Northern Soulscapes: Writing through Brexit in the work of Gerald Dawe, Angela Graham and Dara McAnulty

At a time of when the global crises of pandemic and climate change could be said to offer sufficient challenges to life in the British and Irish Isles, the implementation of Brexit provides a further gargantuan difficulty. Borders, bureaucracies and belief systems dissolve like the certainty that subjects once felt to their connection to states or Unions. Or new borders and systems appear, bringing with them unwieldy new protocols and practices. Shelves empty, goods sit locked in containers; caught up in the holding pattern of another new normal of online retail inertia. Dislocation, fear and anger rise. The epicentre of the Brexit shambles can be said to be located in the ever betwixt and between location of Northern Ireland. Here with its newly imposed sea border with Great Britain and its maintenance of European Union relations with the Republic of Ireland we see a fractured and fractious society struggling as ever to come to terms with how to balance the aspiration of opposing ideologies and national ambitions with an additional level of chaos. In a time of catastrophe what can literature do? This question, often posed during “The Troubles” has very much come back to be painfully reiterated to writers, readers and critics at a time of multiple lockdowns. However, if an examination is made of publishing in Ireland in the last couple of years, we see a buoyant press offering a number of intriguing responses to the significance and efficacy of literature to respond to the current human predicament. In this article I will examine the work of three contemporary writers, Gerald Dawe, Angela Graham, and Dara McAnulty. I will argue that their use of genre (memoir, short story, nature diary) provides a fresh and robust response to the chaotic present of Northern Irish political life. In their separate ways they contest the fixed, static and impermeable political echo chamber of Northern Ireland. Dawe, I contend, seeks a means through his autobiographical work to retrace time and space in the history of the province and articulate alternative ways of interpreting the past. He is able to draw sustenance and restoration from often overlooked times of possibility in his own and the wider story of Belfast. In Graham’s case, I would suggest that her bold and assertive first collection of short stories provides an acerbic and raw inspection of the past but one that also provides glimpses of reconciliation and genuine hope in the face of trauma. I conclude by exploring the work of McAnulty. Ostensibly a diary that traces his engagements with nature, his book is a tour de force that reimagines Ireland as a location gripped in the ravages of the Anthropocene startlingly brought to life by a young man faced with the challenges of autism. Part memoir, part praise poem to nature, it is a remarkable coming of age non-fiction work, which along with Dawe’s and Graham’s writing suggests that Northern Irish literature offers a broad and brilliant retort to the current local and global calamities that we face.

THE IMAGE OF AN INDEPENDENT WOMAN (IN THE EXAMPLE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE'S JANE EYRE AND RASHOD NURI'S CHOLI KUSHI)

This article embodies the image of a strong independent woman, reflected in works from two different cultures, namely Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Rashod Nuri Gultegin’s Cholikushi. Both works are examples of autobiographical work. It reflects the path that Jane Eyre and Ferede have taken throughout their lives, how they can continue their lives without falling through hardships and obstacles, that is, the lives of women who have been able to restrain their patience and perseverance. Life never stops, it never stops. Happiness can be achieved only by overcoming the difficulties of life. Every woman has her own place in society and worldview. It is no exaggeration to say that these two works reflect the same two views. That is, women are the beauty of the world.

THE ROLE OF HISTORICAL WORKS IN THE STUDY OF ALISHER NAVOI'S BIOGRAPHY

The life and work of the creators are naturally studied in connection with the historical and literary environment of the period in which he lived. In some places, it is expedient to compare the artists with their contemporaries, and in some places, the attitude of their fans, and vice versa, to give information about their opponents. In order to inform students about the biography of the artist, the teacher will need to study the most important information, use the necessary methodological manuals and literature in order to make the lesson meaningful and interesting. In particular, the use of memoirs written by his contemporaries, architectural works, or memoirs and letters written by the artist about himself, also provides a meaningful lesson. Either the works created by the artist also in some sense complement the information about his personality. Key words and phrases: Alisher Navoi's way of life. Hasbu hol. Architectural work. Memory of contemporaries. Tazkiranavislik. Historical sources. Translation hol. Autobiographical work. Textbook "Literature". Method of teaching and explanation.

Maya’s Materialistic Longings Resulting in Alienation and Frustration: A Feminist Reading of Anita Desai’s Cry, the Peacock

Anita Mazumdar Desai occupies a much privileged place in the Indian Writing in English. She is known as an acclaimed Indian woman novelist who deals with the psychological problems of her women characters. She was born in 24 June 1937 in Mussoorie. Her father D.N. Majumdar was a Bengali businessman and her mother Toni Nime was a German immigrant. Anita Desai is working as Emeritus John E. Buchard Professor of Humanities at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Anita Desai got a congenial environment to learn different languages in her own home and neighbourhood. She learnt Hindi from her neighbourhood. They used to speak German, Bengali, Urdu and English at their home. She learnt English at her school. She attended Queens Mary Higher Senior Secondary School in Delhi and she did her B.A. in 1957 from the Miranda House of the University of Delhi. So far is Anita Desai literary career is concerned, she wrote her first novel Cry, the Peacock in 1963. With the help of P. Lal, they founded the publishing firm Writers Workshop. Clear Light of Day (1980) is her most autobiographical work. Her novel In Custody was enlisted for the Booker Prize. She became a creative writing teacher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993. When she published her novel Fasting Feasting and it won the Booker Prize in 1999, she came to the limelight. She was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times in 1980, 1984 and 1999 for her novels Clear Light of Day (1980), In Custody (1984) and Fasting Feasting (1999) respectively. She received Padma Bhushan in 2014 also. She has received Sahitya Akademi Award in 1937 for her well-known novel Fire on the Mountain. The present paper analyses the central female protagonist Maya’s materialistic pursuits which turn in a great catastrophe for her in the novel Cry, the Peacock.

Pain and Pleasure in Kamala Das’ My Story

Pain and Pleasure are the two psychological terms, used in English language and literature to show or describe the state of human mind with the perception of occurring incidents in their lives. In the relation of meaning, both of the terms are adversative adjectives to each other but both have the most important elements in the existence of human beings in the absence of each other. Pain describes the dark side of life or mental the state of human sufferings while pleasure is expressed during the mental state of joy and entertainment or light side of the life. Both of the terms have been well expressed in the autobiographical work of Kamala Das, My Story published in February 1973. This paper is going to explore the human state of mind in the most autobiographical work of Kamala Das, the female Keats and Lawrence of Indian English literature.

Growing up of Laszlo Garaczi and his «Lemur»

The article draws attention to the feature of postmodern discourse in a qua-si-autobiographical work, which in fact, is not the organization of memory, but fo-cusing on the events of the speech flow. In Laszlo Garaczi’s novel «What Fun We Have on This Coach Ride!», on the one hand, the life of a typical schoolboy of the 1960s is considered, and on the other hand, through this prism, the main problems of socialist society are revealed. Through deconstructing a devastated old language and creating a new one, the approach applied exposes the process of the adult world degradation (the world of parents and teachers, which seemed to represent a stable position in society), it shows them as the poor with the dictatorial tendencies of people, whose human and professional prestige is removed in parallel by (no)education of the teenager, the main character in the novel, who faces both the crisis of personal identity and the experience of socialism.The purpose of the linguopoetic analysis is to reveal the main metaphors and similes in the text of the novel. They cover both the process of the lemur’s growing up and his image appearing in different forms, as well as the meaning of «riding a bus». It contributes to the understanding of the novelsense.Summing up even such a brief study of the sample belonged to Hungarian proseallows the author to emphasize the importance of postmodern attitude to the tropes for both the reading general public and for a narrow circle of specialists.

Ronald Blythe: ‘Just a voice for his time’

Ronald Blythe is often seen as Britain’s finest living rural writer. He has published over thirty books, some of them, like Akenfield and The View in Winter, widely acknowledged as classics, inspiring a film and follow-up books by others. His literary output has been extraordinary: novels, short stories, poetry, rural documentary writing, oral history, ‘parish’ writing, religious books, his own autobiographical work (among a remarkable milieu of creative people), and historical studies ranging from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. He has also edited a great range of authors and types of writing. Ronald Blythe is especially an East Anglian author, writing about that English region, in whose work the local and the religious are often to the fore. As this famous author approaches one hundred years of age, this article is a forthright academic appreciation of his work, a discussion of its themes and impressive variety, and an analysis of the meanings and importance of his writing to modern readerships.

STUDYING THE WORKS OF F.M. DOSTOEVSKY IN A MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

В статье предлагается система занятий, направленная на осуществление аксиологического подхода к творчеству Ф.М. Достоевского. В 8-м классе изучается повесть «Неточка Незванова», в 9-м классе происходит знакомство с одной сюжетной линией романа «Преступление и наказание» – историей семьи Мармеладовых. Обращение к Евангелию позволит понять тему Страшного суда, идею спасения и воскресения. В 10-м классе учащиеся знакомятся с понятием доминанты А.А. Ухтомского – направленности личности, что позволит объяснить Петербург Раскольникова, его теорию и его идеологическое преступление. Рассказ о Двойнике и Собеседнике (учение А.А. Ухтомского) поможет понять, почему происходит отторжение Раскольниковым Лужина и Свидригайлова, в которых он видит своего Двойника, и почему Раскольникову необходимо общение с Соней Мармеладовой, которая становится его Собеседником. Эпилог романа можно соотнести с «Записками из Мертвого дома» Ф.М. Достоевского, автобиографическим произведением. Завершить изучение творчества Достоевского предлагается программным рассказом «Сон смешного человека». A system of classes aimed at implementing an axiological approach to the work of F.M. Dostoevsky is proposed. In the 8th grade, the story Netochka Nezvanova is studied, the story of the musician Efimov correlates with the gospel parable about talent. In the 9th grade there is an acquaintance with one storyline of the novel Crime and punishment – the history of the Marmaladov family. Turning to the gospel will help you understand the theme of the Last Judgment, the idea of salvation and resurrection. In the 10th grade familiarity with the concept of dominant by A.A. Ukhtomsky – the orientation of the personality – will help to explain Raskolnikov's Petersburg, his theory and his ideological crime. The story about the Double and the Interlocutor (the teachings of A.A. Ukhtomsky) will help you understand why Raskolnikov rejects Luzhin and Svidrigailov, in whom he sees his Double, and why Raskolnikov needs to communicate with Sonya Marmeladova, who becomes his Interlocutor. The epilogue of the novel can be correlated with The House of the Dead by F.M. Dostoevsky, an autobiographical work. To complete the study of Dostoevsky's work, you can use the program story «The Dream of a Ridiculous Man».

"Vestirme de hombre y montar a caballo". Androginia y mujer moderna en la novela autobiográfica "Oculto sendero", de Elena Fortún

The writer Elena Fortún (Madrid, 1886-1952) is famous for her paradigmatic fictional character for children: the imaginative, frisky Celia. This article aims to analyze the most alternative work of the author, Oculto camino, published for the first time in 2016 after decades hidden in a suitcase: the author did not want to have it published while she was alive. It is an autobiographical work where Fortún uses the character of the painter María Luisa Arroyo to talk about her own process of discovering a sexual orientation that an authoritarian mother, marriage and social pressure prevented her from fully living. This article studies the link between the concept of «modern woman» and the taking up of an androgynous aesthetic, based on the story of María Luisa.

Poeta sam na sam z sobą – dziennik osobisty Romana Witolda Ingardena

W Archiwum Rodziny Ingardenów zachował się liczący ponad 400 stron pamiętnik Romana Witolda Ingardena. Ten osobisty dokument nie jest zupełnie nieznany w polskiej literaturze fachowej na temat życia i twórczości fenomenologa. Ingarden jako autor dzieła autobiograficznego nie był z pewnością wyjątkiem w swoich czasach. Na przełomie XIX i XX wieku wiele osób pisało pamiętniki i inne narracje życiowe. Warto wspomnieć, że osobiste dzienniki (później opublikowane lub pozostające do dziś w formie rękopiśmiennej) tworzyli Kazimierz Twardowski, Władysław Tatarkiewicz i inni polscy filozofowie. Ponadto niezwykle popularna była praktyka pisania listów, a także poezji noszącej znamiona autobiograficzne. Należy zaznaczyć, że tekst ten nie powstał pierwotnie jako dokument autobiograficzny filozofa, ale jako zapis życia niedoszłego artysty. Ingarden był poetą przez dużą część swojego życia i pisał wiersze również po drugiej wojnie światowej. Poet Confronted with Himself – Personal Journal of Roman Witold Ingarden The Ingarden family archive includes the diary of Roman Witold Ingarden, over 400 pages long. This personal document is not completely unknown in Polish specialist literature dealing with the life and work of the phenomenologist. As an author of an autobiographical work, Ingarden was certainly not an exception in his times. At the turn of the 19th and the 20th century, many people wrote diaries and other life narratives. It is worth noting that personal journals (some later published and some still available only in handwritten form) were written by Kazimierz Twardowski, Władysław Tatarkiewicz, and other Polish philosophers. It was also enormously popular to write letters and poetry bearing autobiographical traces. It should be noted that the text analysed in the article was not originally created as an autobiographical document of a philosopher, but as an account of the life of an aspiring artist. Ingarden was a poet for a large part of his life and continued to write poetry even after the Second World War.