scholarly journals Social Justice and Lower Attainers in a Global Knowledge Economy

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
National Governments ◽  
And Training ◽  
Minimum Education

National governments believe that higher levels of educational attainments and training are necessary for successful competition in knowledge-driven economies and all young people are urged to invest in their own human capital and learn new skills. Moves towards inclusive education have brought into mainstream schools and colleges many who would formerly have been segregated in special schooling or otherwise given minimum education, joining those simply regarded as lower attainers. More research is needed on what is happening to all these young people who do not do well in competitive education systems and uncertain job markets. This article is taken from a study which set out to discuss with school and college principals, local administrators, teachers and others, who they regard as lower attainers, what sort of education and training programmes are offered to the students, and what policies they think are in place to help young people into work or independent living. Discussions were held with respondents in England, Germany, the USA, Finland and Malta. The article takes Rawls' view that social injustice is mainly due to the inequitable distribution of economic and social resources and the State has a responsibility to ensure that all young people can participate in the economy and the society.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities Experienced by Young Adults Transitioning Out of Informal Kinship-Based Foster Care in Bikita District, Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dziro
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Young People ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Transition Into Adulthood ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
And Training

The desire to understand young adults’ transition into adulthood from informal kinship-based foster care has been growing. This article examines the challenges encountered by, and the opportunities available to, young adults as they transition from informal kinship-based foster care to independent living in the Bikita District of Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 young people who had left care and key informants. Data were analyzed using a thematic framework. Key findings included the young adults’ need for proper preparation in formal education, health, social welfare, and employment to ward off the challenges they face before they leave informal kinship-based foster care. The opportunities available to the young adults included cultural identity, social capital, and training in independent life skills within their kinship group. Recommendations are made for better preparation and support to young people transitioning out of informal kinship-based care in Zimbabwe.

Disability, Education, and Work in a Global Knowledge Economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Tomlinson ◽  
Stacy Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The World ◽  
Disability Education ◽  
And Training

Governments around the world press for higher levels of education and skills for all their young people. They believe that, despite recessions and job losses, people are “human capital” who need to invest in their own training and help grow economies. In England in 2019, disabled adults made up 20% of potential workers, but only half of them were employed. This chapter discusses the changing nature of the labor market and the place of young people regarded as having special educational needs or disabilities in education and training, noting that despite a shift to a social model of disability, social and work environments often fail to adapt to those with disabilities. Education and training for disabled young people have usually been at lower levels and the jobs on offer for them lower skilled and waged. But, more recently in England, disabled students have been recognized as a significant presence with more taking higher skilled and professional jobs after graduation. The chapter briefly compares the situation in England with that of Germany and Finland.

Idea of Research-Writing in Sociology: Polemics on the Loss of a Transformative Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802292097030
Author(s):  
Dev Nath Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Research ◽  
Research Writing ◽  
Relevant Question ◽  
Analytical Reasoning ◽  
Transformative Practice ◽  
Sociology Of Sociology ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
And Training

Following Alwin Gouldner (1971), it is pertinent to perpetually ask a seemingly all-time relevant question. And the question is, what do sociologists do? In the manner of doing sociology of sociology, and by a polemical resurrection of fragments from the dominant practices of sociologists, this essay brings forth general understanding about the idea of research-writing in contemporary India. It underlines the anomalies in the practice of research-writing, connected with the teaching and training programmes, in a self-referential perspective. The essay substantiates the polemics with analytical reasoning, in order to reveal as to what could be reasons behind this state of sociological research-writings.

scholarly journals Are Inclusive Education or Special Education Programs More Likely to Result in Inclusion Post-School?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Garry Hornby
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Behavioral Difficulties ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Full Inclusion ◽  
Vocational Curriculum

The main goal of both special education and inclusive education for young people with learning or behavioral difficulties is their maximum inclusion in the community as adults. The question of which of these two approaches is more likely to achieve this goal is addressed by considering the findings of three outcome studies of young people with moderate to severe levels of learning or behavioral difficulties who experienced either option, or some combination of the two. The overall findings indicate that students who left school from a special education setting had better outcomes than those who completed their education in mainstream schools. This is considered to be due to the vocational curriculum and work experience they gained in their final years of special education, which those in mainstream schools did not receive. This suggests that a policy of full inclusion, with the closure of special classes and special schools, will result in less inclusion in their communities post-school for young people with moderate to severe levels of learning or behavioral difficulties.

scholarly journals Rituals of Vocational Socialisation: Faith-Building in Higher Vocational Education for Weak-Form Occupational Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ye
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Higher Vocational Education ◽  
Collective Identification ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
And Training

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of how higher vocational education and training programmes socialise participants for future work, where the occupational pathways they are to embark on are weakly defined. The analysis focuses on organisational rituals as a means to understand individual and collective transformative processes taking place at a particular intersection of education and labour markets. Building on organisational and sociological theories of rituals, as well as drawing empirically from a longitudinal qualitative interview study of a cohort of students in Swedish higher vocational education for work in digital data strategy, I explore how rituals are enacted in a vocational education and training setting and what these rituals mean to the aspirants who partake in them. The findings illustrate how rituals initiate, convert, and locate the participants in a team. These repeated encounters with rituals socialise, cultivate and build vocational faith amongst participants, despite the nascency and unstable nature of their education-to-work pathways. However, while rituals can serve as a catalyst to ignite processes of collective identification and vocational socialisation, they are not always successful. The paper discusses implications of faith-building in weak-form occupational pathways when the labour market is strong and conversely, when the economy is in recession. The text concludes by advocating the need for examining the power of educational institutions in shaping transitional experiences of participants in vocational education.

scholarly journals Moving from tradition-based to competence-based psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
pp. ebmental-2020-300219
Author(s):  
Winfried Rief
Keyword(s):  
Basic Science ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
New Research ◽  
And Training ◽  
Selection Of

Current education and training in psychological interventions is mostly based on different ‘schools’ (traditions such as cognitive–behavioural or psychodynamic therapy), and strong identification with these specific traditions continuously hinders a scientifically based development of psychotherapy. This review is selective rather than systematic and comprehensive. In addition to the consideration of other influential publications, we relied on a literature search in Web of Science using the following terms (update: 24 December 2020): (psychotherapy AND meta-analy* AND competence*). After summarising current problems, a pathway for solving these problems is presented. First, we have to recategorise psychological interventions according to the mechanisms and subgoals that are addressed. The interventions can be classified according to the foci: (1) skills acquisition (eg, communication, emotion regulation, mentalisation); (2) working with relationship patterns and using the therapeutic relationship to modify them; and (3) clarification of motives and goals. Afterwards, the training of psychotherapists can switch from focusing on one theoretical framework to learning the different competences for modification according to these new categories. The selection of topics to be addressed should follow best evidence-based mechanisms and processes of mental disorders and interventions. Psychology offers knowledge about these mechanisms that can be understood as a basic science for psychological treatments in general. This requires better connection with basic science, new research efforts that focus on treatment subgoals, theory-overarching optimisation of the selection and personalisation of treatments, and new types of training for psychotherapists that are designed to optimise therapists’ competences accordingly, instead of limiting training programmes to one single theoretical framework.

scholarly journals Prehospital resuscitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000729
Author(s):  
Alexandra M P Brito ◽  
Martin Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Review Current

Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death in young people in the USA. Our knowledge of prehospital resuscitation is constantly evolving and is often informed by research based on military experience. A move toward balanced blood product resuscitation and away from excessive crystalloid use has led to improvements in outcomes for trauma patients. This has been facilitated by new technologies allowing more front-line use of blood products as well as use of tranexamic acid in the prehospital setting. In this article, we review current practices in prehospital resuscitation and the studies that have informed these practices.

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