Al momento, existen escasos reportes del papel del sistema inmune de R. microplus, ante la exposición con bacterias patógenas. Por lo anterior, este trabajo pretende caracterizar algunos de los mecanismos inmunológicos involucrados en la interacción patógeno-vector, asociados a la respuesta inmune de R. microplus durante la infección con Staphylococcus saprophyticus y Anaplasma marginale. Nuestros resultados, muestran la expresión de la hebraina en presencia de hemolinfa de garrapatas infectadas con A. marginale y en hemolinfa de garrapatas intactas, pero ausente en hemolinfa obtenida de garrapatas infectadas con S. saprophyticus. Interesantemente, la predicción de la estructura terciaria, basada en la secuencia de la hebraina, revela un acomodo estructural con 6 residuos conservados de cisteínas similar al reportado para los péptidos de la familia de las defensinas. Los análisis filogenéticos para determinar las distancias evolutivas, muestran la secuencia de la hebraina de R. microplus como un grupo monofilético, dentro de un clado que comparte con otras especies de garrapatas del género Rhipicephalus. Estos hallazgos, corroboran la idea de la alta plasticidad que presenta la respuesta inmune de los artrópodos, dependiente del patógeno. El avance en el conocimiento de la biología de R. microplus, contribuye al descubrimiento de blancos, para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos y/o vacunas para el control integrado de plagas.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of cattle ticks in Burundi: First report on the presence of the invasive Rhipicephalus microplus tick

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261218
Author(s):  
Lionel Nyabongo ◽  
David O. Odongo ◽  
Gad Milton ◽  
Eunice Machuka ◽  
Patrick Vudriko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Agroecological Zones

A recent research study on prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Burundi reported high prevalence and endemicity of Theileria parva, Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina infections in cattle. Detailed information about tick species infesting animals, their distribution and genetic diversity in Burundi is outdated and limited. This study therefore assessed the prevalence and genetic diversity of tick species infesting cattle across agroecological zones (AEZs) in Burundi. A cross-sectional study on the occurrence of tick species was conducted in 24 districts of Burundi between October and December 2017. Differential identification and characterization of ticks collected was conducted using tick morphological keys and molecular tools (cox1 and 12S rRNA gene). Chi-square test was used to test for association between agroecological zones and the prevalence of tick species. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using bayesian and maximum likelihood algorithms. A total of 483 ticks were collected from the five AEZs sampled. Six tick species comprising of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. sanguineus, R. evertsi evertsi, R. microplus, R. decoloratus and Amblyomma variegatum were observed. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were the most prevalent ticks (~45%). A total of 138 specimens (28%) were found to be Rhipicephalus microplus, suggesting an emerging threat for cattle farmers. Twelve R. appendiculatus cox1 haplotypes were obtained from 106 specimens that were sequenced. Two cox1 haplotypes of R. microplus which clustered into previously reported Clade A were observed. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and R. evertsi evertsi ticks, the vectors of numerous zoonotic pathogens, were collected from cattle, which constitute a high risk for public health. These findings reveal an overlapping distribution of tick vectors in Burundi. The design of ticks and tick-borne diseases control strategies should consider the distribution of different vectors across the AEZs particularly the presence of the highly invasive R. microplus tick in Burundi and the potential risk of introducing the pathogenic Babesia bovis.

scholarly journals qPCR estimates of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection levels in beef cattle and Rhipicephalus microplus larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Giglioti ◽  
Henrique Nunes de Oliveira ◽  
Cintia Hiromi Okino ◽  
Márcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina

scholarly journals Detection of Babesia spp. in High Altitude Cattle in Ecuador, Possible Evidence of the Adaptation of Vectors and Diseases to New Climatic Conditions

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
María A. Chávez-Larrea ◽  
Cristina Cholota-Iza ◽  
Viviana Medina-Naranjo ◽  
Michelle Yugcha-Díaz ◽  
Jorge Ron-Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Species ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Babesia Spp

Background: Babesia species are intraerythrocytic protozoa, distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, causing anemic diseases in many animals, including cattle. This disease, called babesisosis, is transmitted from one animal to another through ticks (Tick Borne-Disease or TBD). On the other hand, Ecuador has a tropical climate that allows the development of the vector Rhipicephalus microplus, and therefore favors the transmission of Babesia spp. in cattle. Methods and principal findings: We determined the presence of Babesia spp. by PCR using 18s ribosomal gene as target (18s PCR) in 20 farms in the area of El Carmen (zone below 300 m above sea level) and 1 farm in Quito (2469 m.a.s.l.). In addition, we analyzed parameters such as age, sex, and packed cell volume (PCV) as explanatory variable associated with the disease. Results: The 18s PCR test showed that 18.94% (14.77% Babesia bovis and 4.17% Babesia bigemina) and 20.28% (14.69% B. bovis and 5.59% B. bigemina) of the cattle were positive for Babesia spp in farms sampled in El Carmen and in Quito, respectively. Age influenced the presence of animals positive for Babesia spp., but sex and PCV did not. The phylogenetic analysis of sequences showed 4 isolates of B. bovis and 3 isolates of B. bigemina in the 2 study zones, with similarities between 99.73 and 100% with other sequences. One B. bovis isolate was similar in the zone of El Carmen and Quito. Conclusion and significance: This work is the first molecular characterization of B. bigemina and B. bovis in Ecuador, and it is also the first evidence of Babesia spp. in cattle in the area of Quito at an altitude of 2469 m.a.s.l., being the highest altitude reported for animals with babesiosis and for the tick R. microplus. Climatic factors as well as mobility of tick-carrying animals without any control allow the presence of Babesiosis outbreaks in new geographical areas.

scholarly journals Efficient Transovarial Transmission of Babesia Spp. in Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks Fed on Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Dasiel Obregón ◽  
Belkis Corona-González ◽  
Adrian Alberto Díaz-Sánchez ◽  
Yasmani Armas ◽  
Eugenio Roque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Babesia Spp

Water buffaloes can be infected by tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in endemic areas where cattle and buffalo coexist. Among TBPs affecting buffaloes is the Apicomplexan hemoparasites Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, transmitted by Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. However, little empirical evidence exists on whether buffalo can support TBPs’ infection and transmission. A cohort study was designed to measure the infestation levels of R. microplus in buffaloes as well as the ability of buffalo-fed ticks to transmit B. bovis and B. bigemina to their offspring. Tick infestation of different life stages was quantified in cattle and buffalo kept in field conditions in western Cuba. Engorged adult female ticks were allowed to lay eggs in controlled conditions of humidity and temperature, and reproductive parameters were measured and analyzed. Hosts and tick larvae were tested for the presence of Babesia spp. using species-specific qPCR assays. Tick infestation was not observed in adult buffaloes. However, buffalo and cattle calves were equally infested, although the larval survival rate was higher in cattle calves than in buffalo calves. All larval pools (31) obtained from the adult female ticks were positive for B. bovis, whereas only 68% (21/31) was positive for B. bigemina. Among the 10 larval pools negative for B. bigemina, three proceeded from adult females fed on Babesia-negative buffaloes. The other seven pools were from Babesia-positive animals, three from cattle and four from buffalo calves. Babesia infection levels in tick larvae, quantified by qPCR, were similar in female ticks fed on buffalo and bovine calves. We conclude that water buffalo can sustain tick vector populations and support Babesia infection in levels high enough as to be infective for ticks. Our results also validated the hypothesis that adult female ticks fed on buffalo can transmit the pathogens B. bovis and B. bigemina to their offspring. Nevertheless, further laboratory studies are needed to address the question of whether the transovarial transmission of Babesia occurs in the following settings: (1) When adult females are infected previous to the feeding on the buffalo or/and (2) when the adult females acquire the infection while feeding on the buffalo.

scholarly journals Dynamics of natural infection by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in dairy cattle from an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Leite Souza ◽  
Alexandra de Siqueira Cajado Liarte ◽  
Karina Neoob de Carvalho Castro ◽  
Eduardo Esmeraldo Augusto Beserra ◽  
Jéssica Cristianne Mazer Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Babesia Spp

Abstract This study aimed to determine the dynamics of natural infection in the transmission of Babesia spp. to cattle in an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 30 calves located on two dairy farms to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and the timing of the primo-infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their association with climatic factors and management practices. On Farm A, the determination of primo-infection was observed on average at 249.4 (±24.42) days of age for B. bigemina and at 252.6 (±17.07) days of age for B. bovis; there was no significant difference between the times of infection (P> 0.05). The infection coincided with a period of high rainfall in the region. On Farm B, primo-infection infection was not observed. There was no infection by Babesia spp. on Farm B due to the intensive use of acaricides that led to an absence of ticks. There was no significant difference between the average PCV of animals from Farms A and B (P> 0.05). The management practices on the properties, in addition to the weather conditions influenced the exposure of the animals to disease vectors and may have contributed to the maintenance of this enzootic area in Northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Os desafios do complexo da tristeza parasitária bovina – TPB

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e58010616148
Author(s):  
Mariah Oliveira Costa ◽  
Monique Resende Carvalho ◽  
Lianna Ghisi Gomes ◽  
Matias Bassinello Stocco ◽  
Paulo Roberto Spiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina

Este artigo apresenta os principais desafios do complexo da Tristeza Parasitária Bovina (TPB), a partir de revisão literária sobre o tema. A TPB é um complexo de enfermidades causadas pelos protozoários Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina combinados com a bactéria Anaplasma marginale, os quais são transmitidos pelo vetor Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (carrapato-do-boi) ao seu hospedeiro bovino, impactando negativamente a saúde do animal e acarretando milhões de prejuízos à economia rural, seja no combate e controle do parasito, ou em gastos com medicamentos, de acordo com dados do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), e do IBGE. Os principais métodos de controle e tratamento às doenças causadas por B. bovis, B. bigemina e A. marginale, atualmente, se resumem no combate ao vetor com aplicação de produtos químicos, como os acaricidas, aos animais contaminados. Entretanto, os desafios desse método residem na prática de aplicação em sequência e com frequência desses produtos químicos na população bovina, o que provoca, geralmente, a configuração de carrapatos multirresistentes aos agentes químicos. Diversos estudos têm mostrado pequenos resultados com tratamentos homeopáticos e rotação de pastagem, tratamentos alternativos para o combate ao parasito Rhipicephalus microplus. Em 2020, o MAPA lançou obra orientativa com a metodologia Tratamento Bovino Seletivo (TBS), cujo objetivo é acompanhar caso a caso a população bovina contaminada para se fazer o processo seletivo dos animais, de modo que os animais doentes são tratados. Para garantir êxito, oferece-se o Programa de Controle Seletivo do Carrapato Bovino (PCSCB), criado pela Universidade Federal do Paraná.

scholarly journals Asociación de los alelos del gen BoLA-DRB3 con la infección natural de Babesia spp en el ganado criollo Hartón del Valle

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (253) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bolaños ◽  
D. Hernandez ◽  
L. Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Babesia Spp

En 191 individuos de la raza bovina criolla Hartón del Valle, se evaluó la infección por los protozoarios Babesia bovis y Babesia bigemina mediante PCR convencional, los polimorfismos del gen BoLA-DRB3,2* mediante PCR-SBT y la asociación entre ambos (Odds Ratio, OR). Los alelos fueron categorizados según su asociación en resistentes (R), susceptibles (S) o neutrales (N) a la infección y los individuos genotipados según la clasificación de sus alelos como: N/N, N/R, N/S, R/R, R/S y S/S. Ningún animal fue positivo a la infección por B. bovis y por tanto no se realizaron estimaciones de asociación. La infección con B. bigemina fue del 13,1%. Se encontraron 36 alelos BoLA-DRB3,2, los más frecuentes fueron el *1101 (0,196), *20012 (0,097), *2006 (0,053) y *2703 (0,053). Se encontró una asociación positiva (p

scholarly journals Influencia de la infección subclínica por agentes de la fiebre por garrapatas en vacas lecheras

2016 ◽  
pp. 5490-5499
Author(s):  
Rafael Pazinato ◽  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Vanderlei Klauck ◽  
Willian M. Radavelli ◽  
Jhonatan P. Boito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Para Determinar

RESUMENObjetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la infección subclínica por agentes de la fiebre por garrapatas en el ganado lechero en producción de leche, la composición y calidad. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en una finca privada con 75 vacas lecheras alojadas-libre puesto, y de estas se evaluaron 37. Se recogieron muestras de leche individuales mensuales para determinar la composición (grasa, lactosa, proteína y sólidos totales) y la calidad (recuento de células somáticas (SCC)). Además, se recogieron muestras de sangre para identificar vacas que fueron negativas a fiebre de garrapatas y positivos por PCR para uno o más de los siguientes agentes etiológicos: Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina y Anaplasma marginale. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron un aumento de SCC en los animales positivos, al menos para uno de los agentes cuando se comparó con vacas no infectadas (p<0.05). La producción de leche fue significativamente menor en A. marginale animales positivos (p<0.05). Un aumento de aproximadamente el 40% en el contenido de sólidos de la leche fue encontrado en vacas positivas a B. bovis. También, un incremento de aproximadamente el 23% de la lactosa se encontró en vacas positivas para B. bigemina. Conclusiones. Se puede concluir que la presencia de al menos uno de estos parásitos en el ganado lechero afecta composición o calidad de su leche.

scholarly journals Frequência de Babesia spp. em bezerras holandesas no município de Patos de Minas - MG / Babesia spp. occurance in holstine calves in Patos de Minas - MG

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5782-5791
Author(s):  
Clelio de Souza Machado Neto ◽  
Alice Pratas Glycerio De Freitas ◽  
Dalton Cesar Rigueira Milagres
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Babesia Spp

 As babesioses bovinas tratam-se de doenças parasitárias causadas por Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina, sendo que o único vetor biológico é o carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. O aspecto mais relevante da patogenicidade desse agente reside na anemia grave, ocasionando um alto índice de morbimortalidade nos rebanhos, além de queda da produção de leite e carne, abortos, redução de fertilidade, entre outros prejuízos. A raça holandesa tem origem nos países baixos europeus e tem sido evidenciada como uma das principais raças leiteiras entre as bovinas, sendo expandida a criação da mesma em quase todos os continentes. Todas as raças bovinas são suscetíveis à Babesia spp., mas o Bos indicus apresenta maior resistência do que o Bos taurus. O Brasil é considerado como um país enzoótico para a Babesiose devido à constante transmissão dos agentes. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é determinar a prevalência de infecção por Babesia bovis em bezerras da raça Holandesa no município de Patos de Minas, MG, através da análise de esfregaços de sangue periférico. O estudo foi realizado em 10 (dez) propriedades de rebanho leiteiro da raça Holandesa (HPB), no período de julho de 2016. Foram avaliadas bezerras entre 90 e 270 dias, utilizando-se amostras de sangue periférico de 160 animais destas propriedades. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que (46%) dos animais foram considerados infectados por Babesia spp., confirmando a presença deste hemoparasito no município Patos de Minas, MG.

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