Increasing Vitamin a Consumption in Young Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Elena Hurtado ◽  
Eugenia de Tejada ◽  
Christa de Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Mothers And Children

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in indigenous Mayan areas in Guatemala have included among their program goals increased consumption of vitamin A-rich foods by infants and small children. The application of international infant and child feeding recommendations at the community level is often problematic, however, and questions arise regarding the most appropriate recommendations to promote among particular social groups. The answers can depend upon the specific vitamin A-rich foods available, accessible, and acceptable to mothers and children, and on customary caring and feeding behaviors.

Review of the Micronutrient Situation in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Joanne E. Arsenault ◽  
Deanna K. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Context Specific

Background: Rwanda’s commitment to reducing malnutrition is evident in their multisectoral nutrition policy and wide array of nutrition partners. However, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and the suitability of current strategies to address existing deficiencies is unclear. Objective: To review the available evidence related to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the life cycle and strategies in place to address them. Methods: We reviewed scientific and grey literature on nutritional problems in Rwanda, emphasizing micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, and current strategies to address micronutrient malnutrition. Results: Overall, there is scant evidence related to the types and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among populations across the life cycle in Rwanda. Existing evidence is primarily limited to outdated or small regional surveys focusing on iron or vitamin A among women and young children. Surveys have assessed the prevalence of anemia and indicate that anemia is very high among young children and moderately high among other age-groups. However, there are limited data on the context-specific causes of anemia in Rwanda across population groups. Current nutrition strategies mainly target women and young children and are primarily designed to reduce vitamin A deficiency and/or anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusions: Rwanda has many nutrition programs in place that address micronutrient deficiencies in young children and a few for women of reproductive age. However, gaps exist in knowledge of the extent of different types of micronutrient deficiencies among all populations across the life cycle and whether the delivery of nutrients through current programs is meeting actual needs.

Interview Techniques vs Developmental Tests in Assessing the Intellectual Levels of Young Children

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriett E. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Developmental Level ◽  
Psychiatry Residents ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Psychiatric Residents ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
Bayley Scales

20 young children, 11 boys and 9 girls, 13 to 30 mo. of age were assessed developmentally on the Gesell Developmental Record by 2 psychiatric residents and on the Bayley scales by 2 psychologists. The psychologists and psychiatric residents also gave their opinions based on interviews of half of these children. Spearman correlations were high for Bayley and Gesell scores. Psychologists' estimates correlated better with the Bayley and the Gesell scores than did the estimates of psychiatry residents. Clearly, the structured tests were superior to interviewers' estimates in assessing the developmental level of these small children. After quite limited training, the psychiatric residents were able to use the Gesell scales effectively.

scholarly journals Are Category Labels Primary? Children Use Similarities to Reason About Social Groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Jordan ◽  
Yarrow Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Group Representations ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Coalitional Structure ◽  
Category Labels ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Social Inferences

While interpersonal similarities impact young children’s peer judgments, little work has assessed whether they also guide group-based reasoning. A common assumption has been that category labels rather than “mere” similarities are unique constituents of such reasoning; the present work challenges this. Children (ages 3–9) viewed groups defined by category labels or shared preferences, and their social inferences were assessed. By age 5, children used both types of information to license predictions about preferences (Study 1, n = 129) and richer forms of coalitional structure (Study 2, n = 205). Low-level explanations could not account for this pattern (Study 3, n = 72). Finally, older but not younger children privileged labeled categories when they were pitted against similarity (Study 4, n = 51). These studies show that young children use shared preferences to reason about relationships and coalitional structure, suggesting that similarities are central to the emergence of group representations.

Crotamiton Cream and Lotion in the Treatment of Infants and Young Children with Scabies

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Konstantinov ◽  
L Stanoeva ◽  
S J Yawalkar
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Fifty hospitalized infants and small children in the age-group of 3 months to 2 years admitted with scabies were treated with 5 applications of either 10% crotamiton cream or lotion on consecutive days. In this trial, the second to be performed exclusively in infants and young children, an improvement in itching was observed in all patients within 3 days of starting the treatment and the examination on Day 7 showed absence of skin lesions in all patients. Crotamiton cream as well as lotion rendered a 100% cure rate. All patients, including those having secondary pyoderma and/or eczematization tolerated the treatment with crotamiton cream and lotion well and no adverse reactions, either due to the topical application or to the transcutaneous systemic absorption of crotamiton, were reported. Post-treatment laboratory investigations did not reveal any unwanted effect due to transcutaneous systemic absorption of crotamiton on the blood, kidneys or liver. Crotamiton is the only scabicide available today which displays not only antipruritic but also marked antibacterial properties. It is especially indicated in the treatment of scabies in children as they are very prone to secondary bacterial infection following scratching. In view of its good efficacy and excellent tolerability the 5-application treatment schedule, with crotamiton cream applied to the whole body from the chin downward, can therefore be recommended as an optimum form of treatment for scabies in infants and young children.

Social and cultural aspects of child feeding early age

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Sabir Nurgalam Amiraliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cultural Aspects

Eating habits formed at an early age will have different consequences throughout people's lives. For the first 6 months of life, it is recommended that the baby be exclusively breastfed, as breast milk is the only food that can satisfy all the nutritional and emotional needs of the baby during this period and provide an intense bond between mother and baby. In addition, there is a positive association between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and a healthier diet in later childhood. Key words: food, eating habits, young children

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