scholarly journals An Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol Based on a High-QoS Node Deployment with an Inter-Cluster Routing Mechanism in WSNs

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaida Xu ◽  
Zhidong Zhao ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Guohua Hui ◽  
Liqin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Node Deployment ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Routing Mechanism ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Information Integrity

Currently, wireless sensor network (WSN) protocols are mainly used to achieve low power consumption of the network, but there are few studies on the quality of services (QoS) of these networks. Coverage can be used as a measure of the WSN’s QoS, which can further reflect the quality of data information. Additionally, the coverage requirements of regional monitoring target points are different in real applications. On this basis, this paper proposes an energy-efficient clustering routing protocol based on a high-QoS node deployment with an inter-cluster routing mechanism (EECRP-HQSND-ICRM) in WSNs. First, this paper proposes formula definitions for information integrity, validity, and redundancy from the coverage rate and introduces a node deployment strategy based on twofold coverage. Then, in order to satisfy the uniformity of the distribution of cluster heads (CHs), the monitoring area is divided into four small areas centered on the base station (BS), and the CHs are selected in the respective cells. Finally, combined with the practical application of the WSN, this paper optimizes the Dijkstra algorithm, including: (1) nonessential paths neglecting considerations, and (2) a simultaneous introduction of end-to-end weights and path weights, achieving the selection of optimal information transmission paths between the CHs. The simulation results show that, compared with the general node deployment strategies, the deployment strategy of the proposed protocol has higher information integrity and validity, as well as lower redundancy. Meanwhile, compared with some classic protocols, this protocol can greatly reduce and balance network energy consumption and extend the network lifetime.

Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network for Industrial Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 732-739
Author(s):  
Zhi Yan Ma ◽  
Guang You Yang ◽  
Jing Jing Zhou ◽  
Xiong Gan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering

An energy-efficient wireless sensor routing protocol (Energy-efficient clustering hierarchy routing protocol, EECH) for industrial field is proposed based on LEACH protocol according to the energy inefficiency of existing routing protocols and the characteristics of industrial field applications. The EECH protocol takes full advantages of the node clustering and time slot distribution in LEACH and implements the functions such as clustering, multi hop time slot distribution, node sleeping and data gathering. The cluster heads can be evenly distributed in the area with the geography location information of the wireless nodes, so that the optimal data gathering path can be established. Meanwhile, the EECH protocol can reduce the conflict in data receiving/transmitting and the energy consumption of the nodes, and extend the network lifetime through the multi hop time slot distribution and node sleep mechanism. The simulation results have shown that the death time of the first node in EECH protocol is extended double time than that of LEACH protocol. When most of the nodes dies, the amount of received data of the base station node is more than twice as much as the LEACH protocol, which has verified the energy efficiency characteristic of the EECH protocol.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Secured Ring Based Clustering Protocol for WSN

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-339
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Clustering Protocol ◽  
Autonomous Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering

WSN is a gathering of small autonomous nodes that are used to function the Natural Phenomenon. The sensed events are transmitted to the base station for processing the system. Given the Resource Constrained Nature of WSN, Optimizing the energy during Routing process is a major concern. In this Paper, a Novel Ring Based Clustering Routing Protocol(RBCRP) is proposed, where it can provides the energy efficient clustering to sensor nodes. By doing so the sensor nodes it reduces number of retransmission of data items. Moreover, the proposed protocol provides efficient Routing, where it discovers the optimal path. The proposed protocol is implemented in NS3 simulator. The simulator results justifies that, proposed protocol improves Energy efficiency, Reduces delay and Increases packet delivery Ratio. Simulate Results faster viability of the proposed Scheme

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Clustering Scheme for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks Using an Optimized LEACH Protocol

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6016
Author(s):  
Salil Bharany ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Sumit Badotra ◽  
Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf ◽  
Youseef Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Threshold Function ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Leach Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering

A Flying Ad-hoc network constitutes many sensor nodes with limited processing speed and storage capacity as they institute a minor battery-driven device with a limited quantity of energy. One of the primary roles of the sensor node is to store and transmit the collected information to the base station (BS). Thus, the life span of the network is the main criterion for the efficient design of the FANETS Network, as sensor nodes always have limited resources. In this paper, we present a methodology of an energy-efficient clustering algorithm for collecting and transmitting data based on the Optimized Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. The selection of CH is grounded on the new optimized threshold function. In contrast, LEACH is a hierarchical routing protocol that randomly selects cluster head nodes in a loop and results in an increased cluster headcount, but also causes more rapid power consumption. Thus, we have to circumvent these limitations by improving the LEACH Protocol. Our proposed algorithm diminishes the energy usage for data transmission in the routing protocol, and the network’s lifetime is enhanced as it also maximizes the residual energy of nodes. The experimental results performed on MATLAB yield better performance than the existing LEACH and Centralized Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol in terms of energy efficiency per unit node and the packet delivery ratio with less energy utilization. In addition, the First Node Death (FND) is also meliorated when compared to the LEACH and LEACH-C protocols.

scholarly journals Improved Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Using Balanced Multi-Hop Routing Protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.6) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
C Sivakumar ◽  
P Latha Parthiban
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Combined Technique

In this paper, consumption of energy by the sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSNs) is been handled effectively using a combined technique. The objective of the paper is to increase the network lifetime with dynamic routing protocol. Here, the proposed routing algorithm, named Balanced Multi-Hop (BMH) protocol combines the multi-hop and direct transmission communication. This method further uses Dijkstra algorithm to route the packets between the sensor nodes and base station in mobile network. This method avoids the use of central router to control the other nodes. The results of the proposed method is tested against various result metrics. The evaluation over other existing methods prove that the BMH method achieves higher lifetime and high network throughput.  

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC) for Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar Poluru ◽  
M. Praveen Kumar Reddy ◽  
Syed Muzamil Basha ◽  
Rizwan Patan ◽  
Suresh Kallam
Keyword(s):  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Stability Period ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering

Background:Recently Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a composed of a full number of arbitrarily dispensed energy-constrained sensor nodes. The sensor nodes help in sensing the data and then it will transmit it to sink. The Base station will produce a significant amount of energy while accessing the sensing data and transmitting data. High energy is required to move towards base station when sensing and transmitting data. WSN possesses significant challenges like saving energy and extending network lifetime. In WSN the most research goals in routing protocols such as robustness, energy efficiency, high reliability, network lifetime, fault tolerance, deployment of nodes and latency. Most of the routing protocols are based upon clustering has been proposed using heterogeneity. For optimizing energy consumption in WSN, a vital technique referred to as clustering.Methods:To improve the lifetime of network and stability we have proposed an Enhanced Adaptive Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (EADEEC).Results:In simulation results describes the protocol performs better regarding network lifetime and packet delivery capacity compared to EEDEC and DEEC algorithm. Stability period and network lifetime are improved in EADEEC compare to DEEC and EDEEC.Conclusion:The EADEEC is overall Lifetime of a cluster is improved to perform the network operation: Data transfer, Node Lifetime and stability period of the cluster. EADEEC protocol evidently tells that it improved the throughput, extended the lifetime of network, longevity, and stability compared with DEEC and EDEEC.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Sensor Node Deployment Scheme for Two Stage Routing Protocol of Wireless Sensor Networks assisted IoT

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169
Author(s):  
Anshu Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
Awadhesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Pawan Singh Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Node Deployment

Now a day wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an essential unit of the internet of things (IoT). IoT theater a vital role in real-time applications which is more useful in real life. Due to its small price and potential use, WSNs have shown importance in different applications over the past year. Health concerns, environmental observation, human protection, military operations, surveillance systems, etc. WSNs have a small device called a sensor node (SN) that has a limited battery. IoT based WSNs consume more energy in sensor node communication. Therefore a Novel energy-efficient sensor node deployment scheme for two-stage routing protocol (EE- DSTRP) has been proposed to reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes and extend the lifetime of the network. Sensor node deployment is a novel approach based on the golden ratio. All traditional protocols divide network zones for communication. No existing protocols tell about the sensor node deployment ratio in each zone. The deployment method is an important factor in reducing the energy usage of a network. To validate its efficiency, in this article, simulation results prove that the proposed IoT based EE-DSTRP protocol is superior to other existing protocols.

ECRPW: Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol Based on Weight for WSNs

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Xiang Ping Gu ◽  
Rong Lin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Cluster Scheme ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Routing Tree ◽  
Better Than

ECRPW (energy-efficient clustering routing protocol based on weight) routing protocol is presented to avoid the characteristic of limited energy for wireless sensor networks. It takes nodes’ residual energy into consideration during the process of cluster heads being elected. The constraint of distance threshold is used to optimize cluster scheme. Furthermore, it also sets up the routing tree based on cluster heads’ weight. We simulate and analyze LEACH and ECRPW in NS2. The results show that the performance of ECRPW is better than LEACH.

Energy Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol and ACO Algorithm in WSN

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Shalini Subramani ◽  
M. Selvi ◽  
S. V. N. Santhosh Kumar ◽  
A. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering
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