In Vivo Evaluation of Customized Pulse Oximeter and Sensitivity Pulp Tests for Assessment Of Pulp Vitality

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Divya S Sharma ◽  
Shikha Mishra ◽  
Naveen Reddy Banda ◽  
Sneha Vaswani
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Thermal Tests ◽  
Valuable Adjunct ◽  
Pulp Vitality ◽  
Group 2

Objective: The purpose of this study was to test a customized pulse oximeter (CPO) for evaluation of pulp vitality in primary and permanent teeth against clinical diagnosis (vital and untreated non-vital) in order to expand its clinical use for pulp preservation. Study design: CPO was evaluated on intact primary and permanent central or lateral incisor (CI, LI) teeth-vital (group 1, 20n each); untreated non-vital (group 2, 10n each) and; root filled non-vital (group 3, 10n each) of children 4–12 years according to inclusion/ exclusion criteria. For each patient CPO was first applied on finger followed by vitality tests in following sequence-electrical, pulse oximetry and thermal tests. Results: Mean oxygen saturation (%SpO2) in permanent and primary–vital teeth was 88.78% & 87.77% respectively; non-vital teeth was 74.67% & 75.00% respectively; and in all root filled teeth was 0%. Tooth and finger oxygen saturation values showed strong positive relationship in vital primary or permanent teeth and; no correlation in untreated non-vital primary or permanent teeth. The accuracy rate of thermal pulp test and pulse oximetry was 100% and for electrical pulp test it was 90% for permanent and 86.67% for primary teeth. Conclusion: The CPO tested in this study proved to be a valuable adjunct for diagnosing pulp vitality by objective means.

Measurement of Carboxyhemoglobin and Methemoglobin by Pulse Oximetry

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Barker ◽  
Jeremy Curry ◽  
Daniel Redford ◽  
Scott Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Oxygenation Monitoring ◽  
Intravenous Sodium

Background A new eight-wavelength pulse oximeter is designed to measure methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, in addition to the usual measurements of hemoglobin oxygen saturation and pulse rate. This study examines this device's ability to measure dyshemoglobins in human volunteers in whom controlled levels of methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin are induced. Methods Ten volunteers breathed 500 ppm carbon monoxide until their carboxyhemoglobin levels reached 15%, and 10 different volunteers received intravenous sodium nitrite, 300 mg, to induce methemoglobin. All were instrumented with arterial cannulas and six Masimo Rad-57 (Masimo Inc., Irvine, CA) pulse oximeter sensors. Arterial blood was analyzed by three laboratory CO-oximeters, and the resulting carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin measurements were compared with the corresponding pulse oximeter readings. Results The Rad-57 measured carboxyhemoglobin with an uncertainty of +/-2% within the range of 0-15%, and it measured methemoglobin with an uncertainty of 0.5% within the range of 0-12%. Conclusion The Masimo Rad-57 is the first commercially available pulse oximeter that can measure methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, and it therefore represents an expansion of our oxygenation monitoring capability.

scholarly journals In Vivo Evaluation of Decellularized Human Tooth Scaffold for Dental Tissue Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8472
Author(s):  
Ik-Hwan Kim ◽  
Mijeong Jeon ◽  
Kyounga Cheon ◽  
Sun Ha Kim ◽  
Han-Sung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Conventional root canal treatment may result in loss of tooth vitality, which can lead to unfavorable treatment outcomes. Notably, a ceased tooth development of immature permanent teeth with open apices, regeneration of periodontal ligaments (PDL), and pulp is highly expected healing process. For regeneration, the scaffold is one of the critical components that carry biological benefits. Therefore, this study evaluated a decellularized human tooth as a scaffold for the PDL and pulp tissue regeneration. A tooth scaffold was fabricated using an effective decellularization method as reported in previous studies. PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) obtained from human permanent teeth were inoculated onto decellularized scaffolds, then cultured to transplant into immunosuppressed mouse. After 9 weeks, PDLSCs and DPSCs that were inoculated onto decellularized tooth scaffolds and cultured in an in vivo demonstrated successful differentiation. In PDLSCs, a regeneration of the cementum/PDL complex could be expected. In DPSCs, the expression of genes related to revascularization and the hard tissue regeneration showed the possibility of pulp regeneration. This study suggested that the potential possible application of decellularized human tooth could be a scaffold in regeneration PDL and pulp tissue along with PDLSCs and DPSCs, respectively, as a novel treatment method.

scholarly journals An in vivo evaluation of the change in the pulpal oxygen saturation after administration of preoperative anxiolytics and local anesthesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna P. Shetty ◽  
Sarvepalli V. Satish ◽  
Krishnarao Kilaru ◽  
Kalyana Chakravarthi Ponangi ◽  
Alexander M. Luke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Concurrent Validity of Arterial Blood Oxygen Saturation Measurements: A Preliminary Analysis of an iPad Pulse Oximeter and Traditional Pulse Oximeter Using Bluetooth

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Scott Cheatham ◽  
Morey J. Kolber ◽  
Michael P. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Main Outcome Measure

Context:Pulse oximetry has become mobile with the use of smartphone and Bluetooth wireless technology. This technology offers many benefits but has not been extensively studied. There is a need to further validate its clinimetric properties for health professionals to provide proper guidance to patients.Objective:This investigation assessed the concurrent validity of the iSpO2pulse oximeter against a traditional pulse oximeter in measuring short-term resting blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate.Design:Observational study of reliability.Setting:University kinesiology laboratory.Participants:Thirty healthy, recre-ationally active adults (18 men, 12 women; mean age = 25.7 ± 5.46 years, mean height = 170.3cm ± 9.51, mean body mass = 76.4 kg ± 19.33).Intervention:Resting measurement of SpO2and pulse rate using the iSpO2pulse oximeter with the iPad Mini and a traditional pulse oximeter with Bluetooth.Main Outcome Measure:Resting SpO2and pulse rate were concurrently measured over 5 min.Results:The concurrent validity between the iSpO2and traditional pulse oximeter was moderate for measuring SpO2, intraclass correlation coeffcient (ICC)(3, 1) = .73,SEM= 0.70%, and good for pulse rate, ICC(3, 1) = .97,SEM= 1.74 beats per minute (bpm). The minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence interval for both instruments suggests that there may be 1.94% disagreement for SpO2and 4.82 bpm disagreement between pulse oximetry methods. The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for measuring SpO2suggests that the iSpO2and traditional pulse oximeters may vary -0.28 ± 1.98%, or approximately 2%. The 95% LoA for measuring pulse rate suggests that the iSpO2and traditional pulse oximeter may vary 1.74 ± 4.98 bpm, potentially upward of 6 bpm. On the basis of the results of the LoA, it appears that there may be a slight systematic bias between the two devices, with the traditional pulse oximeter producing higher pulse rates than the iSpO2.Conclusion:The findings suggest that both instruments may be beneficial for indirect short-term measurements of resting SpO2and pulse rate.

scholarly journals Comparison of efficacy of Ledermix and Calcium hydroxide in the management of deep caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Fahd AA Karim ◽  
Asma Sultana ◽  
Hanann Shiekh ◽  
Md Ashif Iqbal ◽  
Puja Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Pulp Capping ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function ◽  
Indirect Pulp Capping

Background:Pulp capping is a treatment that enables pulp to recover and maintain its vitality and function by applying a protective agent to an exposed pulp. Ca (OH)2 has been considered the gold standard for this procedure. Despite its wide use, Ca (OH)2 is not ideally suited for pulp capping. Recently ledermix cement used for indirect pulp capping material in the outer world broadly. Objective: To assess the clinical and radiological evidence of the formation of secondary dentin and compare the degree of short time post operating pain after indirect pulp treatment. Methods: A Randomized control trial in vivo study was directed in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University for one year (January 2012-January 2013). We took the patients with 40 deep carious permanent teeth as a sample. The selected teeth were divided into two test groups. All odd number teeth (20) were included in group-1(where pulp capping was done with ledermix cement). All even number teeth (20) were included in group-2(where pulp capping was done with Ca(OH)2). We assessed all the patients clinically and radiographically at the interval of 3, 6, and 12 months simultaneously for the assessment of dentinal bridge formation and also collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 17. Results: Among the full scale 40 models, ledermix (20) and Ca(OH)2(20), minor to direct irritaion of the teeth was experienced premium to treatment and found comparable in the two gatherings. Regardless, after 24 hrs of treatment, this value was shockingly higher in the Ca(OH)2 (p<0.01)group than in the Ledermix gathering (p < 0.001, t-test). Following 7 days, there was no basic differentiation between them. Follow up evaluation revealed, failure of 3 teeth treated with Ca(OH)2 and 2 teeth treated with ledermix due to pain and swelling. The remaining 35 teeth radiated an impression of being clinically and radiologically successful a year postoperatively. Conclusion: No post-operative pain was experienced in both groups in the long term. However, within the first hours after cementation, there was a sensation of pain significantly higher in the Ca(OH)2 group than in the Ledermix group. Ledermix can be considered a predictable treatment and may be an alternative to calcium hydroxide in indirect pulp capping. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2020; 10 (1): 6-12

Happy hypoxia in COVID-19: pathophysiology and pulse oximetry accuracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
Noamaan Wilson-Baig
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

Many patients with COVID-19 have presented to emergency departments with arterial hypoxaemia but without breathlessness; this is called ‘happy hypoxia’ or, more accurately, ‘silent hypoxaemia’. Hypoxaemia needs to be identified correctly in patients with COVID-19 as it is associated with in-hospital mortality. The aetiology of silent hypoxia is unclear, and the pathophysiological processes involved in the relationship between the response to hypoxaemia and the sensation of dyspnoea may explain its clinical presentation. Pulse oximetry is used routinely to measure oxygen saturation. However, recent literature has questioned its accuracy in patients with COVID-19. Inaccuracies in readings, which arise for several reasons, could in part explain silent hypoxaemia. Caution should be taken when interpreting pulse oximeter readings or patients could be given a higher inspired oxygen fraction than necessary. Silent hypoxaemia may also mask disease severity in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals In vivo Evaluation of Marginal Microgaps of Sheep Incisors filled with Two Composite Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-655
Author(s):  
Mária Figurová ◽  
Valent Ledecký ◽  
Svetoslav Štvrtina
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Type A ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to evaluate the marginal microgaps of two light-induced polymerization composite materials: Filtek P60 (3M ESPE) and Opticor New (Spofa Dental) in ovine teeth in vivo. The restorative materials were placed to type A-cavity to buccal surfaces of permanent teeth (Triadan system 301, 302, 303, 401, 402, 403). The variables of composite materials were evaluated in 3 groups of animals, 2 animals in each, at different time intervals (1, 6 and 9 months after beginning of the experiment). In various time intervals, 12 teeth per group were extracted under general injection anaesthesia, 6 teeth from each animal). Altogether 36 teeth were extracted throughout the experiment. During the experiment we observed neither cracks nor marginal discoloration in both Filtek P60 and Opticor New restorations. Retention of all restorations was 100%. Significant (P = 0.029 ANOVA) differences were observed in the dentin with Filtek P60 packable restorations which exhibited smaller marginal microgaps (OPTICOR NEW and dentin 11.09 mm, FILTEK P60 and dentin 5.64 μm). The mean size of microgaps between dentin and the packable composite material Filtek P60 was significantly lower (P = 0.029 ANOVA) in comparison with the microhybrid Opticor New composite restorations. These materials are suitable as permanent restoration of dental cervical caries in sheep and other herbivores, such as those kept in zoological gardens and companion animals.

Design and In Vivo Evaluation of a Non-Invasive Transabdominal Fetal Pulse Oximeter

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-266
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Fong ◽  
Kaeli J. Yamashiro ◽  
Kourosh Vali ◽  
Laura A. Galganski ◽  
Jameson Thies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of dental pulse oximeter with customized sensor holder, thermal test and electric pulp test for the evaluation of pulp vitality: an in vivo study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamachari Janani ◽  
Ajitha Palanivelu ◽  
Raghu Sandhya
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Thermal Test ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Pulp Vitality ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

Background: the efficiency of the diagnostic aids plays an important role in the treatment plan. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dental pulse oximeter with a customized sensor holder, thermal test and electric pulp tester in assessing the actual pulp status and to evaluate the oxygen saturation level in control healthy teeth, non-vital and teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Material and methods: thirty-seven single canal teeth requiring endodontic therapy were included in the study. The selected teeth were tested with dental pulse oximeter, electric pulp test, cold spray, and heated gutta percha stick. Between each test a time lag of 2 minutes was allowed for the central sensitization to occur.  Three blinded operators were involved in the study. The actual status of the pulp was evaluated after the initiation of endodontic treatment. To assess the actual pulp status direct visual examination of access cavity as performed. The data was statistically analysed using (ANOVA) Analysis of Variance and Post-hoc Tukey test. Results: sensitivity of pulse oximeter, heat test, cold and electric pulp test, was 100, 25, 50, and 12, respectively. The specificity of these tests was 100, 72 81, and 77, respectively. The ANOVA showed that there was statistical difference between all the groups (p=0.0005). Post-Hoc Tukey revealed that there was statistical difference among all the groups, nonvital group (p=0.0005), control group (p=0.01) and for irreversible pulpitis (p=0.01). The overall diagnostic accuracy of pulse oximeter was 100% followed by cold test 66%, heat test to be 49% and electric pulp test to be 45%. Conclusion: the custom-made holder used in the present study aided in providing accurate response for pulp vitality testing. In this study the diagnostic accuracy was high with dental pulse oximeter followed by cold, heat and the least was electric pulp tester in different pulpal conditions.KEYWORDS Cold test; Heat test; Oxygen saturation; Pulse oximeter; Vitality tests.

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