THE EFFECTS OF N INPUT LEVEL ON N UPTAKE, N REMOBILIZATION AND AGRONOMIC TRAITS UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION CONDITION IN WINTER WHEAT

Improving potassium (K) use efficiency (KUE) is beneficial for the sustainable production of cereal crops. In this study, the effects of K input level on its uptake and agronomic trait of the winter wheat under deficit irrigation were investigated in K deprivation responses, using two cultivars contrasting (low-K tolerant cultivar Kenong 9204 and K deprivation sensitive one Jimai 120). Under sufficient-K treatment (K180, SK), the two cultivars showed similar K contents, and K accumulation, biomass, photosynthetic parameters in upper expanded leaves, including yield components. Under deficient-K (K60, DK) condition, both cultivars showed varied behaviors of the K-associated traits, physiological parameters, growth and agronomic traits; however, better response was observed in Kenong 9204 than Jimai 120. These results suggested the essential roles of low-K tolerant cultivars under the K-saving management together with deficit irrigation. Two genes of the potassium transporter (HAK) family, TaHAK3 and TaHAK5, showed expression of significantly upregulated upon K deprivation, with much more transcripts shown in the K-deprived Kenong 9204 plants than Jimai 120 ones. Transgene analysis on the HAK genes validated their positive roles in modulating the K accumulation and biomass production of plants under low-K condition. These results indicated that distinct HAK family genes are transcriptionally regulated underlying K deprivation signaling and contribute to plant K uptake and biomass production under low-K conditions. This study suggested the drastically genetic variation on K uptake and biomass production across winter wheat cultivars treated by K- and water-saving conditions, associated with transcription efficiency of the distinct HAK genes which modulate K uptake, growth and development of plants. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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Root and nitrate-N distribution and optimization of N input in winter wheat

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54641-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bin-Bin Guo ◽

Bei-Cheng Liu ◽

Li He ◽

Yang-Yang Wang ◽

Wei Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Root System ◽

N Uptake ◽

Root Weight ◽

N Application ◽

Weight Density ◽

N Supply ◽

Nitrate N ◽

N Input ◽

Root Weight Density

AbstractScientific management of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has a significant effect on yield while also reducing the environmental risks. In this study, we conducted field experiments over three years at two different sites (Zhengzhou and Shangshui) in Henan Province, China, using different N application rates (0, 90,180, 270, and 360 kg ha−1) to determine the relationships between soil N supply and N demand in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Optimal N input was then determined. Both sites showed the same trend. Namely, aboveground N uptake and soil nitrate N (NO3−-N) increased with increasing N, while NO3−-N decreased with increasing soil depth, gradually moving downwards with growth. A significant correlation (p < 0.001) between increasing aboveground N uptake and increasing NO3−-N was also observed under N application, with the best relationships occurring in the 20–60 cm layer during jointing-anthesis (R2 = 0.402–0.431) and the 20–80 cm layer at maturity (R2 = 0.474). Root weight density showed the same spatial-temporal characteristics as NO3−-N, following a unimodal trend with increasing N, and peaking at 90 kg ha−1. The root weight density was mainly distributed in the 0–60 cm layer (above 80%), with the 20–60 cm layer accounting for 30% of the total root system. In this layer, the root weight density was also significantly positively correlated with aboveground N uptake. Wheat yield reached saturation under high N (>270 kg ha−1), with a sharp decrease in N use efficiency (NUE) and linear increase in residual NO3−-N. To balance yield and the risk of environmental pollution in the experimental area, an N application rate of 180–270 kg ha−1 is recommended under sufficient irrigation, thereby supporting a well-developed root system while ensuring balance between N supply and demand.

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The N uptake-associated physiological processes at late growth stage in wheat (Triticum aestivum) under N deprivation combined with deficit irrigation condition

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yanyang Zhang ◽

Yingjia Zhao ◽

Liyong Sun ◽

Peng Han ◽

Xinyang Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Growth Stage ◽

N Uptake ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Irrigation Condition ◽

Late Growth

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Effect of Biofertilizer in Organic and Conventional Systems on Growth, Yield and Baking Quality of Hard Red Winter Wheat

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132413861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 13861

Author(s):

Ammar Al-Zubade ◽

Timothy Phillips ◽

Mark A. Williams ◽

Krista Jacobsen ◽

David Van Sanford

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

N Uptake ◽

Organic Production ◽

Loaf Volume ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Baking Quality ◽

Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽

N Rates ◽

Red Winter Wheat

A two-year study (harvest years 2019 and 2020) was conducted to investigate the effect of a commercially available biofertilizer, in combination with variable nitrogen (N) rate, on bread baking quality and agronomic traits in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA. The hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘Vision 45’ was used with three N rates (44, 89.6 and 134.5 kg/ha as Low, Med and High, respectively) and three biofertilizer spray regimes (no spray, one spray and two sprays). All traits measured were significantly affected by the agricultural production system (CONV or ORG) and N rate, although trends in their interactions were inconsistent between years. In Y2, yield was greatest in treatments with high N rates and in the ORG system. Biofertilizer treatments had a negative to neutral effect on grain yield. Baking quality traits such as protein content, lactic acid solvent retention capacity and sedimentation value (SV) were consistently greater in the CONV system and increased with the higher N application rates. Similarly, biofertilizer application had no effect on predictive baking quality traits, except for SV in year 1 of the study, where it increased with two sprays. Loaf volume was consistently greater from wheat grown in CONV treatments. From these results, we conclude that further research is warranted to evaluate the potential for biofertilizers to enhance N uptake and affect bread baking quality or other end-use traits. Additional research may be especially useful in organic production systems where biologically based N fertilizers are utilized, and treatments were not negatively affected by biofertilizer applications. Such strategies may be needed to increase protein quantity and gluten quality to optimize winter wheat production for bread baking qualities in the southeastern USA.

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Positive effects of free air CO2 enrichment on N remobilization and post-anthesis N uptake in winter wheat

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2019.02.013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 234 ◽

pp. 107-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Markus Dier ◽

Jan Sickora ◽

Martin Erbs ◽

Hans-Joachim Weigel ◽

Christian Zörb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

N Uptake ◽

Co2 Enrichment ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Free Air Co2 Enrichment ◽

Free Air ◽

N Remobilization

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Effects of N input level on the N-associated traits and physiological processes of winter wheat cultivated under water-saving condition

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2020.1783307 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (16) ◽

pp. 2466-2479

Author(s):

Ruize Lin ◽

Xinyang Bai ◽

Fangafang Li ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

Le Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Saving ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

N Input ◽

Input Level

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Effects of P fertilization level on phosphorus uptake and agronomic traits under deficit irrigation in winter wheat (T. aestivum L.)

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2019.1679179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 214-226

Author(s):

Fangafang Li ◽

Liguo Guo ◽

Lizhi Jin ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

Le Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

P Fertilization ◽

Fertilization Level

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The Effects of Foliar Feeding of Compatible Organic Solutes on Agronomic Traits of Safflower

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.1515/agri-2017-0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 128-141

Author(s):

Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽

Farzaneh Asadi ◽

Naser Sabaghnia ◽

Amin Abbasi ◽

Mojtaba Nouraein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Compatible Solutes ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Organic Solutes ◽

Irrigation Condition

Abstract Safflower is originated from Iran and is tolerant against water deficit stress. However, in semi-arid Mediterranean climate terminal drought and heat stress adversely affect the safflower production. In order to investigate the influence of foliar application of proline (Pr) (10 and 20 mM) and glycinebetaine (GB) (2 and 4 mM) under well and deficit irrigation (37.23° N,46.16° E). Foliar spray of compatible organic solutes started from middle vegetative growth and continued till seed filling stage. Comparison of well irrigated and stress conditions revealed that severity of water deficit stress (SI) was 0.25. Evaluation of growth-related morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf area, canopy spread and percent ground cover showed that they considerably reduced by water deficit stress. However, foliar application of compatible solutes could somewhat increase growth related parameters. Results showed that water deficit stress noticeably reduced the chlorophyll content, while foliar spray could alleviate the water deficit stress effects when compared with intact plant (non-sprayed plants). The beneficial effect of GB was more prominent than Pr, especially under deficit irrigation condition. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the best performance under well irrigated condition was obtained by application of 4 mM GB while under deficit irrigation condition the best performance was recorded for plants treated with 2 and 4 mM GB and 20 mM Pr. Overall, results of current experiments showed that foliar spray with high concentration of GB may can significantly alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit stress.

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Physiological and Molecular Traits Associated with Nitrogen Uptake under Limited Nitrogen in Soft Red Winter Wheat

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Suman Lamichhane ◽

Chiaki Murata ◽

Carl A. Griffey ◽

Wade E. Thomason ◽

Takeshi Fukao

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

N Uptake ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Nitrate Transport ◽

Root Surface Area ◽

Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽

N Remobilization ◽

Red Winter Wheat

A sufficient nitrogen (N) supply is pivotal for high grain yield and desired grain protein content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Elucidation of physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) will enhance our ability to develop new N-saving varieties in wheat. In this study, we analyzed two soft red winter wheat genotypes, VA08MAS-369 and VA07W-415, with contrasting NUE under limited N. Our previous study demonstrated that higher NUE in VA08MAS-369 resulted from accelerated senescence and N remobilization in flag leaves at low N. The present study revealed that VA08MAS-369 also exhibited higher nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) than VA07W-415 under limited N. VA08MAS-369 consistently maintained root growth parameters such as maximum root depth, total root diameter, total root surface area, and total root volume under N limitation, relative to VA07W-415. Our time-course N content analysis indicated that VA08MAS-369 absorbed N more abundantly than VA07W-415 after the anthesis stage at low N. More efficient N uptake in VA08MAS-369 was associated with the increased expression of genes encoding a two-component high-affinity nitrate transport system, including four NRT2s and three NAR2s, in roots at low N. Altogether, these results demonstrate that VA08MAS-369 can absorb N efficiently even under limited N due to maintained root development and increased function of N uptake. The ability of VA08MAS-369 in N remobilization and uptake suggests that this genotype could be a valuable genetic material for the improvement of NUE in soft red winter wheat.

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