Nanotechnology and the Modern University

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Mody
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Social Studies Of Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
The One

The novelty of nanotechnology presents social scientists with an interesting dilemma. On the one hand, the scientists and engineers doing nano research have been at it for such a brief time, and are performing such a diffuse array of activities, that it is very difficult to see what social scientists should be studying, much less how they should go about it. On the other hand, social scientists who study science and engineering have (at least over the past decade) focused largely on disciplines that are relatively marginal to nano—computing-information technology, genomics-biotech, psychology-cognitive science, economics, and medicine (this gross generalization is based on looking through the program of the annual Society for Social Studies of Science meeting for the past few years). There is very little sociology or anthropology of the core fields of nano (materials science, chemistry, applied and/or condensed matter physics, electrical and mechanical engineering)—though the exceptions are some of the best representatives of social studies of science (e.g. Hugh Gusterson, Laura McNamara, Bart Simon, Harry Collins). Obviously, some lessons from ethnographies or recent histories of biotech, economics, etc. will translate well to the study of nanotechnology; but we should also accept that it will probably take as long for social scientists to develop a methodology for nanotechnology as it will take scientists and engineers to develop a practice of nanotechnology.

Materials Education—A Renewal

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Liedl
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Central Position ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Materials have always been interwoven throughout the very fabric of man's history. The present reawakening to the value and importance of materials, however, has become a dominant factor in manufacturing, national security, international competition and trade, consumer products (quality and reliability), and even education. Other renewals of interest have occurred over the centuries, probably beginning with the formation of the first pot from clay. These renewals were associated with discoveries such as copper, iron, and the transistor. However, in the past 40 years the base for renewed interest has broadened.A true coupling of science and engineering into the field of materials was probably initiated in the 1940s and 1950s. Emphasis at that time was on metals and the “new” semiconductors, with an interest that incubated and grew to where their central position in national economies and man's daily life was recognized. In 1970 the National Academy of Sciences appointed a committee to conduct a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the field of “materials science and engineering.” The COSMAT report which resulted from that study had a dramatic impact on the field and has been a frame of reference for the past 17 years. These years have seen a virtual explosion of ideas, processes, and materials in the field.

The Emerging Undergraduate Curricula in Materials Science and Engineering

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Liedl
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Future Education ◽  
Basic Philosophy ◽  
Past Half

Much attention has again been brought to the question of undergraduate education for the “materials” field. The present reawakening relates to the release last fall of the report by the National Research Council's Committee on Materials Science and Engineering. This far-ranging study, popularly known as the MS&E Study, revealed the vitality, opportunities, challenges, and needs in materials science and engineering for the future. Education was one area that received much attention in this study because it is the enabling aspect for the field: no educated, trained personnel — no progress.When one considers the breadth of materials science and engineering, the problem of designing a unique undergraduate program becomes a major hurdle. The diversity of the field is, on one hand, a major asset in addressing problems but, on the other, a major obstacle to unifying an educational approach. This problem is not new since we have faced it over time as information and knowledge expands. However, the problem becomes magnified as the time frame for the doubling of information decreases. The explosion of information over the past half-century has drastically altered our outlook on materials, and the educational programs have been evolving with the changes. We are now at one of those crossroads where revolution versus evolution becomes a factor, i.e., the need to change basic philosophy and/or approach becomes the issue. If one doesn't consider a breakdown of the current materials classes into subgroups, then a reunification approach becomes not only desirable but absolutely necessary.

Approaches to an Integrated Undergraduate Education in Materials Science and Engineering

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merton C. Flemings ◽  
Donald R. Sadoway
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Electrical Engineers ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Way

This is an era of great excitement and opportunity in the materials field, particularly for those of us in universities. Our field has expanded greatly in recent years. Materials scientists and engineers have joined forces with physicists, chemists, electrical engineers and others to pave the way for major technological advances. Remarkable strides in instrumentation have brought insights unimagined a decade ago. The realization is growing in so many other fields of research and education that further advances are limited largely by the capabilities of materials. There is no field of engineering that could not improve the efficiency or performance of its products, if better materials were available.

Making Stuff at Princeton University

2011 ◽  
Vol 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Steinberg ◽  
Shannon Greco
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Science Center ◽  
School Students ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Scientists And Engineers

ABSTRACTThe Princeton Center for Complex Materials (PCCM) joined the PBS NOVA/MRS Making Stuff coalition and created a program to inspire middle school students and their teachers about materials science during exciting large programs at Princeton University and multiple pre and post events. As a National Science Foundation funded Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, it is part of PCCM’s mission to inspire and educate school children, teachers and the public about STEM and materials science. Research shows that it is critical to excite students at a young age and maintain that excitement, and without that these, students are two to three times less likely to have any interest in science and engineering and pursue science careers as adults. The Making Stuff TV series offered a great teachable moment in materials science for students and teachers alike. The four episodes, Stronger, Smaller, Smarter and Cleaner aired in January and February, 2011. Our complementary education program helped promote the viewership of the Making Stuff series in the region, and the NOVA episodes helped us by priming the teachers and students to learn more about materials science research conducted at Princeton University. The Making Stuff coalition events we conducted were designed to have the maximum positive impact on students’ attitudes towards science and scientists, in general, and materials scientists and engineers, specifically. Each and every student had an opportunity to interact with dozens of scientists and engineers, in the lab, at table demonstrations and lecture presentations. As an ongoing MRSEC education and outreach program we have developed many successful educational partnerships to increase our impact. Plus, through years of successful education programs and the participation of our materials scientists and engineers, we have cultivated great trust in the schools and local community. The schools eagerly joined as partners in the program to bring their students to the event. Teachers from those partner schools actively participated in associated professional development programs conducted by education staff and PCCM professors before and after the big event. Included were presentations by MRSEC members and the partners from Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton University’s chemistry department, DOE funded centers PP-SOC and PPPL, Liberty Science Center, Franklin Institute, our PBS partner NJN and our many school district partners.

scholarly journals Models at Work—Models in Decision Making

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Svetlova ◽  
Vanessa Dirksen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Studies Of Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practice Turn ◽  
Productive Role ◽  
Oriented Research

In recent years, research on modeling in both the philosophy of science and the social studies of science and technology has undergone an acute transformation. Philosophers and social scientists have begun to realize that science, in the words of Carrier and Nordmann, has increasingly shifted its focus from “epistemic or truth-oriented” research to “application-dominated” research. “Science is viewed today as an essentially practical endeavor” (Carrier and Nordmann 2011, 1) and should be considered in the context of its application. In accordance with this re-orienting of science, research on modeling has also changed. Still considering models as genuinely scientific tools, philosophers and social scientists promoted the “practice turn” that suggests a sharper focus on pragmatic issues and the performative and productive role of modeling. Application of models for the resolution of practice-related problems is viewed as an extension of science.

The Characteristics of a Pair of Dual Binary Canonical Frames Generated by Refinable Functions

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 864-867
Author(s):  
Zhong Yin Chen ◽  
Jian Tang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Refinable Functions ◽  
Wavelet Frame ◽  
Wavelet Frames ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Binary Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
Compactly Supported Functions

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field applyingthe properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. Wavelet analysis has become a popular subject in researching into materials science during the past twenty years. Nowadays, it has been developed a mathematical br- anch. In this paper, we show that there exist binary wavelet frames generated by several compactly supported functions which have good dual binary wavelet frames, but for which the canonical dual binary wavelet frame does not consist of wavelets. That is to say, the canonical dual binary wavelet frame cannot be generated by the translations and dilations of a single binary function.

Mathematical Modeling in Materials Science and Engineering

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Julian Szekely
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
The Common

During the past two decades, mathematical modeling has been gaining acceptance as a legitimate part of materials science and engineering. However, as common to all relatively new disciplines, we still lack a realistic perspective regarding the uses, limitations, and even the optimal methodologies of mathematical modeling techniques.The term “mathematical modeling” covers a broad range of activities, including molecular dynamics, other atomistic scale systems, continuum fluid and solid mechanics, deformation processing, systems analysis, input-output models, and lifecycle analyses. The common point is that we use algebraic expressions or differential equations to represent physical systems to varying degrees of approximation and then manipulate these equations, using computers, to obtain graphical output.While it is becoming an accepted fact that some kind of mathematical modeling will be needed to make most research programs complete, there is still considerable ambiguity as to what form this should take and what might be the actual usefulness of such an effort.Among the more seasoned and successful practitioners of this art, clear guidelines have emerged regarding the uses and limitations of the mathematical modeling approach. We seek to illustrate these uses through the successful modeling examples presented by some leading practitioners. Some general principles may be worth repeating as an introduction to this interesting collection of articles.

scholarly journals Advances in Application of Nanomaterials in Life Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Shimiao
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Nano Sensors ◽  
Development Prospects

Nanomaterials had attracted much attention since their discovery with their unique structure, peculiar physical,chemical, mechanical properties and potential application prospects. In the past few years, the theoretical andexperimental research on biological nanomaterials has become the focus of attention, especially the biochemistry,biophysics, biomechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism of nucleic acid and protein, while its intelligentcomposites have become the forefront of life science and materials science. At present, nano-bio-chip materials,biomimetic materials, nano-motors, nanocomposites, interface biomaterials, nano-sensors and drug delivery systemshave made great progress. In this paper, the characteristics of these materials, research and development of theapplication were reviewed, a brief overview of the nano-materials in the life sciences of the main applications, and toexplore the development prospects of biological nano-materials.

Materials Science Aspects of Photonic Crystals

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Polman ◽  
Pierre Wiltzius
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Thin Film Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
Processing Techniques

The electronics revolution of the past 50 years has its roots in two scientific and technological areas. On the one hand, there have been tremendous advancements in our understanding of the physics of metals, dielectrics, and semiconductors, leading to the development of devices such as the transistor. On the other hand, a variety of processing techniques such as thin-film growth and deposition, ion implantation, and photolithography have allowed the massive integration of electronic functionality within a very small area, leading to microprocessors and high-density memory, among other innovations.

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