scholarly journals Efficiency of cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) in the treatment of seeds of braúna (Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Nathany Alves de Andrade ◽  
Gilvan José Campelo dos Santos ◽  
Amanda de Lira Freitas ◽  
Ediglécia Pereira de Almeida ◽  
Maria José de Holanda Leite
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Forest Seeds

ABTRACT: For decades, chemical products have shown efficiency in inhibiting pathogens associated with forest seeds, but due to the high cost and environmental impact caused by it, research to find more viable and sustainable alternatives has been Held. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume extract in the treatment of seeds of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. And to indicate the use of plant extracts as an alternative for the control of pathogens associated with Forest seeds. For the sanity test, 500 seeds collected in 2010 and 500 seeds collected in the year 2014 submitted to treatments with cinnamon extract were used in the following concentrations: T1: solution containing 100% sterile water (control); T2: Solution containing 25% of cinnamon extract and 75% of sterile water; T3: Solution containing 50% cinnamon extract and 50% of sterile water; T4: Solution containing 75% of cinnamon extract and 25% of sterile water; T5: Solution containing 100% of cinnamon extract. The health test lasted 10 days and after this period, the pathogen was evaluated, associated with the seeds of S. Brasiliensis, through the observations of the fungal structures through a stereoscopic and optic microscope, and the help of the literature Specialized. The means were analyzed by the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability and the percentage values for the purposes of statistical analysis were transformed into arcsen√x/100.The treatment with solution containing 100% of cinnamon extract presented as the most efficient being the most suitable for the inhibition of pathogens associated with the forest seeds. Considering the results, we recommend the advancement of researches around the use of plant extracts as a solution for the treatment of forest seeds so that it becomes a viable alternative in the forestry sector. KEYWORDS: seeds, pathogens.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Dactylonectria torresensis Causing Root Rot on Astragalus membranaceus in northeastern China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ming Guan ◽  
Shu Na Zhang ◽  
Ying Ying Ma ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Ya Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Dactylonectria Torresensis

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Fabaceae) is a perennial medicinal herb widely cultivated in China. In June 2018, root rot was observed on two-year-old A. membranaceus plants in Chaoyangshan town (northeastern China). In a 40-ha field, over 40% of the plants exhibited root rot and the infected area ranged from 10 to 70% of the roots. The roots first exhibited circular or irregular brown, sunken and necrotic lesions, and finally multiple lesions coalesced. The infected root surface was destroyed, showing rusty and dry rot (Fig. 1). Symptoms were concentrated in the main roots (Carlucci et al. 2017). The aboveground parts of infected plants did not initially show symptoms but gradually wilted; 7.6% of the plants died when root decay became severe. Infected roots were not used for processing and were not marketable. Ten infected roots were collected from May to October 2018 from the above location. The diseased root tissue was cut into 25 mm3 pieces, immersed in 1% NaOCl for 2 minutes, rinsed three times with sterile water and placed on water agar in Petri plates. After 15 days of incubation at 20°C, 11 single-spore isolates were obtained. Isolates HQ1 and HQ2 were randomly selected for morphological and molecular identification. Colonies grown for 10 days produced yellow, cottony to felty aerial mycelium on potato dextrose agar. Conidiophores originating laterally or terminally from the mycelium were solitary to loosely aggregated and unbranched or sparsely branched. Macroconidia predominated and were cylindrical, with a tendency to gradually widen towards the tip; 1- to 3-septate; and 20.2 to 31.0 × 3.0 to 6.7 µm (n=100). Microconidia had mostly 0¬- to 1-septate and 8.6 to 16.7 × 1.9 to 5.1 µm (n=100) (Fig. 1). Chlamydospores were rare, but occasional chlamydospore chains were observed. The isolates were tentatively identified as Dactylonectria torresensis (Cabral et al. 2012a). Further confirmation of the two isolates was conducted by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS, GenBank accession no. MN558983 and MN558984), β-tubulin (TUB, MN561692 and MN561693), histone 3 (HIS3, MN561694 and MN561695), and translation elongation factor (TEF, MN561696 and MN561697) genes (Cabral et al. 2012b). These sequences had 99 to 100% match with D. torresensis (JF735362 for ITS, JF735492 for TUB, JF735681 for HIS3 and JF735870 for TEF). Phylogenetic trees based on analyses of a concatenated alignment of all loci grouped these isolates into the D. torresensis clade (Fig. 2). The same two isolates were tested for pathogenicity. Healthy two-year-old plants were taken from the field, and their roots were disinfected with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, rinsed with sterile water three times, immersed in a 1×105/ml spore suspension or sterile water (control) for 10 minutes, transferred to a tray filled with sterile sand and placed in a greenhouse (12 h photoperiod, 25°C). Twelve plants grown in three pots were used for each isolate, and the same number of plants were inoculated as a control. This experiment was repeated three times. After one month, inoculated plant roots showed the same symptoms as those observed in the field, while the controls remained symptomless and no pathogen was recovered. The same fungus was reisolated from all the infected plants and confirmed by sequencing all of the above genes. This is the first report of D. torresensis causing root rot in A. membranaceus in China. The occurrence of this disease poses a threat, and management strategies need to be developed.

scholarly journals Health quality and reduction of pathogenic transmission in tomato seeds using plant extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((04) 2019) ◽  
pp. 635-641
Author(s):  
Mônica Shirley Brasil dos Santos e Silva ◽  
Antônia Alice Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Erlen Keila Candido e Silva ◽  
Anna Christina Sanazário de Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo de Jesus Machado Gois de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Health Test

The objective of the present study was to assess the seed health quality, quantification of seed-seedling pathogen transmission and the effect of plant extracts in reducing plant pathogens in the seeds of the tomato varieties San Marzano and Ipa 6. For the seed health, the samples were disinfested, plated and assessed after seven days, according to the Brazilian Seed Analysis Rule. For the transmission rate, 12 trays were prepared with 100 seeds each and assessed at 7, 14 and 21 d.a.s. (days after seeding) using 100 seedlings. The plant (main root, stalk and leaves) tissues were plated in PDA culture medium and assessed after seven days of incubation. Aqueous extracts were prepared from cinnamon, basil, neem and eucalyptus with 0.5% concentration and the seeds were immersed in each solution for 10 minutes. Then, they plated and assessed after seven days. The health test showed that biggest incidences of Aspergillus fumigatus (26 %) and Aspergillus flavus (26 %) were occurred in the seeds of the varieties Ipa 6 and San Marzano, respectively. The fungi A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, R. stolonifer and Curvularia sp. were detected in quantification of transmission in the seeds of the two tomato varieties. The treatment with basil extract resulted in the least fungus incidence in the transmission quantification of ‘San Marzano’ tomato seeds, while on Ipa 6 seeds the eucalyptus treatment performed better. The interference of treatments was not observed in tomato seed germination. However, there was decrease in incident of pathogens in seeds treated with the plant extracts and different effects was observed based on type and species of the pathogen.

Bacterial Contamination of Keyboards: Efficacy and Functional Impact of Disinfectants

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Rutala ◽  
Matthew S. White ◽  
Maria F. Gergen ◽  
David J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms

Background.Computers are ubiquitous in the healthcare setting and have been shown to be contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms. This study was performed to determine the degree of microbial contamination, the efficacy of different disinfectants, and the cosmetic and functional effects of the disinfectants on the computer keyboards.Methods.We assessed the effectiveness of 6 different disinfectants (1 each containing chlorine, alcohol, or phenol and 3 containing quaternary ammonium) against 3 test organisms (oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [ORSA], Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species) inoculated onto study computer keyboards. We also assessed the computer keyboards for functional and cosmetic damage after disinfectant use.Results.Potential pathogens cultured from more than 50% of the computers included coagulase-negative staphylococci (100% of keyboards), diphtheroids (80%), Micrococcus species (72%), and Bacillus species (64%). Other pathogens cultured included ORSA (4% of keyboards), OSSA (4%), vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus species (12%), and nonfermentative gram-negative rods (36%). All disinfectants, as well as the sterile water control, were effective at removing or inactivating more than 95% of the test bacteria. No functional or cosmetic damage to the computer keyboards was observed after 300 disinfection cycles.Conclusions.Our data suggest that microbial contamination of keyboards is prevalent and that keyboards may be successfully decontaminated with disinfectants. Keyboards should be disinfected daily or when visibly soiled or if they become contaminated with blood.

Acid Tolerance of Acid-Adapted and Nonadapted Escherichia coli O157:H7 following Habituation (10°C) in Fresh Beef Decontamination Runoff Fluids of Different pH Values

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN SAMELIS ◽  
PATRICIA KENDALL ◽  
GARY C. SMITH ◽  
JOHN N. SOFOS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Acid Adaptation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Natural Flora

This study evaluated survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain ATCC 43895 during exposure to pH 3.5 following its habituation for 2 or 7 days at 10°C in fresh beef decontamination waste runoff fluid mixtures (washings) containing 0, 0.02, or 0.2% of lactic or acetic acids. Meat washings and sterile water (control) were initially inoculated with approximately 5 log CFU/ml of acid- and nonadapted E. coli O157:H7 cells cultured (30°C, 24 h) in broth with and without 1% glucose, respectively. After 2 days, E. coli O157:H7 survivors from acetate washings (pH 3.7 to 4.7) survived at pH 3.5 better than E. coli O157:H7 survivors from lactate washings (pH 3.1 to 4.6), especially when the original inoculum was acid adapted. Also, although E. coli O157:H7 habituated in sterile water for 2 days survived well at pH 3.5, the corresponding survivors from nonacid water meat washings (pH 6.8) were rapidly killed at pH 3.5, irrespective of acid adaptation. After 7 days, E. coli O157:H7 survivors from acetate washings (pH 3.6 to 4.7) continued to resist pH 3.5, whereas those from lactate washings died off. This loss of acid tolerance by E. coli O157:H7 was due to either its low survival in 0.2% lactate washings (pH 3.1) or its acid sensitization in 0.02% lactate washings, in which a Pseudomonas-like natural flora showed extensive growth (>8 log CFU/ml) and the pH increased to 6.5 to 6.6. Acid-adapted E. coli O157:H7 populations habituated in water washings (pH 7.1 to 7.3) for 7 days continued to be acid sensitive, whereas nonadapted populations increased their acid tolerance, a response merely correlated with their slight (<1 log) growth at 10°C. These results indicate that the expression of high acid tolerance by acid-adapted E. coli O157:H7 can be maintained or enhanced in acid-diluted meat decontamination waste runoff fluids of pH levels that could permit long-term survival at 10°C. Previous acid adaptation, however, could reduce the growth potential of E. coli O157:H7 at 10°C in nonacid waste fluids of high pH and enriched in natural flora. These conditions might further induce an acid sensitization to stationary E. coli O157:H7 cells.

scholarly journals Toxicity of plant extracts from Bahia, Brazil, to Atta sexdens sexdens workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana De Carvalho Aguiar Ribas Gomes ◽  
Vanderlúcia Fonseca de Paula ◽  
Aldenise Alves Moreira ◽  
Maria Aparecida Castellani ◽  
Guadalupe Edilma Licona de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Casearia Sylvestris ◽  
Branch Plant ◽  
Delayed Action

The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of extracts of Aspidosperma spruceanum Benth ex. Mull Arg. (leaf and bark), Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. (leaf and branch), Casearia sylvestris Sw. (leaf and bark), Erythroxylum affine A.St.-Hil. (leaf and branch), Esenbeckia grandiflora Mart. (leaf and bark), Ocotea brasiliensis Coe-Teix (bark and branch), Simarouba amara Aubl. (bark), Tabernaemontana bracteolaris Mart. ex Müll.Arg.  (leaf, bark and branch) and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (leaf and branch) plant species, collected in the state of Bahia, Brazil, to workers of Atta sexdens L. cutting-ants. The toxicity of extracts was assessed through tests of ingestion and contact, with topical application on thorax of ants and through addition of extracts in diet, respectively. Data of topical application were submitted to analysis of variance and to the Tukey test while data from ingestion were compared by survival curves using the statistical test ¨log rank¨. Through contact, the extracts of leaf and branch of Z. rhoifolium and of bark of S. amara were the most toxic ones. Through ingestion, four extracts were toxic and were characterized as of delayed action, with the extract of Z. rhoifolium branch presenting the slowest action (S50= 10 days). This characteristic is crucial to its possible use in toxic baits. The extracts of leaf and branch of Z. rhoifolium were the only ones that presented toxicity through contact and ingestion.

Functional properties and encapsulation of a proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) by complex coacervation using gelatin and different polysaccharides

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volnei Brito de Souza ◽  
Marcelo Thomazini ◽  
Mariana A. Echalar Barrientos ◽  
Camila Marina Nalin ◽  
Roselayne Ferro-Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Complex Coacervation ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Cinnamon Extract

Efficacy of Trisodium Phosphate Solutions in Reducing Listeria monocytogenes Populations on Chicken Skin during Refrigerated Storage

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1627-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA CAPITA ◽  
CARLOS ALONSO-CALLEJA ◽  
CAMINO GARCÍA-FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
BENITO MORENO
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Microbial Monitoring ◽  
Chicken Skin ◽  
Phosphate Solutions ◽  
Sampling Times ◽  
Skin Samples

Chicken skin inoculated with 108 CFU/ml of Listeria monocytogenes was dipped for 15 min in sterile water (control) and in 8, 10, or 12% trisodium phosphate (TSP) solutions. Skin samples were stored at 2°C for 5 days, with microbial monitoring on days 0, 1, 3, and 5 after treatment. Compared to the water dip, all TSP treatments significantly (P < 0.05) reduced L. monocytogenes populations on chicken skin. The concentration of the TSP was a significant factor in reducing the populations of the bacteria at days 0, 1, 3, and 5 of refrigerated storage. For all sampling times, the best outcomes were attained with the highest TSP concentration studied (12%). Bacterial reductions in counts during the first day of storage were between 1.52 and 2.70 log10 cycles for 8 and 12% TSP-treated samples, respectively. Significantly greater reductions were observed from the third day of refrigerated storage onward. This occurred largely because populations of L. monocytogenes on control samples increased somewhat, but on TSP-treated samples the pathogen remained practically constant. Differences between L. monocytogenes counts in skin samples immersed in water and those treated with TSP ranged from 2.10 (8% TSP-treated samples) and 3.63 (12% TSP-treated samples) log10 cycles on day 5 of storage. These results indicated that TSP is effective against L. monocytogenes in chicken meat, especially after several days of refrigerated storage.

Efficacy of Antimicrobials Applied Individually and in Combination for Controlling Listeria monocytogenes as Surface Contaminants on Queso Fresco

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Kozak ◽  
Yustyna Bobak ◽  
Dennis J. D'Amico
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Surface Contaminants ◽  
Lauric Arginate ◽  
Sodium Caprylate ◽  
Process Controls

ABSTRACT Outbreaks of listeriosis are continually attributed to the consumption of Hispanic-style soft cheeses contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes postpasteurization. Once contaminated, L. monocytogenes can grow rapidly in cheeses like Queso Fresco (QF) even when stored at refrigeration temperatures. Several antimicrobials, including acidified calcium sulfate with lactic acid (ACSL), ɛ-polylysine (EPL), hydrogen peroxide (HP), lauric arginate ethyl ester (LAE), and sodium caprylate (SC), have demonstrated antilisterial activity in food. The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of these antimicrobials used individually and in combination to control L. monocytogenes as surface contaminants on QF and to identify additive and synergistic interactions. Cheeses were surface inoculated at ∼4 log CFU/g, dipped in antimicrobial solutions, vacuum packaged, and then stored at 7°C for 35 days. L. monocytogenes counts were determined 24 h after application of the antimicrobials and then weekly throughout storage. Dip treatments in a 5% (v/v) HP solution reduced L. monocytogenes counts to <0.5 log CFU/g within 24 h with no increase in counts through day 35. Dip treatments in LAE at 2 and 5% alone and in combination with EPL at 10% produced initial reductions in pathogen counts (1.5 to 1.8 CFU/g) but did not inhibit pathogen growth compared with the sterile water control. Dip applications of ACSL at 25% also produced an initial ∼1.5-log reduction in L. monocytogenes counts followed by regrowth. Application of SC at 10% alone and in combination with either EPL or LAE inhibited growth to <1 log CFU/g through 21 days of storage. The combination of ACSL+SC worked synergistically to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes on QF to <1 log CFU/g through 35 days. These data indicate that HP alone and treatments containing EPL, LAE, or ACSL in combination with SC are promising postlethality treatments and process controls for L. monocytogenes on QF through a 21-day shelf life.

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