scholarly journals Advances in Application of Nanomaterials in Life Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Shimiao
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Nano Sensors ◽  
Development Prospects

Nanomaterials had attracted much attention since their discovery with their unique structure, peculiar physical,chemical, mechanical properties and potential application prospects. In the past few years, the theoretical andexperimental research on biological nanomaterials has become the focus of attention, especially the biochemistry,biophysics, biomechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism of nucleic acid and protein, while its intelligentcomposites have become the forefront of life science and materials science. At present, nano-bio-chip materials,biomimetic materials, nano-motors, nanocomposites, interface biomaterials, nano-sensors and drug delivery systemshave made great progress. In this paper, the characteristics of these materials, research and development of theapplication were reviewed, a brief overview of the nano-materials in the life sciences of the main applications, and toexplore the development prospects of biological nano-materials.

scholarly journals Integrating High Resolution Light Microscopy and Real Time Observation of Fluorescent Labels

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Hasling
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Fluorescent Labels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
Research Initiatives ◽  
Real Time Observation

Fluorescence microscopy has experienced tremendous growth over the past four decades and has facilitated major advancements in science. The classic fluorescent techniques (which include epifluorescence and confocal) allow researchers to selectively observe labeled structures with great clarity and consistency. Historically, biological scientists have been the most prolific users of fluorescence imaging. However, growing numbers of nano-materials research initiatives are now incorporating quantum dots and other fluorescent labels into their imaging protocols. This is especially true in areas where nano-materials and biological research is overlapping such as drug delivery. This nano-bio convergence, along with other advancements, has generated the need to observe highly dynamic events involving labeled and unlabeled structures in real time.

Practical experiences in starting up life science companies in the academic sector

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rodgers ◽  
David Catton ◽  
Gavin Scott Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Biotechnology Sector ◽  
Academic Sector

The authors discuss their experiences in starting up life science companies in the academic sector as a means of identifying the key issues and highlighting ways of addressing these issues. Sheffield University Enterprises Ltd has led the formation of over 30 companies at Sheffield University in the past three years, many of which are in the biotechnology sector. Ithaka Life Sciences Ltd specialises in supporting the formation and growth of life science businesses by providing specialist expertise to assist the founders; it works with a number of universities and emerging companies around the UK. The paper focuses on the technical, commercial, intellectual property, financial and, above all, practical aspects of working with academic scientists to found biotechnology companies.

scholarly journals Acceptance Remarks for the Von Hippel Award of the Materials Research Society, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts - November 27, 1979

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
David Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive

It is a high honor to receive this award; especially so, considering the distinction of the first two recipients: Professor von Hippel, who pioneered brilliantly in the development and definition of Materials Science, and Dr. Baker, under whose leadership were made the great scientific and technological discoveries at Bell Laboratories during the past decades. It is not clear to me that I belong in this progression. I feel that I am in a position rather like that of a certain Linus. I'm sure that you all know of two famous persons named Linus but you may not have heard of the Linus to whom I refer. He was identified by the ecclesiastical historian Eusebius as the first Bishop of Rome following the Apostles Peter and Paul. In any event, this award indicates that some of my colleagues, rightly or wrongly, think highly of me and that is pleasant to know.

Nanotechnology and the Modern University

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Mody
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Social Studies Of Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
The One

The novelty of nanotechnology presents social scientists with an interesting dilemma. On the one hand, the scientists and engineers doing nano research have been at it for such a brief time, and are performing such a diffuse array of activities, that it is very difficult to see what social scientists should be studying, much less how they should go about it. On the other hand, social scientists who study science and engineering have (at least over the past decade) focused largely on disciplines that are relatively marginal to nano—computing-information technology, genomics-biotech, psychology-cognitive science, economics, and medicine (this gross generalization is based on looking through the program of the annual Society for Social Studies of Science meeting for the past few years). There is very little sociology or anthropology of the core fields of nano (materials science, chemistry, applied and/or condensed matter physics, electrical and mechanical engineering)—though the exceptions are some of the best representatives of social studies of science (e.g. Hugh Gusterson, Laura McNamara, Bart Simon, Harry Collins). Obviously, some lessons from ethnographies or recent histories of biotech, economics, etc. will translate well to the study of nanotechnology; but we should also accept that it will probably take as long for social scientists to develop a methodology for nanotechnology as it will take scientists and engineers to develop a practice of nanotechnology.

Orientation Mapping: 1987 MRS Fall Meeting Von Hippel Award Lecture

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Frank
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Fall Meeting ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orientation Mapping ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

I must support the judgment of the Materials Research Society in naming its principal award after von Hippel. His early work was on dielectrics, and that is the area in which my own introduction to materials science was made. In fact, I habitually claim that one of the inventors and fathers of the subject was E.B. Moullin, Reader in Electrical Engineering at Oxford and later Professor of Electrical Engineering at Cambridge. In 1933 he approached my chemistry tutor, Sidgwick, saying “I have this man Willis Jackson coming to do a D.Phil, with me. He knows how to measure dielectric loss. I think that if I can put a physical chemist to work alongside him we might make that cease to be just an engineering parameter to be measured and come to know what causes it—and then perhaps design new materials which are better.” Sidgwick nominated me as the physical chemist, and as far as I am concerned that is where the subject of materials science begins.My subject is how you should display the statistics of orientations of polycrystals. For this subject I have several heroes from the past. They are Euler, of course, Rodrigues, Cayley and Klein. Of these the most unjustly neglected is Olinde Rodrigues, which is something I have only come to know in comparatively recent years. The whole subject is one to which I have returned on and off, learning a little more each time, since it was first put to me as a problem by C.G. Dunn just about 30 years ago.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

The Contribution of Intermediate-Voltage, High-Resolution Electron Microscopy In Materials Science: An Appraisal

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 478-479
Author(s):  
John L. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Small Metal Particles

Over the past five years or so the development of a new generation of high resolution electron microscopes operating routinely in the 300-400 kilovolt range has produced a dramatic increase in resolution, to around 1.6 Å for “structure resolution” and approaching 1.2 Å for information limits. With a large number of such instruments now in operation it is timely to assess their impact in the various areas of materials science where they are now being used. Are they falling short of the early expectations? Generally, the manufacturers’ claims regarding resolution are being met, but one unexpected factor which has emerged is the extreme sensitivity of these instruments to both floor-borne and acoustic vibrations. Successful measures to counteract these disturbances may require the use of special anti-vibration blocks, or even simple oil-filled dampers together with springs, with heavy curtaining around the microscope room to reduce noise levels. In assessing performance levels, optical diffraction analysis is becoming the accepted method, with rotational averaging useful for obtaining a good measure of information limits. It is worth noting here that microscope alignment becomes very critical for the highest resolution.In attempting an appraisal of the contributions of intermediate voltage HREMs to materials science we will outline a few of the areas where they are most widely used. These include semiconductors, oxides, and small metal particles, in addition to metals and minerals.

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