SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE INDUCERS APPLIED PREHARVEST FOR COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES CONTROL IN AVOCADOS

2013 ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Bosse ◽  
J.P. Bower ◽  
I. Bertling
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Inducers

scholarly journals Epiphytic fungi induced pathogen resistance of invasive plant Ipomoea cairica against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Xu ◽  
Minjie Zhu ◽  
Shaoshan Li ◽  
Weibin Ruan ◽  
Can Xie
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Epiphytic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Background. Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet is a destructive invasive weed in South China but rarely infected with pathogens in nature. Its pathogen resistance mechanism is largely unknown at present. Some non-pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi are prevalent on many plant species and function as pathogen resistance inducers of host plants. The objective of the present research is to investigate whether the symbiosis between the both fungi and I. cairica is present, and thereby induce pathogen resistance of I. cairica. Methods. Through field investigation, we explored the occurrence rates of F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi on leaf surfaces of I. cairica plants in natural habitats and compared their abundance between healthy leaves and leaves infected with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a natural pathogen. With artificial inoculation, we assessed their pathogencity to I. cairica and study their contribution of pathogen resistance to I. cairica against C. gloeosporioides. Results. We found that F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi were widely epiphytic on healthy leaf surfaces of I. cairica in sunny non-saline, shady non-saline and sunny saline habitats. Their occurrence rates reached up to 100%. Moreover, we found that the abundance of F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi on leaves infected with C. gloeosporioides were significantly lower than that of healthy leaves. With artificial inoculation, we empirically confirmed that F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi were non-pathogenic to I. cairica. It was interesting that colonization by F. fujikuroi, F. oxysporum alone and a mixture of both fungi resulted in a reduction of C. gloeosporioides infection to I. cairica accompanied by lower lesion area to leaf surface area ratio, increased H2O2 concentration and salicylic acid (SA) level relative to the control. However, NPR1 expression, chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase activities as well as stem length and biomass of I. cairica plant only could be significantly improved by F. oxysporum and a mixture of both fungi but not by F. fujikuroi. In addition, as compared to colonization by F. oxysporum and a mixture of both fungi, F. fujikuroi induced significantly higher jasmonic acid (JA) level but significantly lower β -1,3-glucanase activity in leaves of I. cairica plants. Thus, our findings indicated the symbiosis of epiphytic fungi F. fujikuroi and F. oxysporum facilitated the fitness of I. cairica via the induced systemic resistance of host plant against C. gloeosporioides. F. oxysporum played a dominant role in inducing pathogen resistance of I. cairica. Its presence alleviated the antagonism of the JA signaling on SA-dependent β -1,3-glucanase activity and enabled I. cairica plants to maintain relatively higher level of resistance against C. gloeosporioides.

scholarly journals Systemic resistance induction in ‘Ortanique’ tangor

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marines Batalha Moreno Kirinus ◽  
Pricila Santos da Silva ◽  
Caroline Farias Barreto ◽  
Roberto Pedroso de Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo Barbosa Malgarim
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Resistance Inducers

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the quality of ‘Ortanique’ tangor, in the post-harvest and refrigerated storage after application of pre-harvest resistance inducers, in the 2015 and 2016 crops. The experimental design in the field was in completely randomized blocks, in a single factorial scheme. The treatment factor was composed of the following resistance inducers [without inducer, selenium (Se), silicon (Si), acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM), methyl jasmonate (MeJa), thiamethoxam (TMT) and imidacloprid (IMI)]. In the laboratory, the design used was the same as that established in the field, but in a two-factorial scheme, where factor A was composed of the same inducers and factor B, for the storage period [zero (fruits that were not submitted to storage) and 30 days (Cold chamber 5±1°C, relative humidity 85 to 95%)], with simulation of the commercialization time (7 days at 20±1°C). The following analysis were performed: coloration (L *, a *, b * and hue), fresh mass loss, rot index, soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The application of resistance inducers reduces the percentage of fresh mass loss and fruit rot after 30 days of refrigerated storage. Inducers keep phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, both in pulp and fruit peel, over the storage period. The inducers Si, MeJa and IMI provide phytochemicals improvement, when compared to the control.

scholarly journals Hypovirulent isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides induce resistance to anthracnose in detached mango fruits and seedlings.

1969 ◽  
Vol 86 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Julissa Colón-Garay ◽  
Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas ◽  
Robert McGovern ◽  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Tropical Crops ◽  
Induce Resistance

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [(Penz.) Penz. & Sacc] causes anthracnose in various tropical crops, including mango (Mangifera indica L.). In Puerto Rico, estimated losses ¡n mango fruits are as high as 75%. Intensive chemical applications used to control this disease have resulted in fungicide resistance and potential environmental pollution. An alternative control could be inducing resistance in mango with hypovirulent isolates of C. gloeosporioides. Hypovirulent (HV) mutants were obtained by conidial mutagenesis using ultraviolet light. Mycelial plugs (4 mm) of HV mutants were used to inoculate the surface of detached mango fruits, either 24 or 120 h previous to the virulent isolate inoculation. Fruits were kept in humid chambers (i.e., 100% RH). Lesion size was measured eight and 14 days after inoculation with the virulent isolate. Mango seedlings were inoculated with the HV mutants, as described above, 120 h prior to the virulent isolate inoculation and kept under shade-house conditions. Lesion size was measured four and 10 days after inoculation with the virulent isolate. Fourteen days after inoculation, three HV mutants reduced lesion size in detached fruits by 50%. Locally induced resistance (in situ) was observed in middle leaves of mango seedlings. All three HV mutants tested reduced lesion development in middle leaves of mango seedlings 10 days after inoculation. Hypovirulent isolates HV-49 and HV-165 induced systemic resistance to the upper leaves of the plant. The HV mutants appeared to inhibit pathogen development by activating defense mechanisms in mango fruits and seedlings.

scholarly journals Epiphytic fungi induced pathogen resistance of invasive plant Ipomoea cairica against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Xu ◽  
Minjie Zhu ◽  
Shaoshan Li ◽  
Weibin Ruan ◽  
Can Xie
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Epiphytic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Background. Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet is a destructive invasive weed in South China but rarely infected with pathogens in nature. Its pathogen resistance mechanism is largely unknown at present. Some non-pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi are prevalent on many plant species and function as pathogen resistance inducers of host plants. The objective of the present research is to investigate whether the symbiosis between the both fungi and I. cairica is present, and thereby induce pathogen resistance of I. cairica. Methods. Through field investigation, we explored the occurrence rates of F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi on leaf surfaces of I. cairica plants in natural habitats and compared their abundance between healthy leaves and leaves infected with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a natural pathogen. With artificial inoculation, we assessed their pathogencity to I. cairica and study their contribution of pathogen resistance to I. cairica against C. gloeosporioides. Results. We found that F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi were widely epiphytic on healthy leaf surfaces of I. cairica in sunny non-saline, shady non-saline and sunny saline habitats. Their occurrence rates reached up to 100%. Moreover, we found that the abundance of F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi on leaves infected with C. gloeosporioides were significantly lower than that of healthy leaves. With artificial inoculation, we empirically confirmed that F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi were non-pathogenic to I. cairica. It was interesting that colonization by F. fujikuroi, F. oxysporum alone and a mixture of both fungi resulted in a reduction of C. gloeosporioides infection to I. cairica accompanied by lower lesion area to leaf surface area ratio, increased H2O2 concentration and salicylic acid (SA) level relative to the control. However, NPR1 expression, chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase activities as well as stem length and biomass of I. cairica plant only could be significantly improved by F. oxysporum and a mixture of both fungi but not by F. fujikuroi. In addition, as compared to colonization by F. oxysporum and a mixture of both fungi, F. fujikuroi induced significantly higher jasmonic acid (JA) level but significantly lower β -1,3-glucanase activity in leaves of I. cairica plants. Thus, our findings indicated the symbiosis of epiphytic fungi F. fujikuroi and F. oxysporum facilitated the fitness of I. cairica via the induced systemic resistance of host plant against C. gloeosporioides. F. oxysporum played a dominant role in inducing pathogen resistance of I. cairica. Its presence alleviated the antagonism of the JA signaling on SA-dependent β -1,3-glucanase activity and enabled I. cairica plants to maintain relatively higher level of resistance against C. gloeosporioides.

Induced systemic resistance in Stylosanthes spp. to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Davis ◽  
JAG Irwin ◽  
RK Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Protected Plants ◽  
Occurrence Patterns

Systemic resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was induced in Stylosanthes humilis cv. Paterson and S.guianensis cv. Endeavour plants by protection inoculation (PI) with sub-lethal amounts of C. gloeosporioides inoculum. The protection was demonstrated on leaves produced after the plants had first become infected. When challenged with inoculum, these leaves produced significantly less severe lesions than on corresponding leaves on non-protected plants. The induced resistance effect diminished with time on the youngest leaves of plants which were challenged up to 39 days from the PI. The experiments also showed that young Stylosanthes spp. leaves (up to seven days after first appearance) were more susceptible to anthracnose infections than older leaves. When leaves of S. humilis and S. guianensis were inoculated at 24 and 30 days after first appearance respectively, very few infections occurred. These two factors may help explain observed anthracnose occurrence patterns in Stylosanthes spp. pastures.

scholarly journals Physiological mechanism of resistance antibiosis to anthracnose of different Manihot varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2854-2869
Author(s):  
Kouassi Guy Brou ◽  
Jean Luc Aboya Moroh ◽  
Sékou Diabaté ◽  
Boni N’zue ◽  
Goli Pierre Zouhouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Cassava is one of the main food crops in Africa, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire. However, the cultivated varieties are prone to attack by diseases. The present work focused on the role of phenolic and in particular flavonoid resistance markers in the Manihot esculenta-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pathosystem. The aim was to elucidate the involvement of flavonoid antibiosis in the natural defense of three cultivars of M. esculenta when confronted with attacks by C. gloeosporioides. The quantitative dosage approach for total phenolics and flavonoids as well as the identification of flavonoid antibiosis have been carried out. The results revealed that the cultivars 9620A, TMS30572 and YACE of M. esculenta have, after the C. gloeosporioides inoculation tests, reacted early 2 days after inoculation (JAI) and accumulated relatively high levels of antibiosis phenolic and flavonoid 9JAI. The three cultivars accumulated constitutive flavonoid antibiosis and 3 neosynthesized antibiosis from 7JAI to 9JAI. The accumulation of flavonoid antibacterials neosynthesized in the stems and in the leaves testify to the expression of a systemic resistance of the cassava plants. The cultivars 9620A and TMS30572 are more tolerant than cultivar YACE. This study approach has made it possible to discriminate between cultivars and can therefore be used as a complementary selection tool to traditional selection tests.Keywords: Manihot esculenta, anthracnose, flavonoïd antibisis, glyphosate.

scholarly journals Abiotic Stresses Affect Trichoderma harzianum T39-Induced Resistance to Downy Mildew in Grapevine

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1227-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Roatti ◽  
Michele Perazzolli ◽  
Cesare Gessler ◽  
Ilaria Pertot
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Resistance Inducers

Enhancement of plant defense through the application of resistance inducers seems a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling crop diseases but the efficacy can be affected by abiotic factors in the field. Plants respond to abiotic stresses with hormonal signals that may interfere with the mechanisms of induced systemic resistance (ISR) to pathogens. In this study, we exposed grapevines to heat, drought, or both to investigate the effects of abiotic stresses on grapevine resistance induced by Trichoderma harzianum T39 (T39) to downy mildew. Whereas the efficacy of T39-induced resistance was not affected by exposure to heat or drought, it was significantly reduced by combined abiotic stresses. Decrease of leaf water potential and upregulation of heat-stress markers confirmed that plants reacted to abiotic stresses. Basal expression of defense-related genes and their upregulation during T39-induced resistance were attenuated by abiotic stresses, in agreement with the reduced efficacy of T39. The evidence reported here suggests that exposure of crops to abiotic stress should be carefully considered to optimize the use of resistance inducers, especially in view of future global climate changes. Expression analysis of ISR marker genes could be helpful to identify when plants are responding to abiotic stresses, in order to optimize treatments with resistance inducers in field.

scholarly journals Epiphytic fungi induced pathogen resistance of invasive plant Ipomoea cairica against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8889
Author(s):  
Hua Xu ◽  
Minjie Zhu ◽  
Shaoshan Li ◽  
Weibin Ruan ◽  
Can Xie
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Epiphytic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Background Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet is a destructive invasive weed in South China but rarely infected with pathogens in nature. Its pathogen resistance mechanism is largely unknown at present. Some non-pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi are prevalent on many plant species and function as pathogen resistance inducers of host plants. The objective of the present research is to investigate whether the symbiosis between the both fungi and I. cairica is present, and thereby induces pathogen resistance of I. cairica. Methods Through field investigation, we explored the occurrence rates of F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi on leaf surfaces of I. cairica plants in natural habitats and compared their abundance between healthy leaves and leaves infected with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a natural pathogen. With artificial inoculation, we assessed their pathogenicity to I. cairica and studied their contribution of pathogen resistance to I. cairica against C. gloeosporioides. Results We found that F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi were widely epiphytic on healthy leaf surfaces of I. cairica in sunny non-saline, shady non-saline and sunny saline habitats. Their occurrence rates reached up to 100%. Moreover, we found that the abundance of F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi on leaves infected with C. gloeosporioides were significantly lower than that of healthy leaves. With artificial inoculation, we empirically confirmed that F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi were non-pathogenic to I. cairica. It was interesting that colonization by F. fujikuroi, F. oxysporum alone and a mixture of both fungi resulted in a reduction of C. gloeosporioides infection to I. cairica accompanied by lower lesion area to leaf surface area ratio, increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and salicylic acid (SA) level relative to the control. However, NPR1 expression, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities as well as stem length and biomass of I. cairica plant only could be significantly improved by F. oxysporum and a mixture of both fungi but not by F. fujikuroi. In addition, as compared to colonization by F. oxysporum and a mixture of both fungi, F. fujikuroi induced significantly higher jasmonic acid (JA) level but significantly lower β-1,3-glucanase activity in leaves of I. cairica plants. Thus, our findings indicated the symbiosis of epiphytic fungiF. fujikuroi and F. oxysporum induced systemic resistance of I. cairica against C. gloeosporioides. F. oxysporum played a dominant role in inducing pathogen resistance of I. cairica. Its presence alleviated the antagonism of the JA signaling on SA-dependent β-1,3-glucanase activity and enabled I. cairica plants to maintain relatively higher level of resistance against C. gloeosporioides.

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