scholarly journals Relationship between construction parameters and thermal loads in a building without internal gains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alberto Díaz Angulo ◽  
Silvia Soutullo ◽  
Emanuela Giancola ◽  
José Antonio Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Thermal Loads ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Cooling Loads ◽  
Available Information

The analysis of building characteristics indicates that there are some uncertainties influencing its energy performance: Environment, volumetry or operating conditions. It is important to have a low-cost system that performs this analysis and energy management by optimizing the coupling between production and consumption. Knowing the relationship between the annual thermal needs with different construction parameters can help to define this system and allow understanding the expected heating and cooling consumption based on easily available information. In this work, a numerical methodology has been applied to estimate the thermal loads of a building without internal gains. For this purpose, a simulation environment has been developed to execute a sensitivity analysis through the interconnection between TRNSYS 16.1 and GenOpt programs. Volumetry, building materials according to Spanish regulations and percentage of external windows are evaluated as analysis variables of the parametric study. Heating, and cooling loads have been calculated to quantify their influence: Older regulations imply higher annual loads; the increase in building height and area reduces the annual thermal loads and higher percentages of glazing on the external façades imply higher annual demands, particularly in the east and west orientations; the variation of the envelope results in the most influential factor. Finally, a statistical study has been performed to assess the annual trends: Heating trends point to more stability with two defined intervals, while cooling trends are more asymmetric.

scholarly journals Impact of Window to Wall Ratio on Energy Loads in Hot Regions: A Study of Building Energy Performance

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Mamdooh Alwetaishi ◽  
Omrane Benjeddou
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Heating And Cooling

The concern regarding local responsive building design has gained more attention globally as of late. This is due to the issue of the rapid increase in energy consumption in buildings for the purpose of heating and cooling. This has become a crucial issue in educational buildings and especially in schools. The major issue in school buildings in Saudi Arabia is that they are a form of prototype school building design (PSBD). As a result, if there is any concern in the design stage and in relation to the selection of building materials, this will spread throughout the region. In addition to that, the design is repeated regardless of the climate variation within the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research will focus on the influence of the window to wall ratio on the energy load in various orientations and different climatic regions. The research will use the energy computer tool TAS Environmental Design Solution Limited (EDSL) to calculate the energy load as well as solar gain. During the visit to the sample schools, a globe thermometer will be used to monitor the globe temperature in the classrooms. This research introduces a framework to assist architects and engineers in selecting the proper window to wall ratio (WWR) in each direction within the same building based on adequate natural light with a minimum reliance on energy load. For ultimate WWR for energy performance and daylight, the WWR should range from 20% to 30%, depending on orientation, in order to provide the optimal daylight factor combined with building energy efficiency. This ratio can be slightly greater in higher altitude locations.

scholarly journals Full-scale operation of a novel two-pipe active beam system for simultaneous heating and cooling of office buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 01073
Author(s):  
Alessandro Maccarini ◽  
Göran Hultmark ◽  
Niels C. Bergsøe ◽  
Alireza Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
System A ◽  
A Value ◽  
Beam System ◽  
Simultaneous Heating ◽  
Simultaneous Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Loads

This paper presents an investigation on the operation of a novel active beam system installed in an office building located in Jönköping, Sweden. The system consists of two parts: a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) to satisfy latent loads and ventilation requirements, and a water circuit to meet sensible heating and cooling loads. The novelty of the system is in relation to the water circuit, which is able to provide simultaneous heating and cooling through a single water loop that is near the room temperature. The energy performance of the system is currently being monitored through a number of sensors placed along the water circuit. Relevant physical parameters are being measured and data are available through a monitoring system. A preliminary analysis shows that the system is performing as designed. Results are shown for a typical week in winter, spring and summer. In particular, the supply water temperature in the circuit was between 20°C (in summer) and 23.2°C (in winter). The maximum supply/return temperature difference was found in summer and it assumed a value of 1.5 K. It is noticed that in spring supply and return water temperatures almost overlap.

scholarly journals Heating and Cooling Performance of Office Buildings with a-Si BIPV Windows Considering Operating Conditions in Temperate Climates: The Case of Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung An ◽  
Jong Yoon ◽  
Young An ◽  
Eunnyeong Heo
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Clear Glass ◽  
Cooling Loads ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the heating and cooling performance of an office building in Daegu, Korea, equipped with amorphous-Si (a-Si) building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) windows. EnergyPlus was used to simulate and compare the heating and cooling loads of models for clear glass double-layer, heat-absorbing glass double-layer, and low-emissivity (low-e) glass double-layer windows. In addition, the impact of changes in building operation time, temperature settings, air infiltration from the entrances, and internal load were also analyzed as these all have a large impact on heating and cooling loads. Finally, three types of heating and cooling equipment were tested, and their power and primary energy consumption analyzed, to determine the actual energy used. Under baseline conditions, there was an 18.2% reduction in heating and cooling loads when the BIPV model was used compared to when the clear glass double-layer window was used. In addition, increases in temperature settings and air infiltration from the entrances had a negative effect on the reduction of the heating and cooling loads demonstrating a need for intensive management of these features if a-Si BIPV windows are installed in a building.

scholarly journals Energy-Pile Model Verification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Šikula ◽  
◽  
Richard Slávik ◽  
Jan Eliáš ◽  
Jakub Oravec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Transient Phenomenon ◽  
Conduction Model ◽  
Energy Pile ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Piles ◽  
Pile Model

Equipping the foundation piles with a liquid circuit pipeline makes it possible to use the advantageous ther-mal capacity of the soil for heating and cooling buildings at low cost. The energy performance of the energy-pile in a soil is a transient phenomenon dependent on many parameters, which could be investigate by a computational model. The contribution deals with the description and verification of a new numerical computational software based on a simplified 2D and 2D rotational symmetrical heat conduction model being developed for energy-piles modeling.

Analysis of Building Envelope Performance Effects of an Insulating Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (STPV) Glazing Unit

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk V. P. McLaughlin ◽  
Konstantinos Kapsis ◽  
Andreas K. Athienitis ◽  
Sam Siassi ◽  
Livio Nichilo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Standards ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
U Value ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cooling Loads

This paper presents characterization results for the electrical and thermal properties of a unique insulating semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) glazing unit using calorimetry hot box methods finding a U-value of 1.09 W/m2·°C and a SHGC of 0.11. These properties are then applied to an energy model of a case study commercial building in a continental climate region to examine the effects of utilizing STPV in the building envelope on the electricity and natural gas consumption levels and peak demands. The results indicate that such a building envelope can significantly reduce heating and cooling loads compared to standard glazing which would help architects maintain the desirable properties of highly glazed façades while avoiding the drop in building energy performance that could make adhering to increasingly stringent building codes and performance standards difficult. The paper also presents simulation results for the photovoltaic energy generation of the vertical STPV façades at two building orientations.

scholarly journals Hybridization of Heat Pump Systems With Natural Ventilation To Improve Energy Efficiency in Cooling Dominated Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Nuno R. Martins ◽  
Peter J. Bourne-Webb
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
Cooling Loads

Building foundation piles can be used as heat exchangers in ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems to provide highly efficient renewable heating and cooling (H&C). Unbalanced H&C loads lead to heat build-up in the ground, decreasing the system's overall performance. In this study, the introduction of natural ventilation (NV) has been examined to decrease cooling load imbalance in cooling-dominated buildings to improve system efficiency. Building energy simulations estimated the H&C loads for an office building in three Portuguese cities: Lisbon, Porto and Faro, yielding heating loads of 0.2–3.6 MWh/year and cooling loads of 260–450 MWh/year. Four renewable H&C technology scenarios were used to assess energy performance: (1) an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system; (2) a GSHP system utilizing energy piles; (3) hybrid ASHP-NV and (4) hybrid GSHP-NV. Over 50 years of operation, in Scenario (1) COP values of 2.45–2.55 (heating) and 3.62–4.15 (cooling) were obtained. In (2), COP values increased to 4.15–4.34 (heating) but fell to 3.36–3.79 (cooling), which increased annual final energy needs by 7–8%. Unbalanced cooling loads increased the ground temperature by 21–24 °C, which is unlikely to be acceptable. Compared to (1), introducing NV reduced cooling loads by 65–90% in Scenarios (3) and (4), with the final energy needs decreasing by 59–80% and 62–88%, respectively. A further benefit of the GSHP-NV hybrid is that the ground temperature increase was limited to 8‑12 °C. For cooling, the COP in (3) decreased compared to (1) (3.14–3.69), while in (4), COP improved to 3.45–6.10. This study concludes that hybrid GSHP-NV systems should be considered in some cooling-dominated scenarios.

A STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTING THE HEATING AND COOLING LOADS OF BUILDINGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmita Das ◽  
Aleena Swetapadma ◽  
Chinmoy Panigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Cooling Loads ◽  
Heating And Cooling Load

The prediction of the heating and cooling loads of a building is an essential aspect in studies involving the analysis of energy consumption in buildings. An accurate estimation of heating and cooling load leads to better management of energy related tasks and progressing towards an energy efficient building. With increasing global energy demands and buildings being major energy consuming entities, there is renewed interest in studying the energy performance of buildings. Alternative technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are being widely used in energy studies involving buildings. This paper presents a review of research in the area of forecasting the heating and cooling load of buildings using AI techniques. The results discussed in this paper demonstrate the use of AI techniques in the estimation of the thermal loads of buildings. An accurate prediction of the heating and cooling loads of buildings is necessary for forecasting the energy expenditure in buildings. It can also help in the design and construction of energy efficient buildings.

scholarly journals A Methodology to Investigate the Deviations between Simple and Detailed Dynamic Methods for the Building Energy Performance Assessment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6217
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ballarini ◽  
Andrea Costantino ◽  
Enrico Fabrizio ◽  
Vincenzo Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Loads ◽  
Physical Phenomena

The research investigates the validity of the simple hourly method, as introduced by the EN ISO 52016-1 standard, for the assessment of the building energy demand for heating and cooling, by comparing it with a detailed dynamic model (EnergyPlus). A new methodology is provided to identify and quantify the causes of deviations between the models. It consists in the split of the contributions of the air heat balance (AHB) equation by dynamic driving force, and in the adoption of consistency options of the modeling parameters related to specific physical phenomena. A case study approach is adopted in the article to achieve the research objective. The results show that the deviations in the heating and cooling loads between the two calculation methods can be mainly ascribed to the use of different surface heat transfer coefficients, and to a different modeling of the extra thermal radiation to the sky. Providing a methodology to validate the calculation method, this work is intended to contribute to the enhancement of the use of simple dynamic models and to the improvement of the standardization activity.

Comparison of Simulated and Actual Energy Use of a Hospital Building in Austria

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargjil Saipi ◽  
Matthias Schuss ◽  
Ulrich Pont ◽  
Ardeshir Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Numeric Simulation ◽  
Demand Information ◽  
Hospital Building ◽  
Heating Loads ◽  
Cooling Loads

This paper compares calculated and measured energy use data (for space heating and cooling) pertaining to a hospital building in Austria. The building's existing energy certificate as well as monitored heating and cooling demand information were acquired from the hospitals administration. Moreover, the energy performance of the building was modeled using a numeric simulation application. Thereby, an extensive effort was made to define model input assumptions (building construction, weather data, internal gains) based on actual circumstances in reality. The results of the study suggest that calculated (energy certificate) and simulated heating loads were reasonably close to actual values, whereas in case of cooling loads considerable discrepancies were observed.

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