scholarly journals FOREIGN TRADE REGULATION IN THE ECONOMY OF SMALL AND BIG COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (127) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
O. Chugaiev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Trade Regulation ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
The Government

Size of economy is a factor of international trade regulation. We systematize the effects described in existing research works. Size of economy influences export and import priorities of foreign trade policy, efficiency of tariff regulation or tariff liberalization, sophistication of customs procedures, indirect tax rates for imports, prevalence of subsidies and trade remedies, importance of foreign trade taxes for the government revenues, opportunities and stimuli for trade disputes and wars. It is more difficult for small countries to carry out import substitution policy. In small countries tariff regulation is less efficient, considering the absence of the terms of trade effect and market competition deterioration. But under larger trade openness customs tariffs are more important for the state budget of small countries. Non-tariff regulation is more sophisticated in large countries. The balance of economic stimuli and opportunities in trade wars and disputes is not favorable for middle-sized economies. We extrapolate the abovementioned effects to Ukraine as a middle-sized economy. This allows us to provide recommendations for its foreign trade policy: differentiated trade liberalization, dependence of the optimal foreign trade taxation level on trade openness and trade balance, collective trade sanctions.

scholarly journals Keys and Tensions in Argentina's Foreign Trade Policy Strategy in the Search for an "Smart Insertion into the World" (2015-2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Julieta Zelicovich
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
The Political ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
External Trade ◽  
International Context ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Domestic Level

After 12 years of Kirchnerist administrations, the government of Mauricio Macri have imparted substantial changes in the Argentinean foreign and economic policy. These changes have been reflected in a redesign of the foreign trade policy. We wonder what have been the characteristics of this policy during “Cambiemos” administration. In light balance of payments data, why have the results regarding the country's external trade insertion been limited? For this purpose, the paper analyzes the principles, objectives and actions implemented, as well as the articulation of internal and external constraints (or variables) in this government, between December 2015 and October 2018. It is argued that the foreign trade policy has faced a context that was not very permissive, and fell prey to foreign policy’s "bad diagnosis" of the international context; and that this, articulated with the political and economic contradictions that occurred at the domestic level, acted to the detriment of the objectives set for a “smart international insertion”.

scholarly journals FOREIGN TRADE POLICY FOR INTEGRATION INTO GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Igor Guzhva ◽  
Petro Nebotov ◽  
Yevhen Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Regulation ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to define and argue the key criteria and directions of foreign trade policy, which become crucial in conditions of country’s integration into global value chains, as well as to reveal the impact of major regulatory barriers to trade that prevent Ukraine’s integration into global value chains. The subject-matter of the study is the peculiarities of foreign trade regulation under global value chains expansion. Methodology. The methodological principles of research involve the joint application of a set of well-known common scientific methods, as well as special research methods in economics, such as the method of system and structural analysis to generalize spheres, directions, and tools of GVC-friendly trade regulation. Results. The essence of global value chains as a modern concept for international trade analysis is revealed. New approaches to trade and economic policy aimed at improving the country’s participation in global value chains are analysed. Key spheres, in which bottlenecks for global value chains usually occur, are investigated. The growing importance of liberalization of trade in services in order to integrate into GVC successfully is stressed. Main barriers that prevent the Ukrainian economy from effective integration into GVC are outlined. Basic shortcomings in Ukraine’s export control system that constrain the expansion of the country’s exports of dual-use goods and technologies are outlined. Practical implications. The article contains a comprehensive set of tools and regulations to revise approaches, directions, and efficiency criteria of governmental foreign trade policy according to global value chains concept. Value/originality. Identified requirements for foreign trade policy allowed investigating the effectiveness and perspectives of Ukraine’s trade and investment regime from a GVC point of view.

Free Trade versus Protection : Static and Dynamic Aspects

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Gunnar Flфystad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Optimal Taxation ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Taxation Policy

This paper analyses whether the developing countries are pursuing an optimal foreign trade policy, given the theoretical and empirical evidence we have. The paper concludes that constraints in imposing other taxes than tariffs in many developing countries may justify having tariffs as part of an optimal taxation policy.

Foreign Trade of Russia: Barometer Foretells Storm

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
V. Obolenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

The development of Russian foreign trade during the previous five years is analyzed. It is stated that, in terms of value, exports of services and imports of goods and services steadily grew during the first four years of the period under review. Exports of goods also rose during three years, but in 2014 both exports and imports again fell in comparison with the previous year as was the case five years ago. The composition of the Russian exports and imports of goods did not change radically during the previous years. The main items of export are, as always, mineral products, metals and fertilizers. Import is prevailed by foodstuffs, chemicals and heavy engineering equipment. The current situation is featured by the reduction of world oil prices, slump of the domestic economy and war of sanctions with the Western countries. All this substantially impairs the conditions of Russia’s foreign trade activities and inhibits its development in the upcoming years. In the author’s view, the implementation of measures worked out by the government – correction of tariff liabilities before the WTO, redirecting of trade streams from the European to the Asian markets, import substitution and export support – will unlikely improve the situation. Revision of the liabilities before the WTO in the conditions of the decrease of the internal demand and serious devaluation of Ruble is considered as inappropriate and counterproductive. “Asiatic turn” is only capable to compensate to a certain respect the loss of supplies of some food products from Europe, but cannot fully offset the loss of potentialities of the acquisition of modern technologies and equipment from the developed countries. It is doubtful that it will be possible to dramatically cut the import dependence. It is necessary to replace many kinds of foreign goods, but it is impossible to implement a frontal substitution of import in all directions. Excessive stress on the import substitution might lead to the emergence of shortages and poorer availability of some goods at the internal market and, at the worst, to self-isolation and economic autarky. The attempts to build up an effective system of export support might be successful only in the conditions of the establishment of the large-scale production of goods and services which would be comparable with the foreign analogues in respect to the criteria of price and quality. Taking this into consideration the technological renovation of production processes, first of all in the manufacturing industry, and on this basis rising up of the competitiveness of plants and factories are the most important prerequisites for encouraging export activities and formation of the new export specialization of the country.

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