scholarly journals Revision Of A Standard For The Test Of A Toilet-Incorporated Medical Electric Bed

Author(s):  
Ho Jun Yeom , Seokmin Lee , Kiwon Choi , In-Ho Hwang , Sangsoo Park

We developed a toilet-incorporated electric medical bed for bedridden patients, in which a toilet basin, or a commode, is incorporated in the pelvic plate of an electric medical bed. A replaceable toilet seat is located in the mattress of the bed, and toilet basin was tightly attached on the pelvic plate the bed.  The excretion slides through a storage tube that angles toward the side of the bed and is automatically collected in a disposable plastic bag. We, however, encountered a problem with testing this newly developed medical bed with the relevant international standard IEC 60601-2-52:2009, or with the corresponding Korean standard KS P 0388:2012--Electrically operated adjustable bed for home care. There was no clear indication in the scopes of the above standards as to whether this standard testing method is applicable to an electric medical bed embedded with a commode. We revised the Korean standard KS P 0388:2012 to accommodate the toilet-incorporated medical bed in the scope of the standard and successfully performed the mechanical tests including the durability, impact, and deformation test of the bed, proving that the newly developed toilet-incorporated medical bed is mechanically strong and durable enough to pass the standard tests.

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser

Abstract The goal of this review is to propose acceptable testing method(s) for the measurement of the biodegradability of a chemical under both waste treatment and typical environmental conditions, particularly those relevant to Canada. A mul-titier biodegradability test system is recommended for the protection of the environment and human health. The tiers are comprised of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) standard tests for rapid biodegradability (headspace carbon dioxide evolution test, ISO #9439), for inherent biodegradability (activated sludge simulation test, ISO #11733) under oxidative conditions, and for biodegradability under anaerobic conditions (ultimate anaerobic biodegradability test, ISO #11734).


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor J Steele ◽  
Clodualdo C Maningat ◽  
Paul A Seib ◽  
Mark D Haub ◽  
Sara K Rosenkranz

ABSTRACT Background To investigate the effect of resistant starch (RS) on acute glycemic or insulinemic responses, the FDA indicates that control and RS-enriched foods must contain equivalent amounts of digestible carbohydrate. However, RS-containing foods typically contain less digestible carbohydrate per serving than control foods. Thus, controlling for digestible carbohydrate may yield different responses as compared with controlling for serving size. Objective The aim was to compare the postprandial metabolic responses to native wheat starch (NWS) versus RS type 4 (RS4) using digestible carbohydrate–matched portions compared with weight-matched portions. Methods A single-blind, randomized-controlled crossover trial examined glycemic and insulinemic responses over 2 h following consumption of 4 cracker conditions and a dextrose beverage in apparently healthy participants (n = 14). Crackers provided 50 g of digestible carbohydrate using the FDA's meal-intervention protocol or 35 g of carbohydrate by weight for the marketplace substitution method. Crackers differed only by the type of starch additive: NWS (MidsolTM 50; MGP Ingredient, Inc.) or RS4 (Fibersym® RW; MGP Ingredients, Inc.). Glucose concentrations were assessed at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min; insulin concentrations were measured at baseline and 30, 60, and 120 min. Results There were no significant differences between 50 g digestible carbohydrate cracker conditions for glucose or insulin incremental AUC (iAUC). The 35 g carbohydrate by weight conditions were not different for glucose iAUC [mean (95% CI): 35 g NWS: 1317 (677, 2169); 35 g RS4: 701 (262, 1351); P > 0.05]. However, insulin iAUC was lower following 35 g RS4 compared with 35 g NWS [35 g RS4: 92 (1, 259); 35 g NWS: 697 (397, 1080); P < 0.01]. Conclusions In healthy adults, consumption of RS4 crackers decreased postprandial insulin responses compared with NWS crackers when using the marketplace substitution method compared with the FDA standard testing method, with similar postprandial glucose responses. Comparisons of the FDA standard testing method and the marketplace substitution method should be investigated further to elucidate differential physiological impacts on consumers.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucretia Miu ◽  
Simona-Maria Paunescu ◽  
Maria-Cristina Micu ◽  
Iulia-Maria Caniola ◽  
Madalina Ignat ◽  
...  

Leather is a complex material mostly consisting of a matrix of collagen, chemically stabilized by various tannins. This matrix, sooner or later undergoes alterations as a consequence of interactions between their structure and environment. A comprehensive study based on multiple chemical and physico-mechanical standard tests regarding leather samples which were artificially aged from 7 to 112 days has been made at 70°C. The behavior in artificial aging of calf leather samples tanned at pilot level with two different vegetal tannins, mimosa and quebracho, were investigated due to its’s similarity to the natural degradation of historical leather samples. Physico-mechanical characteristics of historical leather can be corelated with the high impact of degree of deterioration even though there are no standard regulations. To be able to choose the proper way to achieve compatibility with an appropriate material in the restoration-conservation process, multiple sample characteristic must be known. The condition of historical leather can be assessed by a series of simple visual and physical examinations which determine the flexibility, strength and coherency of the fibers and then correlate these assessments with the condition of leather as determined by various chemical and physical-chemical analyses. Therefore, the following chemical standard tests were made: volatile substances, shrinkage temperature, extractable substances, total soluble substances and the following physico-mechanical tests: tensile strength, elongation at breaking and tear resistance.


Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Spinks ◽  
Shannon Bakarich ◽  
Shazed Aziz ◽  
Bidita Salahuddin ◽  
Hai Xin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4990
Author(s):  
Jozef Dobránsky ◽  
Martin Pollák ◽  
Luboš Běhálek ◽  
Jozef Svetlík

The main objective of the presented scientific article is to define the mechanical properties of polypropylene homopolymer with a prescribed percentage ratio of recycled granulate. The chosen material is intended for injection molding and especially for the production of products made by additive technologies. Experimental verification of the mechanical properties was realized by testing samples produced with various concentrations of the recycled material. Experimental samples underwent tests to obtain the mechanical properties of the produced new material. These tests included rheological tests, tensile and flexural tests as well as and Charpy impact toughness tests. These mechanical tests were conducted according to ISO standards valid for the individual testing method. Testing methods were carried out using prescribed numbers of testing samples. The presented scientific article is also focused on changes in microstructures of testing materials in relation to the percentage ratio of recycled granulate. Recycled granulate of thermoplastic was not necessity for additional modifications.


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