scholarly journals Enhanced QoS and QoE Support through Energy Efficient Handover Algorithm for UMTS Architectures

CONVERTER ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
A. Kingsly Jabakumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Trial Result ◽  
Fundamental Idea ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Handover Algorithm ◽  
Open Issues

Spectrum inefficiency is a significant issue because of the increasingly more solicitation of transmission capacity by the end clients. Accomplishing high transmission rates and elevated levels of Quality of Service (QoS) speaks to in any case an open issue. Long haul Evolution (LTE) has been proposed as the reason for the fourth era versatile cell systems (4G) that points of the LTE standard are higher client bit rates, lower delays, expanded range proficiency, diminished expense, and operational effortlessness. In any case, this innovation is as yet being worked on and a few open issues must be still explored, for example, obstruction coordination, and power utilization, assets the board and handover procedures. The point of this work is to ensure the decrease of intensity utilization utilizing another handover calculation dependent on green arrangement. Also, the proposed conspire ensures the minimization of superfluous handovers. In any case, the issue in this technique is doesn't mulls over of the impact of green strategies in high force hubs. Along these lines, in the proposed framework the impact of high force hubs are thought of. This situation is expanded more than one full scale cell and various kinds of low force hubs, for example, pico-cell and microcells. In this situation, the force sparing is broke down during the handover strategies. Think about these issues; another strategy is proposed called Dynamic base Station arranging (DBSP) for accomplishing vitality productivity. The fundamental idea is to kill a BS individually that will insignificantly influence the system by utilizing a recently presented thought of system sway, which considers the extra burden increases brought to its neighboring BSs. So as to additionally diminish the flagging and execution overhead over the air and back take, utilize the estimated estimations of system sway as their choice measurements. A trial result shows that the proposed strategy accomplishes high vitality proficiency under different situations. In this work the presentation of an UMTS organize situation is assessed by utilizing different estimations of the priority bits of the CBR application.

scholarly journals Enhanced QoS and QoE Support through Energy Efficient Handover Algorithm for UMTS Architectures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Mr. A. Kingsly Jabakumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Trial Result ◽  
Fundamental Idea ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Handover Algorithm ◽  
Open Issues

Spectrum inefficiency is a significant issue because of the increasingly more solicitation of transmission capacity by the end clients. Accomplishing high transmission rates and elevated levels of Quality of Service (QoS) speaks to in any case an open issue. Long haul Evolution (LTE) has been proposed as the reason for the fourth era versatile cell systems (4G) that points of the LTE standard are higher client bit rates, lower delays, expanded range proficiency, diminished expense, and operational effortlessness. In any case, this innovation is as yet being worked on and a few open issues must be still explored, for example, obstruction coordination, and power utilization, assets the board and handover procedures. The point of this work is to ensure the decrease of intensity utilization utilizing another handover calculation dependent on green arrangement. Also, the proposed conspire ensures the minimization of superfluous handovers. In any case, the issue in this technique is doesn't mulls over of the impact of green strategies in high force hubs. Along these lines, in the proposed framework the impact of high force hubs are thought of. This situation is expanded more than one full scale cell and various kinds of low force hubs, for example, pico-cell and microcells. In this situation, the force sparing is broke down during the handover strategies. Think about these issues; another strategy is proposed called Dynamic base Station arranging (DBSP) for accomplishing vitality productivity. The fundamental idea is to kill a BS individually that will insignificantly influence the system by utilizing a recently presented thought of system sway, which considers the extra burden increases brought to its neighboring BSs. So as to additionally diminish the flagging and execution overhead over the air and back take, utilize the estimated estimations of system sway as their choice measurements. A trial result shows that the proposed strategy accomplishes high vitality proficiency under different situations. In this work the presentation of an UMTS organize situation is assessed by utilizing different estimations of the priority bits of the CBR application.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Packet Forwarding Scheme Based on Fuzzy Decision-Making in Underwater Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4368
Author(s):  
Jitander Kumar Pabani ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Luque-Nieto ◽  
Waheeduddin Hyder ◽  
Pablo Otero
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Making ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Packet Forwarding ◽  
Node Number ◽  
The Impact

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are subjected to a multitude of real-life challenges. Maintaining adequate power consumption is one of the critical ones, for obvious reasons. This includes proper energy consumption due to nodes close to and far from the sink node (gateway), which affect the overall energy efficiency of the system. These wireless sensors gather and route the data to the onshore base station through the gateway at the sea surface. However, finding an optimum and efficient path from the source node to the gateway is a challenging task. The common reasons for the loss of energy in existing routing protocols for underwater are (1) a node shut down due to battery drainage, (2) packet loss or packet collision which causes re-transmission and hence affects the performance of the system, and (3) inappropriate selection of sensor node for forwarding data. To address these issues, an energy efficient packet forwarding scheme using fuzzy logic is proposed in this work. The proposed protocol uses three metrics: number of hops to reach the gateway node, number of neighbors (in the transmission range of a node) and the distance (or its equivalent received signal strength indicator, RSSI) in a 3D UWSN architecture. In addition, the performance of the system is also tested with adaptive and non-adaptive transmission ranges and scalable number of nodes to see the impact on energy consumption and number of hops. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs better than other existing techniques or in terms of parameters used in this scheme.

An Efficient IR-HARQ Power Allocation for Relay-Aided Cellular Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1850195
Author(s):  
P. Mangayarkarasi ◽  
J. Raja
Keyword(s):  
Power Allocation ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Relay Station ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Relay Placement ◽  
Cell Coverage ◽  
The Impact

Energy-efficient and reliable data transmission is a challenging task in wireless relay networks (WRNs). Energy efficiency in cellular networks has received significant attention because of the present need for reduced energy consumption, thereby maintaining the profitability of networks, which in turn makes these networks “greener”. The urban cell topography needs more energy to cover the total area of the cell. The base station does not cover the entire area in a given topography and adding more number of base stations is a cost prohibitive one. Energy-efficient relay placement model which calculates the maximum cell coverage is proposed in this work that covers all sectors and also an energy-efficient incremental redundancy-hybrid automatic repeat request (IR-HARQ) power allocation scheme to improve the reliability of the network by improving the overall network throughput is proposed. An IR-HARQ power allocation method maximizes the average incremental mutual information at each round, and its throughput quickly converges to the ergodic channel capacity as the number of retransmissions increases. Simulation results show that the proposed IR-HARQ power allocation achieves full channel capacity with average transmission delay and maintains good throughput under less power consumption. Also the impact of relaying performance on node distances between relay station and base station as well as between user and relay station and relay height for line of sight conditions are analyzed using full decode and forward (FDF) and partial decode and forward (PDF) relaying schemes. Compared to FDF scheme, PDF scheme provides better performance and allows more freedom in the relay placement for an increase in cell coverage.

scholarly journals An Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol Based on a High-QoS Node Deployment with an Inter-Cluster Routing Mechanism in WSNs

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaida Xu ◽  
Zhidong Zhao ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Guohua Hui ◽  
Liqin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Node Deployment ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Routing Mechanism ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Information Integrity

Currently, wireless sensor network (WSN) protocols are mainly used to achieve low power consumption of the network, but there are few studies on the quality of services (QoS) of these networks. Coverage can be used as a measure of the WSN’s QoS, which can further reflect the quality of data information. Additionally, the coverage requirements of regional monitoring target points are different in real applications. On this basis, this paper proposes an energy-efficient clustering routing protocol based on a high-QoS node deployment with an inter-cluster routing mechanism (EECRP-HQSND-ICRM) in WSNs. First, this paper proposes formula definitions for information integrity, validity, and redundancy from the coverage rate and introduces a node deployment strategy based on twofold coverage. Then, in order to satisfy the uniformity of the distribution of cluster heads (CHs), the monitoring area is divided into four small areas centered on the base station (BS), and the CHs are selected in the respective cells. Finally, combined with the practical application of the WSN, this paper optimizes the Dijkstra algorithm, including: (1) nonessential paths neglecting considerations, and (2) a simultaneous introduction of end-to-end weights and path weights, achieving the selection of optimal information transmission paths between the CHs. The simulation results show that, compared with the general node deployment strategies, the deployment strategy of the proposed protocol has higher information integrity and validity, as well as lower redundancy. Meanwhile, compared with some classic protocols, this protocol can greatly reduce and balance network energy consumption and extend the network lifetime.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Altitude Optimization of an Aerial Access Point

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithin Babu ◽  
Konstantinos Ntougias ◽  
Constantinos B. Papadias ◽  
Petar Popovski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient optimal<br>altitude for an aerial access point (AAP), which acts as a flying<br>base station to serve a set of ground user equipment (UE).<br>Since the ratio of total energy consumed by the aerial vehicle<br>to the communication energy is very large, we include the<br>aerial vehicle’s energy consumption in the problem formulation.<br>After considering the energy consumption model of the aerial<br>vehicle, our objective is translated into a non-convex optimization<br>problem of maximizing the global energy efficiency (GEE)<br>of the aerial communication system, subject to altitude and<br>minimum individual data rate constraints. At first, the nonconvex fractional objective function is solved by using sequential<br>convex programming (SCP) optimization technique. To compare<br>the result of SCP with the global optimum of the problem,<br>we reformulate the initial problem as a monotonic fractional<br>optimization problem (MFP) and solve it using the polyblock<br>outer approximation (PA) algorithm. Numerical results show that<br>the candidate solution obtained from SCP is the same as the<br>global optimum found using the monotonic fractional programming technique. Furthermore, the impact of the aerial vehicle’s<br>energy consumption on the optimal altitude determination is also<br>studied <br>

scholarly journals Mobility-Centric Analysis of Communication Offloading for Heterogeneous Internet of Things Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kozyrev ◽  
Aleksandr Ometov ◽  
Dmitri Moltchanov ◽  
Vladimir Rykov ◽  
Dmitry Efrosinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Content Dissemination ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Infrastructure

Today, the number of interconnected Internet of Things (IoT) devices is growing tremendously followed by an increase in the density of cellular base stations. This trend has an adverse effect on the power efficiency of communication, since each new infrastructure node requires a significant amount of energy. Numerous enablers are already in place to offload the scarce cellular spectrum, thus allowing utilization of more energy-efficient short-range radio technologies for user content dissemination, such as moving relay stations and network-assisted direct connectivity. In this work, we contribute a new mathematical framework aimed at analyzing the impact of network offloading on the probabilistic characteristics related to the quality of service and thus helping relieve the energy burden on infrastructure network deployments.

scholarly journals 3D Deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Base Station Assisting Ground-Base Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Khaled F. Hayajneh ◽  
Khaled Bani-Hani ◽  
Hazim Shakhatreh ◽  
Muhammad Anan ◽  
Ahmad Sawalmeh
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Special Event ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also named as drones, have become a modern model to provide a quick wireless communication infrastructure. They have been used when conventional base stations’ capacity is suffering in some extreme cases such as congestion inside the cell or a special event. This paper proposes an efficient three-dimension (3D) placement of a single UAV-assisted wireless network in such cases. Our proposed model assists the ground base station (GBS) using the UAV to serve arbitrary distributed users considering the impact of the obstacle blockage over the well-known air-to-ground (A2G) path model. This work is aimed at optimizing the percentage of available bandwidth that must be provided to the UAV in order to maximize the number of served users. In addition, it finds the 3D placement of the UAV base station (UAVBS) that maximizes the number of served users, each with maximum quality-of-service (QoS). The exhaustive search and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are used to find the problem’s solution.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of UE-controlled intelligent handover algorithm for natural disaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Azita Laily Yusof ◽  
Ainnur Eiza Azhar ◽  
Norsuzila Ya’acob
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
Handover Algorithm

<span>This paper proposes a UE-controlled intelligent handover algorithm for natural disaster. In this handover algorithm, two variables known as modified Received Signal Strength (RSSm) and Left over Power (LoP) are identified. The RSSm is an improved formulation from RSS where distance fraction coefficient has been introduced. The fraction coefficient of 0.2 is used where the affected areas is reduced so that the users can receive good signal quality due to its location near to the base station. Meanwhile, the LoP also has been investigated to control power consumption of base station. In this research, 80% RSSm and 20% LoP has been chosen for the proposed handover algorithm as it can maintain good quality of service (QoS) for all users and also can prolong battery life.  From the simulation results obtained, the average number of handovers for the proposed handover algorithm outperformed the conventional natural disaster handover algorithm.</span>

scholarly journals Insights into energy-efficient and eco-friendly sealing of anodic aluminum oxide film holes with alkaline earth metal salts

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (88) ◽  
pp. 55653-55667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Wei ◽  
Dongchu Chen ◽  
Huawen Hu ◽  
Menglei Chang ◽  
Xiufang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Anodic Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film ◽  
Anodic Aluminum ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the impact of various sealing conditions on the quality of the sealed anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film is systematically investigated, leading us to gain insights into sealing the AAO film in an energy-efficient and eco-friendly way.

Toward Green Evolution of Cellular Networks by High Order Sectorisation and Small Cell Densification

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Arbi ◽  
Timothy O'Farrell ◽  
Fu-Chun Zheng ◽  
Simon C. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
The Impact

Network densification by adding either more sectors per site or by deploying an overlay of small cells is always considered to be a key method for enhancing the RAN coverage and capacity. The impact of these two techniques on cellular network energy consumption is investigated in this chapter. The aim is to find an energy efficient deployment strategy when trading-off the order of sectorisation with the intensity of small cell densification. A new enhanced base station power consumption model is presented, followed by a novel metric framework for the evaluation of the RAN energy efficiency. The use of the power model and the proposed metrics is demonstrated by applying them to a RAN case study when the two techniques are used to improve the network capacity. In addition, the chapter evaluates the amount of network energy efficiency improvement when various adaptive sectorisation schemes are implemented. The results show that the strategy of adding more sectors is less energy efficient than directly deploying an overlay of small cells, even when adaptive sectorisation is implemented.

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