Social and cultural aspects of child feeding early age

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Sabir Nurgalam Amiraliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cultural Aspects

Eating habits formed at an early age will have different consequences throughout people's lives. For the first 6 months of life, it is recommended that the baby be exclusively breastfed, as breast milk is the only food that can satisfy all the nutritional and emotional needs of the baby during this period and provide an intense bond between mother and baby. In addition, there is a positive association between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and a healthier diet in later childhood. Key words: food, eating habits, young children

scholarly journals Donated breast milk substitutes and incidence of diarrhoea among infants and young children after the May 2006 earthquake in Yogyakarta and Central Java

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B Hipgrave ◽  
Fitsum Assefa ◽  
Anna Winoto ◽  
Sri Sukotjo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Infants And Young Children

AbstractObjectiveDistribution of breast milk substitutes (BMS) after the 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake was uncontrolled and widespread. We assessed the magnitude of BMS distribution after the earthquake, its impact on feeding practices and the association between consumption of infant formula and diarrhoea among infants and young children.DesignOne month after the earthquake, caregivers of 831 children aged 0–23 months were surveyed regarding receipt of unsolicited donations of BMS, and on recent child-feeding practices and diarrhoeal illness.SettingCommunity-level survey in an earthquake-affected district.SubjectsPrimary caregivers of surveyed children.ResultsIn all, 75 % of households with an infant aged 0–5 months and 80 % of all households surveyed received donated infant formula; 76 % of all households received commercial porridge and 49 % received powdered milk. Only 32 % of 0–5-month-old infants had consumed formula before the earthquake, but 43 % had in the 24 h preceding the survey (P< 0·001). Consumption of all types of BMS was significantly higher among those who received donated commodities, regardless of age (P< 0·01). One-week diarrhoea incidence among those who received donated infant formula (25·4 %) was higher than among those who did not (11·5 %; relative risk = 2·12, 95 % CI = 1·34, 3·35). The rate of diarrhoea among those aged 12–23 months was around five times the pre-earthquake rate.ConclusionsThere were strong associations between receipt of BMS and changes in feeding practices, and between receipt of infant formula and diarrhoea. Uncontrolled distribution of infant formula exacerbates the risk of diarrhoea among infants and young children in emergencies.

scholarly journals Protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding practices and the introduction of complementary foods

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
I. N. Zakharova ◽  
L. V. Abolyan ◽  
N. G. Sugyan ◽  
A. E. Kuchina
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices

Breastfeeding is the gold standard of optimal nutrition and largely determines the health of the child not only at an early age, but also in subsequent periods of his life. Due to the optimal composition of breast milk, the child forms such features of lipid, carbohydrate, mineral and energy metabolism, which provide not only the best conditions for physical and intellectual development of the child, but also its social adaptation. Prolonged breastfeeding reduces the subsequent risk of developing socially significant diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since the 1970s, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) have been active in reviving the culture of breastfeeding. In 1989, they developed a joint declaration Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding Practices: the Special Role of Obstetric Services, which is based on Ten Principles of Successful Breastfeeding (training of medical personnel, antenatal preparation of pregnant women for breastfeeding, early breastfeeding in the delivery room, keeping mother and baby together and feeding a healthy baby on demand, helping mothers in difficult situations, exclusive breastfeeding, informing mothers about the dangers of pacifiers in initiating breastfeeding, follow-up assistance to mothers after discharge from the maternity hospital). The duration of exclusive breastfeeding (feeding only breast milk) is important for the health of the infant. According to the 2003 WHO recommendations, which are reflected in the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, exclusive breastfeeding should last 6 months. The national program for optimizing the feeding of children of the first year of life in the Russian Federation (2009, 2019) defines recommended periods of exclusive breastfeeding in the range of 4-6 months, and they depend on the health status of the infant. Modern industrially produced complementary foods are created taking into account the principles of healthy eating and contribute to the formation of proper nutritional behavior in children from an early age, which undoubtedly has a favorable effect on the child’s health in the future.

THE STUDY ON SITUATON OF EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING FOR THE FIRST 6 MONTHS IN HOI AN

2016 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Lan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Key Words Breast ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Breast milk is the most valuable source of food for infants, no food is comparable. However in many countries around the world including Vietnam, the breastfeeding prevalence has been declining. A report of the Ministry of Health showed that only 19.6% of infants in Vietnam were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months. The study was conducted in Hoi An with the aim at describing the situation of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of the mothers in Hoi An city, Quang Nam province and; identifying some factors affecting exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months in the study area. Methods: A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted in Hoi An city in December 2014. 516 mothers of infants aged from 6 to 12 months were directly interviewed on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Information about general characteristics of mothers and their infants, their knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding and the feeding types of their baby for the first 6 months was collected. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. Results: The exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months is 22.3%. Knowledge in breastfeeding and attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months are factors that significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months (OR = 3.3; p=0.001 and OR=10.4; p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months in Hoi An city is low. The promoting antenatal education in exclusive breastfeeding is necessary solution to improve exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months. Key words: breast milk, exclusive breastfeeding, Hoi An

I doveri della moglie secondo gli insegnamenti di alcuni predicatori e scrittori tardomedievali

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The Future

The society of medieval Europe had specific expectations for marriageable girls. From an early age girls were taught how to be wives and mothers, for example by being entrusted with the care of their younger siblings. The girls learned everything they would need in the future by observation. According to the teachings of preachers and writers at the time, girls, irrespective of their social status, were not meant to remain idle, as there were fears that with too much free time on their hands, they might spend it contemplating their looks, practising gestures that were to attract the attention of men or spending time alone in the streets and squares, thus exposing themselves to a variety of dangers. A wife was expected to bear a lot of children, preferably boys, because the mortality rate among young children was high at the time. Wifely duties also included raising children, at least until they were taken over by, for example, a tutor hired by the father, managing the household and ensuring every possible comfort for the husband. As Gilbert of Tournai noted, it was the mother who was expected to bring up the children in faith and to teach them good manners. The duties of the wife obviously depended on her social standing — different duties were expected from the wives of noblemen than from women lower down on the social ladder, who often had to help their husbands, in addition to doing everyday chores.

scholarly journals Systematic review: Symptoms of parental depression and anxiety and offspring overweight

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Paula Lobo Marco ◽  
Inaê Dutra Valério ◽  
Christian Loret de Mola Zanatti ◽  
Helen Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existing literature on the association between parents’ depression and anxiety and their influence on their children’s weight during childhood, identifying possible mechanisms involved in this association. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed, PsycINFO and SciELO databases, using the following descriptors: (maternal OR mother* OR parent* OR paternal OR father) AND (“common mental disorder” OR “mental health” OR “mental disorder” OR “depressive disorder” OR depress* OR anxiety OR “anxiety disorder”) AND (child* OR pediatric OR offspring) AND (overweight OR obes* OR “body mass index” OR BMI). A total of 1,187 articles were found after peer selection. RESULTS: In total, 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the review. Most of them investigated depressive symptoms and only three, symptoms of maternal anxiety. The evaluated studies suggested a positive association between symptoms of maternal depression and higher risk of childhood obesity. The results diverged according to the chronicity of depressive symptoms (episodic or recurrent depression) and income of the investigated country (high or middle income). Mechanisms were identified passing by quality of parenthood, affecting behaviors related to physical activity and child-feeding, as mediators of the association. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude there is evidence of a positive relationship between the occurrence of maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety and childhood obesity. It is emphasized the need for a better understanding on the effect of depressive symptoms and the contextual factors involved in this relationship so that effective intervention strategies can be implemented.

Methods of early diagnostics of severe pneumonia in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Sabir Nurgalam Amiraliev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Key Words Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumonia Severity ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Tissue Damage

Studies have shown that the severity and outcome of acute pneumonia largely depends on the prevalence of the focus of inflammation in the lung tissue, which is determined radiologically. We analyzed and determined a statistically significant effect of the degree of lung tissue damage on the severity and prognosis of pneumonia in young children, taking into account the conditions of infection. In pneumonia, χ² = 47.13 (p <0.001), indicates that the greater the degree of damage, the greater the likelihood of a severe course and unfavorable outcome of pneumonia. Key words: pneumonia, severity of the course, outcome, young children

THE UMBILICAL POLYP, A REMNANT OF THE OMPHALOMESENTERIC DUCT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Stanley E. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Meckel’S Diverticulum ◽  
Meckel's Diverticulum ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Omphalomesenteric Duct ◽  
Umbilical Polyp

THE PURPOSE of this paper is to report a recent case of an umbilical polyp and intestinal obstruction during the neonatal period. Umbilical polyps are rare. When present, they may be associated with Meckel's diverticulum because both are remnants of the omphalomesenteric duct. The presence of the visible polyp may give an external clue to otherwise obscure intraabdominal symptoms. A review of the literature earlier than 1916 is well summarized in a book by Thomas Cullen. This unusual volume lists six cases of umbilical polyp accompanied by other pathologic complications of Meckel's diverticulum. This author stressed that in these cases it should be pointed out to either the patient or his parents that possible intra-abdominal duct remnants may, at any time, give rise to symptoms such as intestinal obstruction. Penberthy and Benson reported a 9-year-old male with an umbilical polyp which had been present since birth and was without discharge. This youngster died following operation for intestinal obstruction due to volvulus about the diverticulum and its fibrous connection with the umbilical polyp. These authors pleaded for early elective operations in these cases prior to such complications. Gross gave other reasons for observation, and exploration at a reasonably early age, if a Meckel's diverticulum is suspected. Peritonitis from a ruptured Meckel's diverticulum is peculiarly dangerous; in young children the protecting omentum is inadequate and the migrating nature of the anomaly adds to the danger. Fluid from perforation of a diverticulum is usually of greater volume than that found in appendiceal rupture and abscess.

scholarly journals Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices by Rural Mothers of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Md Saizuddin ◽  
Md Shahidul Hasan ◽  
Md Rashidul Islam ◽  
Md Alfazzaman ◽  
MM Mafizur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Rural Mothers ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

A descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out to assess the pattern of infant & young child feeding practices by the rural mothers of Bangladesh with a sample size of 450 during the months of January, 2015 to December, 2015. Out of 450 children, 51.1% are female & 48.9% are male. The proportions of infants with early initiation of breastfeeding (13.6%) and exclusive breastfeeding fewer than six months (57.3%) and infants who received complementary feeding at the age of 6-8 months (55.7%) were low. It showed that 90.4% of mothers have knowledge on exclusive breast feeding but only 57.3% of them have practiced it for 4-6 months. It further revealed that only 8.4% of mothers & 13.6 % of fathers are illiterate. The main problems revealed from the study were late initiation of breastfeeding, low rates of exclusive breastfeeding and inappropriate complementary feeding practices. It further revealed that 69.3% of the respondents had two or less children and only 30.7% had three or more children.Medicine Today 2016 Vol.28(1): 1-5

scholarly journals Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children’s hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens ◽  
Ashley L Merianos ◽  
Georg E Matt
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Salivary Cotinine

BackgroundDust and surfaces are important sources of lead and pesticide exposure in young children. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate if third-hand smoke (THS) pollutants accumulate on the hands of children who live in environments where tobacco is used and if hand nicotine levels are associated with second-hand smoke (SHS), as measured by salivary cotinine.MethodsParticipants were parents and children (n=25; age mean (SD)=5.4 (5.3) years) presenting to the emergency department with a potentially SHS-related illness. A convenience sample of participants were recruited at baseline from an ongoing two-group, randomised controlled trial of a SHS reduction and tobacco cessation intervention. Parents were current smokers; thus, all children were at risk of SHS and THS exposure to varying extents. Primary outcome measures, which were assessed in child participants only, were hand nicotine and salivary cotinine. Parents reported sociodemographics and smoking patterns; children’s medical records were abstracted for chief complaint, medical history and discharge diagnosis.ResultsAll children had detectable hand nicotine (range=18.3–690.9 ng/wipe). All but one had detectable cotinine (range=1.2–28.8 ng/mL). Multiple linear regression results showed a significant positive association between hand nicotine and cotinine (p=0.009; semipartial r2=0.24), independent of child age.DiscussionThe higher-than-expected nicotine levels and significant association with cotinine indicate that THS may play a role in the overall exposure of young children to tobacco smoke toxicants and that hand wipes could be a useful marker of overall tobacco smoke pollution and a proxy for exposure.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02531594

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