scholarly journals Aid Impact and Effectiveness: Introduction and Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Gisselquist ◽  
Finn Tarp
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
The Individual

This editorial provides an introduction to and overview of the thematic issue on “Aid Impact and Effectiveness”. The guest editors put the specific contributions of the nine articles in perspective referring to the wider literature on foreign aid and its allocation, impact, and efficiency, as well as the political and economic processes in which aid operates. They discuss the historical and present-day context for foreign aid and provide summaries of the individual articles, highlighting policy implications and future research needs.

Foreign Aid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Blodgett Bermeo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reviews scholarship on the political economy of foreign aid, identifies key gaps in the current literature, and offers suggestions for bridging across dividing lines to advance future research agendas. It highlights potential synergies between the study of foreign aid allocation and aid effectiveness. The analysis draws attention to the need to synthesize across studies of micro-level and macro-level outcomes to understand the full political and economic impacts of aid. Reviewing the literature on differences across types of aid donors shows the need to better understand the relationship between democratic and non-democratic donors and to further study optimal design of development institutions to help meet global challenges addressed through foreign aid, such as climate change and pandemic disease.

scholarly journals Tell Me Who You Vote for, and I'll Tell You Who You Are? The Associations of Political Orientation With Personality and Prosocial Behavior and the Plausibility of Evolutionary Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Grünhage ◽  
Martin Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Political Orientation ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
The Individual

Blatantly observable in the U.S. currently, the political chasm grows, representing a prototype of political polarization in most if not all western democratic political systems. Differential political psychology strives to trace back increasingly polarized political convictions to differences on the individual level. Recent evolutionary informed approaches suggest that interindividual differences in political orientation reflect differences in group-mindedness and cooperativeness. Contrarily, the existence of meaningful associations between political orientation, personality traits, and interpersonal behavior has been questioned critically. Here, we shortly review evidence showing that these relationships do exist, which supports the assumption that political orientation is deeply rooted in the human condition. Potential reasons for the premature rejection of these relationships and directions for future research are outlined and implications for refinements and extensions of evolutionary informed approaches are derived.

Fear of Crime: What Can Children Tell Us?

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Goodey
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual

This paper attempts to re-address a number of issues raised in debates on fear of crime, and in particular women’s fear of crime, with the argument for research of a much neglected section of the population, children. It is argued that gendered socialisation practices are crucial during the adolescent years with the emergence of the individual as ‘sexual being’, so leading to differential fear of crime between the sexes. Developmental fear processes are postulated and related to existing theories on global gender constructs and the notion of fear. Evidence is elicited from adult victimisation surveys, and from current research on adolescents. Future research directions and policy implications are examined.

Infrastructure Cyber-Attack Awareness Training - Effective or Not?

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Awareness Training ◽  
Response Training ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this study is to provide insight as to how infrastructure countermeasures awareness training will impact individuals dealing with a nationwide catastrophic cyber-attack. Can this awareness training lessen the psychological effect of an attack? This study showed no value for this type of training. Reading about such an attack, the subjects had lower technical optimism and cyber self-efficacy. Reading about infrastructure countermeasures, before or after reading about a cyber-attack, did not improve or maintain the subjects’ optimism and self-efficacy. A possible explanation is that emotional arousal may override or block rational thinking. Another explanation may be that a nationwide attack is towards the infrastructure and not the personal computer. Here the individual lacks any control. Future research needs to look at personal preparation and response training to see if it will help the psychological effects of a catastrophic cyber-attack.

scholarly journals Bridges to Studying: Educational Migration in the Scope of Political Transformation in Post Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Godfred Ohemeng Abrokwa ◽  
Emmanuel Donkor
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Educational Migration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Transformation Processes

Recently, Europe is witnessing a transformation in the political system, concerning right-wing populist movements, around the claim that a massive influx of migrants within its territorial borders undermines the sovereignty of the nation-state. This transformation has led to issues of economic inequalities, loss of cultural identity, and influence in voting patterns. Considering the unfolding situations, we ask: What is the effect of educational migration on economic growth and social development before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic? How will the current political transformation processes affect educational migrants in the post-Covid-19 pandemic in Europe? Using the systematic review methodology, the authors sort to perform a comprehensive literature search; complete a critical appraisal of the individual studies gathered; and combine the valid studies using appropriate statistical techniques. The research affirmed a case that Education could not ignore politics. We perceive it will shape populist motives on educational migrants in post-pandemic Europe. The authors expectation of future research pays attention to the political transformation process and how anti-immigration discourse will exercise control over educational institutions.

scholarly journals Valuation of Local Demand for Improved Air Quality: The Case of the Mae Moh Coal Mine Site in Thailand

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Worawat Srisawasdi ◽  
Takuji W. Tsusaka ◽  
Ekbordin Winijkul ◽  
Nophea Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mae Moh

While the district of Mae Moh, Thailand has been well known for its atmospheric pollution associated with coal power production, economic assessment of demand for improved air quality has not been conducted to date. This study estimated local residents’ individual and aggregate willingness to pay (WTP) for mitigation of atmospheric pollution in Mae Moh using the contingent valuation method (CVM), and analyzed the factors associated with the individual WTP using the bivariate tobit and double-hurdle regression techniques. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a stratified sample of 200 residents. The hypothetical scenarios used in the CVM module were 50% and 80% mitigation of atmospheric concentrations of major pollutants. The weighted average WTP was found to be THB 251.3 and 307.9 per annum (USD 8.4 and 10.3) for the 50% and 80% reduction scenarios, respectively. The aggregate WTP for the entire population of Mae Moh was THB 10,008,733 and 12,264,761 per annum (USD 336,294 and 412,096), respectively. Education, occupation type, income, expenses, satisfaction with ambient quality, and perceived sources of pollution had significant associations with the individual WTP. The paper concludes by discussing policy implications for atmospheric pollution management and avenues for future research.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

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