A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF SOME PROPERTIES OF THE SOUR CHERRY NECROTIC RING SPOT VIRUS

In a randomized block experiment sour cherry trees were infected at 1, 2, 4, or 6 years of age with either the necrotic ring spot virus (NRSV) or the sour cherry yellows virus (SCYV) or with both. Tree growth was retarded by both viruses but the effects of SCYV were most severe. A marked retardation of the growth rate following SCYV infection persisted for two to five years depending on the age of the tree when infected. The growth rate of trees infected with both viruses was very similar to that for trees with SCYV only and indicates the predominance of this virus in these combinations. NRSV alone caused a slight reduction in growth rate but there was never an abrupt effect.Because the effects of SCYV on growth and tree form were severe, yields were very low. NRSV caused only a 10 to 30% reduction in growth but the reduction in yield varied from 36 to 56%. Hence the effects of NRS may be of more economic importance than the relatively minor reductions in growth have indicated.

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SEROLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME STONE-FRUIT VIRUSES: NON-VIRUS PARTICLES ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b61-125 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1447-1452 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. S. Willison ◽

J. H. Tremaine ◽

M. Weintraub

Keyword(s):

Sour Cherry ◽

Double Diffusion ◽

Nucleic Acid Content ◽

Yellow Virus ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Agar Gel ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

Ring Spot ◽

Virus Isolates

Cherry yellow virus, isolates Y.2 and Y.4, and necrotic ring spot virus, isolates N.4 and N.5, purified either from cucumber leaves or from sour cherry petals, were characterized by antigenically related particles that sedimented at approximately 72 S. Some preparations of each virus derived from either host also contained either a 35 S or a 22 S component usually having a low nucleic acid content. Such preparations were shown by the agar gel double-diffusion technique to contain two antigens, V and Q, that were only distantly, if at all, related. The 72 S component is associated with the V antigen, whereas the 22 S and 35 S components are tentatively considered to be two forms of the Q antigen. The Q antigen could also be detected in clarified expressed sap of infected cucumber tissue, but not in that of healthy cucumber nor in extracts prepared from healthy sources by methods used to purify the viruses. The Q antigen is thus associated with infection, but its origin has not yet been satisfactorily determined.

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CROSS PROTECTION AND INTERFERENCE WITH SOME STONE-FRUIT VIRUSES

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b62-094 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 1041-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. S. Willison

Keyword(s):

Sour Cherry ◽

Limited Range ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Subsequent Infection ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Synergistic Response ◽

One Year ◽

Ring Spot ◽

Different Sources ◽

Virus Strains

One-year-old virus-free sour cherry trees of the variety Montmorency were inoculated singly with buds from different source trees infected with sour cherry yellows, necrotic ring spot, prune dwarf, and tatter leaf respectively. The infections thus established in the test trees were later challenged by inoculation with isolates from different sources. Conspicuous recurrent symptoms occurred when infection from a tatter leaf isolate was challenged by either of two necrotic ring spot virus strains, but not when the order of challenge was reversed. These symptoms are interpreted as a synergistic response to infection by two viruses, one from each source, within a limited range of interaction. Trees previously infected with necrotic ring spot when reinoculated with cherry yellows isolates showed symptoms of cherry yellows, usually preceded by secondary shock. The reciprocal challenges, on the other hand, induced no symptoms of necrotic ring spot, probably because each of the cherry yellows sources carried a strain of the necrotic ring spot virus. There were indications, however, of interference between the two viruses. Infection with the prune dwarf virus did not protect against subsequent infection with the cherry yellows virus. Mixed infections with the necrotic ring spot and prune dwarf viruses did not cause cherry yellows.

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SYMPTOMS OF SOUR CHERRY YELLOWS AND NECROTIC RING SPOT IN RELATION TO TIME OF INOCULATION

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps59-059 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 431-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. R. Davidson ◽

J. A. George

Keyword(s):

Sour Cherry ◽

The Other ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Initial Symptoms ◽

Symptom Patterns ◽

Ring Spot ◽

Rate Of Movement ◽

Cherry Trees

Each month throughout the growing seasons of 1954 and 1955 two pairs of virus-free Montmorency sour cherry trees were inoculated by budding or patch grafting, one pair with cherry yellows and the other with necrotic ring spot virus. Shock symptoms induced by the two viruses were indistinguishable except that growth was retarded more severely and longer with yellows than with ring spot. However, the type and distribution of initial symptoms varied with the time of inoculation. Four symptom patterns were distinguished, and each was associated with an inoculation period. Seasonal symptom variations also revealed that the rate of movement of the yellows virus differed from that of the ring spot virus.

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SPREAD OF NECROTIC RING SPOT AND SOUR CHERRY YELLOWS VIRUSES IN NIAGARA PENINSULA ORCHARDS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps64-090 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 471-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T. R. Davidson ◽

J. A. George

Keyword(s):

Sour Cherry ◽

Virus Diseases ◽

Secondary Symptom ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Current Season ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Long Time ◽

Ring Spot ◽

Usual Reaction ◽

Trace Reactions

In the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario necrotic ring spot (NRS) and sour cherry yellows (SCY) are the two principal virus diseases of sour cherry. Since 1951 most trees grown in this area have been propagated from virus-free budwood but about 4% of the rootstock used carries virus.A combination of symptoms known as ’shock’ is the usual reaction to infection with either virus. However, in some trees the first sign of infection is only an etch, which is usually considered to be a secondary symptom of NRS. In a few trees the primary symptoms are very mild trace reactions strongly suggestive of trees that have been infected for a long time. Indexing on peach seedlings is generally not a good indicator of current season infection. It is however very accurate in detecting virus in trees that have been infected for more than 1 year.The rate of virus spread in young orchards is dependent upon the age of the orchard, the proximity of older diseased trees, and the amount of disease within the orchard. Necrotic ring spot virus (NRSV) spreads very slowly in orchards under 4 years old but can spread very rapidly in orchards over 4 years old. Most rapid spread of NRS occurs after 20% of the trees in an orchard are infected. Sour cherry yellows virus on the other hand does not spread rapidly until after the 10th year. Both viruses can spread over a considerable distance, NRSV at least 800 yd and SCYV about 100 yd, but most infections of both occur within 50 ft of a known source. There is no indication that any plant other than sour cherry serves as a source of inoculum.

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Introduction and spread of necrotic ring spot virus in sour cherry nursery trees

10.31274/rtd-180813-15205 ◽

1954 ◽

Author(s):

Oscar F. Hobart

Keyword(s):

Sour Cherry ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Nursery Trees ◽

Ring Spot

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POLLEN TRANSMISSION OF NECROTIC RING SPOT AND SOUR CHERRY YELLOWS VIRUSES FROM TREE TO TREE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps63-055 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 276-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

J. A. George ◽

T. R. Davidson

Keyword(s):

Sour Cherry ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Cherry Tree ◽

Pollen Transmission ◽

Mesh Screen ◽

Ring Spot ◽

Cherry Trees

Montmorency sour cherry trees, 3 years of age and older, became infected more often with necrotic ring spot virus when exposed during May than when caged individually under 32-mesh screen during May. In screened compartments, necrotic ring spot spread only when bees were present during blossoming. Though necrotic ring spot spread to all but 1 untreated tree in a bearing orchard, it did not spread to neighbouring trees from which blossom buds were removed. Finally, necrotic ring spot virus was transferred to at least 4, and sour cherry yellows virus to at least 1 and possibly a second, of 14 trees that were emasculated and then pollinated with pollen from diseased trees. It is concluded that the viruses causing these diseases are transmitted from one cherry tree to another through pollination.

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Incidence of Prune dwarf virus and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus in orchards of sweet and sour cherry in the Czech Republic: Short communication

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/74/2009-hortsci ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 118-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Suchá ◽

L. Svobodová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Infection Level ◽

Spot Virus ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Prune Dwarf Virus ◽

Ring Spot ◽

Cherry Trees

During 2006–2008 field surveys were carried out in the important cherry growing areas of the Czech Republic to assess the incidence of Prune dwarf virus and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus in commercial orchards and nurseries. A total of 1,438 samples from 1,198 sweet cherry trees and from 240 sour cherry trees were tested by ELISA for the presence of Prune dwarf virus and Prunus necrotic ring spot virus. The overall average infection level was 17.7%. The most infected species were sour cherry trees (22.5%). The most frequently detected virus was Prune dwarf virus (10.9%). Prunus necrotic ring spot virus occurred in 6.3% of samples. Our study provided an indication of a sanitary status of sweet and sour cherry in commercial orchards and nurseries in the Czech Republic.  

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