scholarly journals Dynamics of natural infection by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in dairy cattle from an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Leite Souza ◽  
Alexandra de Siqueira Cajado Liarte ◽  
Karina Neoob de Carvalho Castro ◽  
Eduardo Esmeraldo Augusto Beserra ◽  
Jéssica Cristianne Mazer Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Babesia Spp

Abstract This study aimed to determine the dynamics of natural infection in the transmission of Babesia spp. to cattle in an enzootic instability area in Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 30 calves located on two dairy farms to determine the packed cell volume (PCV) and the timing of the primo-infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their association with climatic factors and management practices. On Farm A, the determination of primo-infection was observed on average at 249.4 (±24.42) days of age for B. bigemina and at 252.6 (±17.07) days of age for B. bovis; there was no significant difference between the times of infection (P> 0.05). The infection coincided with a period of high rainfall in the region. On Farm B, primo-infection infection was not observed. There was no infection by Babesia spp. on Farm B due to the intensive use of acaricides that led to an absence of ticks. There was no significant difference between the average PCV of animals from Farms A and B (P> 0.05). The management practices on the properties, in addition to the weather conditions influenced the exposure of the animals to disease vectors and may have contributed to the maintenance of this enzootic area in Northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Detection of Babesia spp. in High Altitude Cattle in Ecuador, Possible Evidence of the Adaptation of Vectors and Diseases to New Climatic Conditions

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
María A. Chávez-Larrea ◽  
Cristina Cholota-Iza ◽  
Viviana Medina-Naranjo ◽  
Michelle Yugcha-Díaz ◽  
Jorge Ron-Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Species ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Babesia Spp

Background: Babesia species are intraerythrocytic protozoa, distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, causing anemic diseases in many animals, including cattle. This disease, called babesisosis, is transmitted from one animal to another through ticks (Tick Borne-Disease or TBD). On the other hand, Ecuador has a tropical climate that allows the development of the vector Rhipicephalus microplus, and therefore favors the transmission of Babesia spp. in cattle. Methods and principal findings: We determined the presence of Babesia spp. by PCR using 18s ribosomal gene as target (18s PCR) in 20 farms in the area of El Carmen (zone below 300 m above sea level) and 1 farm in Quito (2469 m.a.s.l.). In addition, we analyzed parameters such as age, sex, and packed cell volume (PCV) as explanatory variable associated with the disease. Results: The 18s PCR test showed that 18.94% (14.77% Babesia bovis and 4.17% Babesia bigemina) and 20.28% (14.69% B. bovis and 5.59% B. bigemina) of the cattle were positive for Babesia spp in farms sampled in El Carmen and in Quito, respectively. Age influenced the presence of animals positive for Babesia spp., but sex and PCV did not. The phylogenetic analysis of sequences showed 4 isolates of B. bovis and 3 isolates of B. bigemina in the 2 study zones, with similarities between 99.73 and 100% with other sequences. One B. bovis isolate was similar in the zone of El Carmen and Quito. Conclusion and significance: This work is the first molecular characterization of B. bigemina and B. bovis in Ecuador, and it is also the first evidence of Babesia spp. in cattle in the area of Quito at an altitude of 2469 m.a.s.l., being the highest altitude reported for animals with babesiosis and for the tick R. microplus. Climatic factors as well as mobility of tick-carrying animals without any control allow the presence of Babesiosis outbreaks in new geographical areas.

scholarly journals Babesiosis and anaplasmosis in dairy cattle in Northeastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de A.L. Souza ◽  
Juliana F.V. Braga ◽  
Lidiany V. Pires ◽  
Ciro J.S. de Carvalho ◽  
Érica A. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Babesia Spp

The goal of this study was to characterize the epidemiological situation and the factors involved in the prevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in the dairy basin of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. The study was conducted in 22 farms, and collected blood samples from 202 cattle to study serological, molecular and determination of the packed cell volume (PCV). On the farms were applied surveys involving epidemiological aspects. Seroprevalence rates were: Babesia bigemina 52.5%, B. bovis 68.8%, and Anaplasma marginale 89.1%. Of the samples analyzed, 73.3% were reactive for Babesia spp. and A. marginale, showing co-infection. In PCR, B. bigemina and B. bovis were positive in 52.0% and 33.2% respectively, and A. marginale in 76.2%. Of these, 51.5% amplified DNA of Babesia spp. and A. marginale. The semi-intensive management predominated in 68.0% of the farms studied. The clinical history of babesiosis and anaplasmosis, was reported from 73% of the farms. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between age groups and for the PCV of positive compared with negative animals. The study indicates that in this region is enzootic instability for babesiosis and enzootic stability for anaplasmosis, reinforcing the fact that in Brazil there are areas of enzootic instability, even in tropical regions of the country. The PCR technique was a valuable tool for the diagnosis of these diseases and may be used to characterize a geographic region.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and genotyping of Anaplasma marginale and co-infection with piroplasms and other Anaplasmataceae in cattle and buffaloes from Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira AL-Hosary ◽  
Cristian Răileanu ◽  
Oliver Tauchmann ◽  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Ard M. Nijhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Smear ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Anaplasma marginale is an obligate intracellular bacterium and the main cause of bovine anaplasmosis in tropical and subtropical regions. In Egypt, data regarding the prevalence of A. marginale in ruminant hosts and of the circulating genotypes is lacking. This study therefore aimed to (i) investigate the presence, epidemiology and genotypes of A. marginale in cattle and buffaloes in Egypt, (ii) to evaluate suitable diagnostic tools and (iii) to identify co-infections of A. marginale with other selected tick-borne pathogens. Methods Blood samples were collected from 394 animals (309 cattle and 85 buffaloes) from three different areas in Egypt. For the detection of A. marginale infection, several tests were compared for their sensitivity and specificity: blood smear analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PCR, real-time PCR and reverse line blot (RLB) assay. Co-infections with A. marginale, piroplasms and other Anaplasmataceae were surveyed by RLB while A. marginale genotypes were identified by amplifying and sequencing the partial msp1α gene. Results Anaplasma marginale DNA was amplified by qPCR in 68.3% of cattle and 29.4% of buffaloes. RLB showed infection with A. marginale in 50.2% of cattle and 42.5% of buffaloes. Blood smear analysis detected this agent in 16.2% of cattle and 2.4% of buffaloes. ELISA showed specific antibodies against A. marginale in 54.9% of cattle. Anaplasma marginale was associated, in cattle and buffaloes, with several tick-borne pathogens (Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia occultans and Anaplasma platys). A significant difference of A. marginale infection level was noticed in cattle, where animals between 3–5-years-old had a higher prevalence (79.2%) compared to those older than 5 years (36.4%) and younger than 3 years (59.7%) and one year (64.5%), respectively (P = 0.002281). Microsatellite analysis identified 15 different genotypes. Conclusions The epidemiological findings revealed high prevalence of A. marginale in cattle and buffaloes in all the investigated areas. The circulation of diverse genotypes was observed, most of these A. marginale genotypes being specific for Egypt. The qPCR assay was confirmed to be the most sensitive tool for detection of A. marginale in cattle and buffaloes even in the carrier state, highlighting the importance of using suitable diagnostic tests.

scholarly journals Asociación de los alelos del gen BoLA-DRB3 con la infección natural de Babesia spp en el ganado criollo Hartón del Valle

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (253) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bolaños ◽  
D. Hernandez ◽  
L. Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Babesia Spp

En 191 individuos de la raza bovina criolla Hartón del Valle, se evaluó la infección por los protozoarios Babesia bovis y Babesia bigemina mediante PCR convencional, los polimorfismos del gen BoLA-DRB3,2* mediante PCR-SBT y la asociación entre ambos (Odds Ratio, OR). Los alelos fueron categorizados según su asociación en resistentes (R), susceptibles (S) o neutrales (N) a la infección y los individuos genotipados según la clasificación de sus alelos como: N/N, N/R, N/S, R/R, R/S y S/S. Ningún animal fue positivo a la infección por B. bovis y por tanto no se realizaron estimaciones de asociación. La infección con B. bigemina fue del 13,1%. Se encontraron 36 alelos BoLA-DRB3,2, los más frecuentes fueron el *1101 (0,196), *20012 (0,097), *2006 (0,053) y *2703 (0,053). Se encontró una asociación positiva (p

scholarly journals Frequência de Babesia spp. em bezerras holandesas no município de Patos de Minas - MG / Babesia spp. occurance in holstine calves in Patos de Minas - MG

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5782-5791
Author(s):  
Clelio de Souza Machado Neto ◽  
Alice Pratas Glycerio De Freitas ◽  
Dalton Cesar Rigueira Milagres
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Babesia Spp

 As babesioses bovinas tratam-se de doenças parasitárias causadas por Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina, sendo que o único vetor biológico é o carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. O aspecto mais relevante da patogenicidade desse agente reside na anemia grave, ocasionando um alto índice de morbimortalidade nos rebanhos, além de queda da produção de leite e carne, abortos, redução de fertilidade, entre outros prejuízos. A raça holandesa tem origem nos países baixos europeus e tem sido evidenciada como uma das principais raças leiteiras entre as bovinas, sendo expandida a criação da mesma em quase todos os continentes. Todas as raças bovinas são suscetíveis à Babesia spp., mas o Bos indicus apresenta maior resistência do que o Bos taurus. O Brasil é considerado como um país enzoótico para a Babesiose devido à constante transmissão dos agentes. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é determinar a prevalência de infecção por Babesia bovis em bezerras da raça Holandesa no município de Patos de Minas, MG, através da análise de esfregaços de sangue periférico. O estudo foi realizado em 10 (dez) propriedades de rebanho leiteiro da raça Holandesa (HPB), no período de julho de 2016. Foram avaliadas bezerras entre 90 e 270 dias, utilizando-se amostras de sangue periférico de 160 animais destas propriedades. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que (46%) dos animais foram considerados infectados por Babesia spp., confirmando a presença deste hemoparasito no município Patos de Minas, MG.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico de Babesia bovis (Babesiidae) y Babesia bigemina (Babesiidae) en garrapatas recolectadas en los municipios Turbo y Necoclí (Antioquia) en 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (111) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Juliana González Obando ◽  
Andrés Felipe Holguín Rocha ◽  
Alberto Tobón Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Babesia Spp

La babesiosis afecta principalmente a bovinos y humanos; en su transmisión están implicadas las garrapatas, particularmente Rhipicephalus microplus, especie distribuida ampliamente en Latinoamérica. El método diagnóstico utilizado para determinar la presencia de Babesia spp. en garrapatas es la microscopía de hemolinfa, diagnóstico menos sensible que la PCR, la cual tiene una sensibilidad entre 95%–100% y una especificidad del 100%. En Colombia, zonas como la Costa Atlántica, el Bajo Cauca y Urabá son ecológicamente aptas para la presencia del parásito y del vector, considerando que se han registrado garrapatas de los géneros Dermacentor, Amblyomma y Rhipicephalus, implicadas en la transmisión de diversos patógenos de interés médico y veterinario. El estudio de la dinámica de transmisión por garrapatas es esencial para la elaboración de estrategias de control adecuadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las especies de garrapatas presentes en predios ganaderos de la región de Urabá (Colombia) y su frecuencia de infección por Babesia bovis y B. bigemina. Se muestrearon 202 bovinos, en 30 predios de 15 localidades de los municipios Turbo y Necoclí. Se recolectaron 515 garrapatas; la especie predominante fue R. microplus 98% (507/515); la presencia del género Amblyomma estuvo asociada a predios aledaños de zonas boscosas. La frecuencia de infección en 162 subconjuntos de garrapatas (154 de R. microplus y 8 especímenes de A. cajennense) fue 18,5% (30/162), 15,4% (25/162) por B. bigemina, 4,9% (8/162) por B. bovis y 1,8% (3/162) de coinfección por estas especies. 

scholarly journals Seroprevalencia de babesiosis bovina en la hacienda Vegas de la Clara, Gómez Plata (Antioquia), 2008

2011 ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Zapata Salas ◽  
Natasha Lara Ramírez ◽  
Armando Baena Zapata ◽  
Julián Reyes Vélez ◽  
Leonardo Alberto Ríos Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Babesia Spp

La babesiosis es una enfermedad del ganado bovino transmitida por la garrapata Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus y causada por los parásitos protozoarios Babesia bovis y B. bigemina. Una zona se considera epizootiológicamente estable frente a Babesia spp, cuando el 75% de los bovinos entre las edades de 3 a 9 meses son serorreactivos (IgG) frente a Babesia bovis y Babesia bigemina y no hay evidencia de signos clínicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la seroprevalencia de Babesia bovis y Babesia bigemina en el ganado bovino de la hacienda Vegas de la Clara (Universidad de Antioquia, Gómez Plata, Antioquia), por medio de inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo con análisis de corte transversal. Fue evaluada toda la población bovina de la hacienda Vegas de la Clara (n = 118). Las muestras fueron evaluadas por inmunofluorescencia indirecta para la detección de anticuerpos tipo IgG específicos contra Babesia bovis y B. bigemina. La serorreactividad obtenida en los bovinos evaluados, para al menos una especie de Babesia fue del 89,8%, para Babesia bovis del 83,8%, mientras que para B. bigemina del 61%. Se obtuvo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la serorreactividad para B. bigemina y la frecuencia del tratamiento garrapaticida. La serorreactividad indica estabilidad enzoótica en el hato para B. bovis, mientras que para B. bigemina se encontró que la frecuencia del tratamiento garrapaticida interrumpe su ciclo de transmisión.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors for cattle anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis in a Brazilian semiarid region

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Medeiros de Mendonça Costa ◽  
Múcio Flávio Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Amélia Lizziane Leite Duarte ◽  
Julia Marry Mangueira ◽  
André Flávio Almeida Pessoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
The Mean

The seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Trypanosoma vivax and the risk factors for these infections were investigated in 509 cows on 37 farms in the semiarid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Cow serum samples were tested by means of immunofluorescence assay (IFA) against each specific antigen. The mean seroprevalence values per farm were 15.0% (range: 0-75%) for A. marginale, 9.5% (range: 0-40%) for B. bigemina and 26.9% (range: 0-73.7%) for B. bovis. All cows tested negative for T. vivax. Higher prevalence for A. marginale was significantly associated with less frequent acaricide spraying per year and with higher use of injectable antihelminthics. Presence of cows positive for B. bigemina was significantly associated with acaricide use and with presence of horse flies on the farm. Both occurrence and higher prevalence of B. bovis were significantly associated with recent observations of ticks on cattle. Overall, the present results indicate that the region investigated is an enzootically unstable area forA. marginale, B. bigemina and B. bovis, since most animals were seronegative to at least one agent.

scholarly journals Cattle tick infestation in Brangus cattle raised with Nellore in central Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
Jacqueline Cavalcante Barros ◽  
Marcos Valerio Garcia ◽  
Vinicius Da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Leandro De Oliveira Souza Higa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Group 2

The present study evaluated the behavior of Rhipicephalus microplus naturally infesting Brangus cattle raised with Nellore animals in the municipality of Água Clara, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. For the field experiment composed of a group with 15 Brangus animals and 15 Nellore animals and a control group with 30 Brangus cattle, all at the post-weaning stage. The 2 groups were kept for 6 months in 2 adjacent paddocks, naturally infested with ticks, at a stocking rate of approximately 0.6 of an animal unit per hectare (AU/ha). Every 18 days, the animals were weighed, and ticks on both sides of each bovine were counted. Every 36 days, blood was collected for hematocrit measurement and molecular diagnosis of the 3 pathogens that cause tick fever. The Brangus animals had 6.8 times more ticks than the Nellore cattle. No significant difference was observed in the weight gain of the Brangus and Nellore animals, and no correlation between the number of ticks and weight was observed in either group. During the 6 months of the study, all animals presented normal hematocrit, were positive for Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale, and were negative for Babesia bovis. Animals in Group 1 produced 27% fewer ticks than the animals in Group 2. The production rate of engorged female ticks in Nellore and Brangus cattle was 0.83% and 2.01%, respectively. Considering the infestation pattern required to produce 10 engorged females/day/animal, the Nellore and Brangus animals required 1,204 and 497 larvae/day, respectively. Our estimates showed that Brangus cattle need only 11.3% of the larvae in the pastures with Nellore cattle to maintain the infestation level observed in the present study. Brangus animals raised with Nellore cattle do not have a lower parasitic load and continue to suffer from tick infestation. Finally, Nellore cattle raised with Brangus cattle do not act as a cleaner because this grouping does not contribute to a reduced infestation in the Brangus animals.

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