scholarly journals Actualization of Existing Experience and Features of Subsequent Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
O.E. Svarnik ◽  
A.I. Bulava ◽  
D.L. Gladilin ◽  
I.A. Nazhestkin ◽  
E.A. Kuzina
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Object Preference

The article presents data on the study of neurogenetic changes in the rat brain and the features of performing various behavioral acts during acquisition of a food-acquisition skill, depending on the actualization of the previously acquired skill. The experiments involved 13 animals who were successively trained in the following behaviors: new context in the open field test, new objects in the object preference test, drinking behavior using a vibrissal pad, and food-acquisition behavior of pressing the pedal. It turned out that the nature of motor activity and the severity of neurogenetic changes during learning a new skill in individuals who immediately before this training occurred short-term actualization of the experience formed at one of the previous stages of training, significantly differed from the same parameters in individuals who did not have such actualization. It is suggested that the actualization of previously formed experience before new training contributes to the formation of a new component of experience, but not in the sense of accelerating the formation of new behavior, but in the aspect of increasing the number of active neurons that change the expression of their genes.

The characteristics of motor activity in ISIAH rats in an open field test are controlled by genes on chromosomes 2 and 16

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Redina ◽  
S. É. Smolenskaya ◽  
L. N. Maslova ◽  
D. G. Sakharov ◽  
A. L. Markel’
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Isiah Rats

scholarly journals Enhancement of Pentobarbital-induced Sleep by the Vaporized Essential Oil of Citrus keraji var. kabuchii and its Characteristic Component, γ-Terpinene

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroaki Takemoto ◽  
Ziqi Fu ◽  
Emiko Shimizu ◽  
Yukitaka Kinjo
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Spontaneous Motor Activity ◽  
Sedative Effects

Kabuchii (Citrus keraji var. kabuchii hort. ex Tanaka, Rutaceae) is a peculiar Okinawan citrus fruit. Local farmers cultivating various Citrus fruits say that the fragrance of Kabuchii is the most relaxing, but, there are few reports on the biological effects of the essential oil of Kabuchii and its chemical components [1]. In this study, the sedative effects of inhalation of the vaporized Kabuchii essential oil in open field, Rotarod, and pentobarbital sleep tests are compared with diazepam, as a positive control. In the open field test, both Kabuchii essential oil and diazepam decreased the spontaneous motor activity dose-dependently. The reduction in spontaneous motor activity in the 0.3 mg/cage (ca. 0.0278 mg/L) Kabuchii essential oil group was greater than that in the 1 mg/kg diazepam group. In the Rotarod test, Kabuchii did not affect the motor performance, even at the highest dosage tested (3 mg/cage), whereas diazepam decreased it dose-dependently. The effects of the major or characteristic components of Kabuchii, d-limonene, γ-terpinene, thymol, and p-cymene, were also evaluated in the open field and Rotarod tests. γ-Terpinene and thymol significantly decreased spontaneous motor activity at a dosage of 0.3 mg/cage, without affecting motor performance. Thus, γ-terpinene was estimated to be the main active component. Reduction in spontaneous motor activity by γ-terpinene in the open field test was not observed in intranasal zinc sulfate irrigation-induced anosmic mice. In the pentobarbital sleep test, both Kabuchii essential oil and diazepam potentiated pentobarbital-induced loss of the righting reflex (LRR). The LRR duration prolonging effects of both treatments were inhibited by pretreatment with flumazenil, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. The LRR latency reducing effect of Kabuchii was not affected by flumazenil, while that of diazepam was suppressed by it. γ-Terpinene showed similar potentiating effects on pentobarbital-induced sleep. Thus, vaporized Kabuchii essential oil and its active component, γ-terpinene, have sedative effects comparable with diazepam without inducing motor incoordination, which is a well-known side effect of diazepam.

scholarly journals Correlation between Two Parameters of Mice Behaviour in the Open Field Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
Nikola M. Stojanović ◽  
Pavle J. Randjelović ◽  
Niko S. Radulović
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Two Parameters

Summary The open field test is being used extensively for the determination of different aspects of animal behaviour for over seventy years. The correlation between different behavioural parameters obtained in this test, although previously studied, is still debatable. Thus, we aimed to analyze and correlate behaviour scores to estimate the importance of individual parameters in this type of experiment. The open field test was performed on male BALB/c mice treated with either saline (10 ml/kg) or diazepam (2 mg/kg), one hour before the experiment. The behaviour scores (number of squares crossed and rearings performed) obtained either by video recording or direct observation, during a five-minute experiment, were compared using a t-test and were tested for correlation. As expected, diazepam caused an increase in the number of squares crossed and rearings performed by the animals. The number of rearings was statistically different between the groups monitored in two different ways. The correlations between the behaviour scores obtained in the two modes of monitoring for all groups were moderate/strong positive ones. The correlation analyses revealed that the amount of information conveyed by a single behaviour parameter, either the number of squares crossed or the number of rearings, could be sufficient to estimate the animals’ motor activity in the open field test. Also, the results of this test could provide clues to very important piece of information in drug discovery, i.e. the general animal behaviour under the influence of CNS acting drugs in an experiment.

scholarly journals Biphasic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on brain stimulation reward and motor activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2273-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Katsidoni ◽  
Andreas Kastellakis ◽  
George Panagis
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Brain Stimulation Reward ◽  
Cb1 Receptors ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Doses

Abstract Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, has led to equivocal results when tested with the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure or the open-field test for motor activity, two behavioural models for evaluating the reward-facilitating and locomotor stimulating effects of drugs of abuse, respectively. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of high and low doses of Δ9-THC were compared in the ICSS procedure and the open-field test. Moreover, the involvement of CB1 receptors in tentative Δ9-THC-induced effects was investigated by pre-treating the animals with the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (rimonabant). The results obtained show that low doses of Δ9-THC induce opposite effects from high doses of Δ9-THC. Specifically, 0.1 mg/kg Δ9-THC decreased ICSS thresholds and produced hyperactivity, whereas 1 mg/kg increased ICSS thresholds and produced hypoactivity. Both effects were reversed by pre-treatment with SR141716A, indicating the involvement of CB1 receptors on these actions. Altogether, our results indicate that Δ9-THC can produce acute activating effects in locomotion that coincide with its reward-facilitating effects in the ICSS paradigm. The present findings provide further support that Δ9-THC induces behaviours typical of abuse and substantiate the notion that marijuana resembles other drugs of abuse.

scholarly journals Влияние ультразвука на поведение серых крыс

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Matsyura ◽  
T. V. Antonenko ◽  
O. M. Ulitina ◽  
Yu. A. Bondarchuk ◽  
I. I. Shakhmatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Individual

The influence of ultrasound on the behavior of Brwon Rats (Rattus norvegicus, Berkenhout, 1769) in the open field test is considered in the article. Animals were exposed to ultrasound at 22 kHz and simultaneously at 50-60 kHz for 24 hours. The indices of the activity of the individual in the open field were compared before and after the experiment. As a result of the tests, multidirectional changes in motor activity (number of columns and intersected squares), frequency of defecations and duration of grooming were revealed. The results obtained show that the behavior of most rats after exposure to ultrasound tended to change, but these data did not differ significantly. Thus, the use of the Quadblaster QB-4 and Filin ultrasound scanners at a frequency of 22 kHz and 50-60 kHz for 24 hours did not cause a significant change in the behavior of the animals, and therefore their use as repellents for gray rats appears to be ineffective.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY OF RATS IN SIMULATION PHARMACOLOGICAL DEPRESSOGENIC STATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2105-2108
Author(s):  
Antonina Sydorenko ◽  
Ruslan Lutsenko ◽  
Iryna Kniazkova ◽  
Nataliia Liakhovska ◽  
Olga Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pronounced Inhibition

The aim: To analyze and compare the features of changes in the motor activity of rats on the background of pharmacological models of depressive disorders. Materials and methods: Depressive-like state was simulated on 40 mature male Wistar rats using: reserpine (15 mg/kg), clonidine (0.1 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg). The control group was given as a single dose 0.5 ml of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution intraperitoneally. After 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours from the beginning of the experiment, changes in motor activity in the “open field” test were examined by the number of crossed squares, the calculation was carried out within 5 minutes. Results: Reserpine at a dose of 15 mg/kg caused probable motor activity disorders in rats in the “open field” test during all study periods. The most pronounced inhibition of motor activity was observed within 12-48 hours from the beginning of the experiment. 3 hours after clonidine administration, the number of crossed squares decreased by 310% (p<0.001), after 12 hours – by 180% (p<0.001), after 24 hours – by 140% (p<0.001), after 48 hours – by 50% (p<0.005) in comparison with the control group. On 3rd day, the motor activity of rats was almost completely restored. The use of haloperidol after 3 hours most significantly impaired the motor activity of rats in the “open field” test, and its recovery was observed after 24 hours. Conclusions: Reserpine inhibited the motor activity of rats, most pronounced from 12 to 48 hours of the experiment. Clonidine inhibited mainly in the first hours of the study. Haloperidol impaired motor activity at 3rd and 12th hours of observation.

scholarly journals Phytoestrogens are the correctors of vasomotor and psychoemotional reactions after experimental ovariectomy

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
T. M. Plotnikova ◽  
N. V. Vasiliyeva ◽  
A. M. Anishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Hot Flushes ◽  
Vasoactive Agents ◽  
Maackia Amurensis

The effects of Maackia amurensis extract (200 mg/kg, p.o. during the 14 days) on the vasomotor and psychoemotional reactions in rats after ovariectomy were investigated. The Maackia amurensis extract did not change the blood level of sex hormones, showed anxiolytic activity with the models of anxious disorders, did not influence considerably on the motor activity in «open field» test. Maackia amurensis extract reduced the pathological vasomotor reactions, showing by the change in vessels reactions on vasoactive agents and «hot flushes».

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