'WATERSTREAMS': A MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF CROP WATER DEMAND, WATER SUPPLY, SALT ACCUMULATION AND DISCHARGE FOR SOILLESS CROPS

The aim of the ACCESS project is to help assess the impact of climate change on socio-economic development in the Peruvian Andes, focused on the Ancash region, and to help identify adaptation strategies. As part of this larger effort, we are aiming to understand how climate change will impact: water availability and quality; farming, lives and livelihoods; and to work with local communities to plan adaptation strategies. The current water supply and demand in two catchments in the Cordillera Blanca and two in the Cordillera Negra is being assessed to understand the background water context in contrasting glaciated and non-glaciated landscapes. Based on detailed surveys of the ancient and modern waterscapes led by South American archaeologists, supplemented by more recent data from hydrological measurement and ethnographic surveys and discussions with local communities, a nuanced picture is emerging of how communities have adapted to past and current climate conditions, and potential solutions are being co-developed with the local communities to maintain and improve livelihoods in situations with low rainfall in the Negra and glacial retreat in the Blanca. Crop water demand during the dry season in the Rio Ancash (114 km2) catchment has been assessed using the CROPWAT model and local climate and crop survey data, and the present-day water supply assessed through the gauging of rivers and irrigation canal flows, and measurement of water quality and isotopes. Preliminary results, for the Rio Ancash, suggest the amount of water available for dry season irrigation on the mid-slopes is approximately 70 mm over the cropped area (57 km2) which appears to be less than the crop water demand, though this estimate may change as more data is processed. Initial climate projections suggestion an increase in water as the glaciers melt until around 2050. The dry season crop water demand and supply beyond 2050 is currently being estimated.

Download Full-text

Future Climatic Patterns and Sustainability of Current Cropping Patterns in a Water-Scarce River Basin of Eastern India

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10487 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Smaranika Mahapatra ◽

Madan Kumar Jha

Keyword(s):

Water Demand ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Monsoon Rainfall ◽

Baseline Period ◽

Eastern India ◽

Crop Water ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Water Demands ◽

Crop Water Demand ◽

Water Scarce

Agricultural sector, being the largest consumer of water is greatly affected by climatic variability and disasters. Most parts of the world already face an enormous challenge in meeting competitive and conflicting multi-sector water demands. Climate change has further exacerbated this challenge by putting the sustainability of current cropping patterns and irrigation practices in question. For ensuring climate-resilient food production, it is crucial to examine the patterns of the projected climate and potential impacts on the agricultural sector at a basin scale. Hence, this study was carried out for an already water-scarce basin, Rushikulya River basin (RRB), located in the coastal region of eastern India. The bias-corrected NorESM2-MM general circulation model of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-6 (CMIP6) was used in this study under four shared socioeconomic pathway (SSPs) scenarios, namely SSP126, SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585. The projected climatic parameters and crop water demands of the basin were analyzed assuming existing cropping pattern in the future. Analysis of the results reveals a significant and rapid increase in the temperature at a rate of 0.02-0.5&#186;C/year during 2026-2100 under all SSPs except SSP126, whereas the rainfall is expected to increase slightly during 2026-2100 as compared to the baseline period (1990-2016), especially in the far future (2076-2100) under all the SSPs. In contrast, monsoon rainfall is predicted to decrease under SSP245 and SSP370, while a slight increase in the monsoon rainfall is evident under SSP126 and SSP585. Although the rainy days will decrease slightly in the future 25-year time window, the number of heavy rainfall events is predicted to increase by two to three times. Also, retrospective analysis of rainfall and evapotranspiration suggested an existence of rainfall deficit (rainfall-evapotranspiration) in the basin throughout the year, except during July to September. The rainfall deficit in the basin during 2026-2100 is found to remain more or less same in the non-monsoon season, except for the month of October under SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios where deficit increases by two folds. Rainfall is expected to be in surplus by 4 to 5 times higher under all SSPs except for SSP245. As to the evapotranspiration, an insignificant increasing trend is observed under future climatic condition with only 2 to 4% rise in the crop water demand compared to the baseline period. As the basin is already water stressed during most months in a year under baseline and future climatic conditions, continuing the current practice of monsoon paddy dominant cultivation in the basin will further aggravate this situation. The results of this study will be helpful in formulating sustainable irrigation plans and adaptation measures to address climate-induced water stress in the basin.Keywords: Climate change; CMIP6; SSP; Monsoon rainfall; Temperature; Crop water demand.

Download Full-text

DEMANDA HÍDRICA DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.)

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2002v7n3p185-190 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 185-190

Author(s):

Ana Alexandrina Gama da Silva ◽

Antonio Evaldo Klar

Keyword(s):

Water Demand ◽

Crop Coefficient ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Crop Water ◽

Passiflora Edulis ◽

Crop Water Demand ◽

Passiflora Edulis Sims ◽

E Mail ◽

Fruit Formation ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

DEMANDA HÍDRICA DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) Ana Alexandrina Gama da SilvaEmbrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, CP 44, CEP 49025-040, Aracaju, SE. E-mail: [email protected] Evaldo KlarDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu, SP. E-mail: [email protected] Científico do CNPq 1 RESUMO Determinou-se à demanda hídrica e o coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) do maracujá amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.), seleção Sul-Brasil, cultivado sob irrigação localizada, no município de Botucatu-SP (22o 51’ S, 48o 26’ W). A evapotranspiração máxima da cultura (ETc) e a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foram medidas em lisímetros de nível de lençol freático constante, durante o período de 29 de setembro de 2000 a 20 de julho de 2001. Os valores da ETc e ETo foram de 954,98 mm e 1.069,21 mm, respectivamente, durante todo o período medido. Os valores de Kc variaram de 0,42 a 1,12, com os valores máximos registrados entre 150 e 210 dias após o transplantio das mudas no campo (DAT), período correspondente aos estádios fenológicos de florescimento e formação dos frutos. UNITERMOS: Passiflora edulis, evapotranspiração, coeficiente de cultivo (Kc). SILVA, A.A.G. da, KLAR, A.E. YELLOW PASSION FRUIT (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) CROP: WATER DEMAND. 2 ABSTRACT Crop water demand and crop water coefficient (Kc = ETc/ETo) of yellow passion fruit were evaluated in constant level lysimeters under drip irrigation from September 21, 2000 to July 31, 2001 in Botucatu-SP. The maximum crop water demand (ETc) and the Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo), measured by lysimeters, were 954.98 mm and 1,069.21 mm, respectively, during all period measured. The values of Kc varied from 0.42 to 1.12 with maximum values registered from 150 to 210 days following transplanting during flowering and fruit formation phases. KEYWORDS: Passiflora edulis, evapotranspiration, crop coefficient (Kc).

Download Full-text

Climate-Smart DSS for Future Crop Water Demand in Malaysia

10.1007/978-3-030-57281-5_179 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 439-467

Author(s):

Md Rowshon Kamal

Keyword(s):

Water Demand ◽

Crop Water ◽

Crop Water Demand

Download Full-text

Climate-Smart DSS for Future Crop Water Demand in Malaysia

Handbook of Climate Change Management ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_179-1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Md Rowshon Kamal

Keyword(s):

Water Demand ◽

Crop Water ◽

Crop Water Demand

Download Full-text

Impact of climate change on surface water availability and crop water demand for the sub-watershed of Abbay Basin, Ethiopia

Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽

10.1007/s40899-019-00339-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1859-1875 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alemu Ademe Bekele ◽

Santosh Murlidhar Pingale ◽

Samuel Dagalo Hatiye ◽

Alemayehu Kasaye Tilahun

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Availability ◽

Water Demand ◽

Crop Water ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Crop Water Demand

Download Full-text

Changes in Climatic Water Availability and Crop Water Demand for Iraq Region

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12083437 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 3437 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saleem A. Salman ◽

Shamsuddin Shahid ◽

Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan ◽

Mohammed Sanusi Shiru ◽

Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Availability ◽

Water Demand ◽

Early Period ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Rank Test ◽

Crop Water ◽

The North ◽

Mk Test ◽

Crop Water Demand

Decreases in climatic water availability (CWA) and increases in crop water demand (CWD) in the background of climate change are a major concern in arid regions because of less water availability and higher irrigation requirements for crop production. Assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in CWA and CWD is important for the adaptation of irrigated agriculture to climate change for such regions. The recent changes in CWA and CWD during growing seasons of major crops have been assessed for Iraq where rapid changes in climate have been noticed in recent decades. Gridded precipitation of the global precipitation climatology center (GPCC) and gridded temperature of the climate research unit (CRU) having a spatial resolution of 0.5°, were used for the estimation of CWA and CWD using simple water balance equations. The Mann–Kendall (MK) test and one of its modified versions which can consider long-term persistence in time series, were used to estimate trends in CWA for the period 1961–2013. In addition, the changes in CWD between early (1961–1990) and late (1984–2013) periods were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank test. The results revealed a deficit in water in all the seasons in most of the country while a surplus in the northern highlands in all the seasons except summer was observed. A significant reduction in the annual amount of CWA at a rate of −1 to −13 mm/year was observed at 0.5 level of significance in most of Iraq except in the north. Decreasing trends in CWA in spring (−0.4 to −1.8 mm/year), summer (−5.0 to −11 mm/year) and autumn (0.3 to −0.6 mm/year), and almost no change in winter was observed. The CWA during the growing season of summer crop (millet and sorghum) was found to decrease significantly in most of Iraq except in the north. The comparison of CWD revealed an increase in agricultural water needs in the late period (1984–2013) compared to the early period (1961–1990) by 1.0–8.0, 1.0–14, 15–30, 14–27 and 0.0–10 mm for wheat, barley, millet, sorghum and potato, respectively. The highest increase in CWD was found in April, October, June, June and April for wheat, barley, millet, sorghum and potato, respectively.

Download Full-text