Reviews of the Literature

1955 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Central Bond ◽  
Definition Of

This book is meant as an overview of the rapidly increasing literature on "those social roles which arise from the classification of men by the work they do." The core of his problem, Professor Caplow states, is the interplay of such factors as "the availability of natural resources, political ideologies, and the legal structure … with the more or less predictable consequences of the division of labor" (e.g. size, specialization, and rationalization). His underlying assumption, he says, is Durkheim's: occupation is the central bond of solidarity in modern urban society. Neither the formal definition of task nor the underlying assumption are pursued systematically—and, in fact, occupational groupings are later seen as subordinate to "more fundamental affiliations based on kinship, locality, religion, property, and status." (p. 182).

A Systemic Approach for the Formalization of the Information Systems Concept

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mora ◽  
Ovsei Gelman ◽  
Francisco Cervantes ◽  
Marcelo MejIa ◽  
Alfredo Weitzenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Concept System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Definition Of

In the new economic context, based on Information and Knowledge resources, the concepts of Information Systems and Information Technology (IS&IT) are fundamental to understand the organizational and managerial process in all levels: strategic, tactic and operational. From an academic and practitioner perspective, we pose that the correct use of the concept of IS&IT, and in specific of Information Systems, is critical. First ones need to study the same object and second ones need to use the same common conceptual knowledge about what are Information Systems. Nevertheless, uniquely informal and semiformal definitions of Information Systems have been reported in the literature and thus a formal definition based on core systemic foundations is missing. For these reasons, the conceptualization and formal definition of what are Information Systems acquires a relevant research and praxis status. This chapter addresses this problematic situation posing a formal definition of the term Information Systems based on core theoretical principles of the Systems Approach. For that, we firstly review the foundations of Systems Approach to establish the basis for our conceptual development. Then, an updated formal definition of the core concept System originally developed by Gelman and Garcia (1989) and that incorporates new insights from other systemic researchers is presented. With these theoretical bases, we proceed to review the contributions and limitations of main informal and semiformal definitions of the term Information Systems reported at the literature. Then the new formal definition of this term is developed using the updated formal definition of the term System. We continue with a discussion of how the definition posed formalizes systemic concepts of previous definitions, of how these are partial cases of the new definition and of how it can be used to model and study Information Systems in organizations. Finally, we conclude with main remarks and implications of this definition and with directions for further research.

Petrophysical Rocks: Electrofacies and Lithofacies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Doveton
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Well Control ◽  
The Core ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
Petrophysical Logs ◽  
Definition Of

Many years ago, the classification of sedimentary rocks was largely descriptive and relied primarily on petrographic methods for composition and granulometry for particle size. The compositional aspect broadly matches the goals of the previous chapter in estimating mineral content from petrophysical logs. With the development of sedimentology, sedimentary rocks were now considered in terms of the depositional environment in which they originated. Uniformitarianism, the doctrine that the present is the key to the past, linked the formation of sediments in the modern day to their ancient lithified equivalents. Classification was now structured in terms of genesis and formalized in the concept of “facies.” A widely quoted definition of facies was given by Reading (1978) who stated, “A facies should ideally be a distinctive rock that forms under certain conditions of sedimentation reflecting a particular process or environment.” This concept identifies facies as process products which, when lithified in the subsurface, form genetic units that can be correlated with well control to establish the geological architecture of a field. The matching of facies with modern depositional analogs means that dimensional measures, such as shape and lateral extent, can be used to condition reasonable geomodels, particularly when well control is sparse or nonuniform. Most wells are logged rather than cored, so that the identification of facies in cores usually provides only a modicum of information to characterize the architecture of an entire field. Consequently, many studies have been made to predict lithofacies from log measurements in order to augment core observations in the development of a satisfactory geomodel that describes the structure of genetic layers across a field. The term “electrofacies” was introduced by Serra and Abbott (1980) as a way to characterize collective associations of log responses that are linked with geological attributes. They defined electrofacies to be “the set of log responses which characterizes a bed and permits it to be distinguished from the others.” Electrofacies are clearly determined by geology, because physical properties of rocks. The intent of electrofacies identification is generally to match them with lithofacies identified in the core or an outcrop.

A Unified Taxonomy Framework of Trust

2011 ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiliang Zhao ◽  
Vijay Varadharajan ◽  
George Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Trust Management ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Trust Relationship ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Trust Relationships ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Definition Of

In this chapter, we provide a formal definition of trust relationship with a strict mathematical structure that can reflect many of the commonly used notions of trust. Based on this formal definition, we propose a unified taxonomy framework of trust. Under the taxonomy framework, we discuss classification of trust. In particular, we address the base level authentication trust at the lower layer and a hierarchy of trust relationships at a higher level. We provide a set of definitions, propositions, and operations based on the relations of trust relationships. Then we define and discuss properties of trust direction and trust symmetry. We define the trust scope label in order to describe the scope and diversity of trust relationship. All the definitions about the properties of trust become elements of the unified taxonomy framework of trust. Some example scenarios are provided to illustrate the concepts in the taxonomy framework. The taxonomy framework of trust will provide accurate terms and useful tools for enabling the analysis, design, and implementation of trust. The taxonomy framework of trust is first part of research for the overall methodology of trust relationships and trust management in distributed systems.

scholarly journals Syntactic soundness proof of a type-and-capability system with hidden state

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANÇOIS POTTIER
Keyword(s):  
Linear Logic ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Type System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Proof Technique ◽  
The Core ◽  
Proof Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intuitionistic Linear Logic

AbstractThis paper presents a formal definition and machine-checked soundness proof for a very expressive type-and-capability system, that is, a low-level type system that keeps precise track of ownership and side effects. The programming language has first-class functions and references. The type system's features include the following: universal, existential, and recursive types; subtyping; a distinction between affine and unrestricted data; support for strong updates; support for naming values and heap fragments via singleton and group regions; a distinction between ordinary values (which exist at runtime) and capabilities (which do not); support for dynamic reorganizations of the ownership hierarchy by disassembling and reassembling capabilities; and support for temporarily or permanently hiding a capability via frame and anti-frame rules. One contribution of the paper is the definition of the type-and-capability system itself. We present the system as modularly as possible. In particular, at the core of the system, the treatment of affinity, in the style of dual intuitionistic linear logic, is formulated in terms of an arbitrarymonotonic separation algebra, a novel axiomatization of resources, ownership, and the manner in which they evolve with time. Only the peripheral layers of the system are aware that we are dealing with a specific monotonic separation algebra, whose resources are references and regions. This semi-abstract organization should facilitate further extensions of the system with new forms of resources. The other main contribution is a machine-checked proof of type soundness. The proof is carried out in the Wright and Felleisen's syntactic style. This offers an evidence that this relatively simple-minded proof technique can scale up to systems of this complexity, and constitutes a viable alternative to more sophisticated semantic proof techniques. We do not claim that the syntactic technique is superior: We simply illustrate how it is used and highlight its strengths and shortcomings.

scholarly journals International Classification of Functioning in professional rehabilitation: instruments for assessing work disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Juliana Scholtão Luna ◽  
Gina Torres Rego Monteiro ◽  
Rosalina Jorge Koifman ◽  
Anke Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
International Classification ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Definition Of

OBJECTIVE: To review the main instruments of functional assessment and health status cited in the literature to evaluate Brazilian workers and verify the compatibility of their items with the core set for professional rehabilitation. METHODS: A review of the literature was conducted in the main databases in search of articles that used assessment instruments in populations of workers between 2007 and 2017. Subsequently, the contents of the identified instruments were retrieved, and two evaluators analyzed their items to verify the compatibility with the categories of the core set of the International Classification of Functioning for professional rehabilitation. Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement between the evaluators. RESULTS: Five specific and eight generic instruments were selected to evaluate the functioning of workers. The analysis of the items of the total instruments allowed the definition of 58 categories (64.5%) of the core set with minimal overlap: 13 (76.5%) of the body functions component, 29 (72.5%) of the activities and participation component and 16 (49%) environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: The association of several instruments requires time and makes it difficult to use the classification. The development of instruments with direct association with its categories is essential to operationalize it.

ISF: A Visual Formalism for Specifying Interconnection Styles for Software Design

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 517-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiros Mancoridis
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Deductive Database ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
The Core ◽  
Custom Design ◽  
Database Technology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Visual Notation

We have developed a framework for specifying high-level software designs. The core of the framework is a very simple visual notation. This notation enables designers to document designs as labelled rectangles and directed edges. In addition to the notation, our framework features a supporting formalism, called ISF (Interconnection Style Formalism). This formalism enables designers to customize the simple design notation by specifying the type of entities, relations, legal configurations of entities and relations, as well as scoping rules of the custom notation. In this paper we present the formal definition of ISF and use ISF to specify two custom design notations. We also describe how ISF specifications, using deductive database technology, are used to generate supporting tools for these custom notations.

scholarly journals Taskoids: A Formal Definition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Bheemaiah
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Automated Coding ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Digital Human

Abstract:A formal definition of taskoids with a future market in trading in work credits with carbon credits and the happiness index clock. Taskoids are defined with a machine genome basis as the quantification of the automation of tasks. They stem from the natural programming, mathematical programming and automated persistence cloud model of computing with computer-assisted code generation. In this paper, we formally define a taskoid and use AWS infrastructure as a service to define IAC rules, encrypted in machine genome to customize solutions using AWS for tasks using a machine genome to transcript YAML or JSON representations.Keywords: Taskoids, Quantification, machine genome, cloud computing, YAML, JSONWhat:Formal Definition of Taskoids. The formal definition of machine genome.Definition and classification of task compatibility as the formulation of automation.Example of an AWS CloudWatch and CloudFormation based JSON based Taskoid.How:Taskoids are meta-programs that use existing codebases and automated coding to encrypt in machine genome a quantIfication of automation.Why:Similar to Soul Machines and Digital DNA of Digital Human designs, we create taskoids with machine genome to easily or automatically configure IAC to an application for a class of task computability.

scholarly journals Between Self-awareness and Descent: Constructing Lithuanian Identity in Re-established Lithuania, 1988–1993

Lituanistica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Daukšas
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Core Element ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of

The early years of the independence of the Lithuanian state in the last decade of the twentieth century witnessed the construction of the nationhood through the evolving definition of “we” and “the other” in the nation. The Lithuanian diaspora took an active part in the discussions of defining one’s belonging to a nation. The core element in the discussion was the Law on Citizenship of the Republic Lithuania of 1991, which could be seen as a tool for classification of the population in defining an individual’s belonging to the nation. In this law, gradual clarification of the notion of the Lithuanian descent could be seen as inclusion of the diaspora in the category of ‘we’ in the general framework of the nationhood. The analysis of media articles of that period gives a vivid picture of the process of the construction of national belonging and reveals quite innovative interpretations of belonging proposed by the diaspora. Lithuanian émigrés questioned the established assumption in nationalist thinking that regarded the territory as the main precondition for belonging to a nation; instead, they suggested definitions of belonging based on common self-awareness, language, and the like, but their main criterion was the Lithuanian descent.

Serializing languages as satellite-framed

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Lambert-Brétière
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Motion Path ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Serial Verb Constructions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Serial Verb ◽  
Definition Of

Languages expressing motion events through serial verb constructions are categorized in various ways according to the typology of motion events. This paper challenges the typological classification of serializing languages by proposing that a serializing language like Fon is better analyzed as a satellite-framed language, lexicalizing the core-schema of motion — Path — in a verb satellite, than as verb-framed or equipollently-framed. Semantic and syntactic arguments are presented and lead to a new definition of verbal satellite in functional terms. It is further demonstrated that there is no need for a special treatment of serializing languages like Fon when conceiving the typology of motion events as a bipolar typological continuum, with at one end the verb-framing pattern and at the other end, the satellite-framing pattern.

Typology of life quality and statistical measurement

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Borys
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Content ◽  
Definition Of

The article presents the importance of research on quality of life, the general concept of this category and criteria for the classification of generating important typologies quality of life, the description of which is the core content of the article. The article is development of the ideas and proposals put forward in earlier publications of the author. The added value of this work lies primarily in identifying two tendencies in discussions on the terminology of life quality and derived concepts. An attempt was made to determine the general concept of life quality, taking into account the proposed definition of axiological ground. Also typology classification criteria of quality were grouped for those that are disclosed axiology and those with hidden axiology. The study also presents some problems with measuring the quality of life within particular its classifications.

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