scholarly journals Dictionarium Valachico-Latinum, the first original bilingual lexicon in Romanian

Diacronia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Chivu
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Bilingual Lexicon ◽  
Special Place

Dictionarium Valachico-Latinum, a text written in the Banat–Hunedoara area in the mid-17th century, holds a special place among the old Romanian lexicographic works. This first original dictionary of the Romanian language, most probably conceived for the presentation of a representative corpus of the Romanian language vocabulary through Latin equivalents, was the first such work to use the Latin model of organization and presentation of selected words. Following the same Latin model, the author of the text, who proved to have a very good command of the Romanian language, both in its literary and spoken version, created graphemes for rendering sounds specific to the Romanian language and recommended forms and spellings, as an incipient form of establishing literary norms and as a way of lexicographic organization.

scholarly journals Триады в тексте «Истории Усун Дебескерту-хана»

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Baazr A. Bicheev ◽  
◽  
Yeerda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Special Form ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Rich

Introduction. Long before the creation of a national writing system, the Oirats (Kalmyks) had developed a unique oral poetic tradition. By the late 17th century, there appeared a large number of translated poetic works distinguished by genre and artistic diversity. Oirat scholars would insistently turn to the rich oral poetic heritage. And triads were one such most ancient type of aphoristic poetry, their genre characteristics still remaining a matter of debate: some classify them as riddles, others as proverbs — but it is universally accepted that triads hold a special place in the oral poetic tradition. Triads were used not only by medieval authors but have also been turned to by modern Kalmyk writers. Goals. The article introduces into scientific discourse a text of the Oirat version of The Story of Usun Debeskertu Khan which contains triads and quatrains; analyzes didactic contents of the literary triads and compares them to oral (folk) ones. Materials and Methods. The work primarily employs the comparative analysis method. Despite triads have been published in a number of folklore collections (along with proverbs and riddles), their contents have never been investigated in the context of written monuments. Results. The wide use of triads in ancient oral poetic traditions of Mongolic peoples is evidenced by works of researchers from Mongolia, Russia, and China. So, it has been revealed that triads are not identical to riddles, constituting a separate Mongolic poetic genre and having been explicitly used in didactic written monuments as a special form of homilies. Conclusions. The Story of Usun Debeskertu Khan is a didactic composition containing triads and quatrains, the latter — judging from their contents and functions attributed — being essentially edifying (moralistic), which thus makes it possible to finally distinguish them from riddles as such.

scholarly journals Диариуш Афанасия Филипповича и Житие протопопа Аввакума: типологические схождения в историческом контексте

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Halina Twaranowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Autobiographical Work

A leading position in the 17th century Belarusian literature is occupied by Afanasij Filipovich, a writer and publicist, a political and Orthodox Church activist. His “Diariuš”, an autobiographical work is one of the most distinctive examples of polemic publicity devoted to the fight against the Brest Union in 1596 and its tragic consequences. Meanwhile, a special place in the 17th century Russian literature is occupied by protopop Avvakum’s “Žitie” – a remarkable first apostle and a symbol of the Old Believers movement whose life experience served as the first autobiography in Russian literature. Afanasij Filipovich’s “Diariuš” and protopop Avvakum’s “Žitie” present sufficient grounds for considering various typological similarities and parallels in authors’ fate and the pathos of their works. New principles of the selfawareness of an individual and the ways of expressing them are present in the works of Belarusian and Russian writers.

Why byloti dievop ‘speak to God’, but prašyti dieviep ‘ask God’?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 137-173
Author(s):  
Eglė Žilinskaitė-Šinkūnienė
Keyword(s):  
General Feature ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Usage

The paper aims to investigate the historical usage of two local cases, namely the Allative and the Adessive, governed by verba dicendi in Old Lithuanian. In Mikalojus Daukša’s Postil (1599) the Allative occurs with verbs of address and denotes the Addressee as a Goal of a verbal act. The Adessive, however, is governed by predicates of request and conveys the Source of a desired item. To verify whether this is part of Daukša’s idiolect or a general feature of Lithuanian at the beginning of its written period, the data from DP are compared to the texts of two other varieties of written Lithuanian of the 16th–17th century: Jonas Bretkūnas’ Postil (1591) and Konstantinas Sirvydas’ Punktay sakimu (two parts, 1629 and 1644). In order to explain the motivation for this usage, dialectal and typological data are used.  

Historiography and language in 17th-century Ottoman Kurdistan: A study of two Turkish translations of the Sharafnāma

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-196
Author(s):  
Sacha Alsancakli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
General Observation

In the closing decades of the 11th/17th century, two Turkish translations of the Sharafnāma were produced in the Kurdish princely courts of Bidlīs and Pālū. The translators were Muḥammad Bēg b. Aḥmad Bēg, a great-great-grandson of Sharaf Khān II, the author of the work, and Sham‘ī, a secretary at the court of Amīr Yanṣūr Bēg, prince of Pālū. While their works differed in style and purpose, both men offered a reflection on the demise of Persian and increasing prestige of Turkish in Ottoman Kurdistan. In the case of Sham‘ī, this was supplemented by a more general observation on the various languages of the region. Evidence also suggests that while Persian was replaced by Turkish in the princely courts of Ottoman Kurdistan, some Kurdish literati and scholars instead chose to write part of their works in Kurdish. This article is a comparative study of Muḥammad Bēg and Sham‘ī’s translations, followed by a brief analysis of the associated sociolinguistic developments. ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIDîroknivîsî û ziman di Kurdistana Osmanî ya sedsala 17an de: Vekolînek li ser du wergerên tirkî yên ŞerefnameyêDi dehsalên dawî yên sedsala 11an/17an de, du wergerên tirkî yên Şerefnameyê li serayên mîrgehên Bidlîs û Palûyê hatin nivîsandin. Wergêrên van metnan Mihemed Beg kurê Ehmed Beg, kurê nevîçirkekî Şeref Xanê duyem ê nivîskarê berhemê yê eslî, û Şem’î, munşiyekî Emîr Yensûr Begê mîrê Palûyê bûn. Tevî ku armanc û şêweyê karên wan cuda bûn jî, herdu wergêran amaje bi lawazketina zimanê farsî û bilindbûna qîmeta zimanê tirkî li Kurdistana Osmanî kir. Li gel vê yekê, Şem’î herwiha nêrîneke giştî li ser zimanên cihê yên herêmê pêşkêş kir. Wekî din, tevî ku tirkî li serayên mîrên Kurdistana Osmanî dewsa farsî girt, hin zanyar û rewşenbîrên kurd tercîh kir ku beşek ji berhemên xwe bi kurdî binivîsînin. Ev gotar nirxandineke berhevdayî ya wergerên Şem’î û Mihemed Beg e, li gel pêdeçûneke kurt li ser pêşketinên civakî-zimanî yên pê ve girêdayî. ABSTRACT IN SORANIMêjûnûsî w ziman le Kurdistanî 'Usmanîy sedey 17hem da: twêjîneweyek bo dû wergêrranî turkîy ŞerefnameLe duwa deyekanî sedey 11hem/17hem da dû wergêrranî turkîy Şerefname le dîwanî mîrayetîy Bedlîs û Pallû berhem hatin. Wergêrrêkîyan Miḧemed begî kurrî Eḧmed beg bû, ke newey newey nûserî xudî berhemeke, wate Şerefxanî dûweme, wergêrrekey tirîş Şem'î, sikritêr le koşkî mîr Yensûr beg mîrî Pallû bû. Le katêk da karekanyan le rûy stayl û amancewe cuda bûn, herdû piyawekan amajey lawazbûnî zimanî farsî û hellkişanî payey zimanî turkî le kurdistanî 'Usmanî xiste rû. Le ḧalletî Şem'î da, eme be têrwanînêkî giştî ziyatir le merr zimanekanî herêmeke tewaw kira. Bellgekan ewe pêşniyar deken ke le katêk da le dîwanî mîrayetîy Kurdistanî 'Usmanî da zimanî farsî be zimanî turkî cêgay degorêtewe, hendêk le roşinbîr û zana kurdekan eweyan hellbijard ke beşêk le karekanyan be kurdî binûsinewe. Em babete twêjîneweyekî berawirdkarîye bo herdû wergêrranekeyi Miḧemed beg û Şem'î, we kurte hellsengandinêkî peywest bew geşesendine komellayetî-zimanewaniyey be duwa da dêt.

Intentions and their Effects on the Legality of Dispositions and Contracts

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Abdullah Muhammad al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Legal Contract ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Legal Opinions ◽  
The Right

In Islamic law judgements on any human action are usually evaluated in terms of the intention involved. Accordingly, the rules of substantive issues have to be accommodated under the basic principles of Islamic jurisprudence. The understanding of these principles by the juristic scholar is highly rewarding because it will lead the muftī to the right path in deriving legal opinions from the original sources. The basic principle of Islamic jurisprudence, which stipulates that ‘all actions depend on intentions,’ has played an important role in the construction of Islamic jurisprudence. Moreover, this rule has a special place in the theory of Islamic legal contract. So what is the effect of intention in the validity of human actions and legal contracts? It is known that pure intention has significant effects on spiritual worship and legal contracts of transaction. It also gives guidance for earning rewards from Almighty Allah. This article concentrates on the effect of intention in perpetual worship, the concept of action and intention in Islamic legal works, the kind of contract with all its components, and the jurists' views on the effects of intention in human action and legal contract along with their discussion and counter-arguments.

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