Prognostic Indicators for Anterior Mandibular Repositioning in Adolescents with Class II Malocclusion: A Cross-Sectional Cephalometric Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Jong-Moon Chae ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Seon-Hye Kim ◽  
Utkarsh Mangal ◽  
Hye Young Seo
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Cephalometric Changes ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Objective: To investigate the cephalometric changes following anterior repositioning of the mandible for predicting the treatment effects in Class II adolescent patients. Study Design: Lateral cephalograms of 28 patients (ANB > 4°) were taken in centric occlusion (CO) and edge-to-edge bite (EtoE) before orthodontic treatment. The patients were classified into two groups according to their mandibular plane angle [MPA; low MPA (LMPA) ≤ 28° and high MPA (HMPA) > 28°]. Cephalometric changes of hard and soft tissues were measured and analyzed with an x-y cranial base coordinate system. Results: For CO to EtoE, there were no significant cephalometric changes between HMPA and LMPA, but the horizontal ratio of soft to hard tissue pogonion (H-Pog′/H-Pog) change was significantly greater with LMPA than with HMPA while the vertical ratio (V-Pog′/V-Pog) showed vice versa. For CO to EtoE, MPA showed significant correlations with H-Pog′/H-Pog and V-Pog′/V-Pog. Y-axis angle, V-Pog′/V-Pog and H-Pog′/H-Pog can be used as good tools to discriminate between HMPA and LMPA. Conclusion: Cephalometric findings for CO to EtoE may be useful in predicting the vertical and horizontal changes of hard and soft tissues with the treatment of growing adolescents having various vertical skeletal patterns of Class II malocclusion.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Bionator and Multi. P Appliances in the Treatment of Class II Malocclusion: a Cephalometric Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Morteza Oshagh ◽  
Mahtab Memarpour ◽  
Hooman Zarif Najafi ◽  
Somayeh Heidary
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Class Ii Treatment ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Functional Appliances ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Background: Functional appliances such as Bionator have been used to treat Class II malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental and soft tissue effects of Bionator appliances with Multi-P (a newly developed appliance) in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Subjects and methods: 45 class II children were chosen and randomly assigned to either the Bionator or Multi-P treatment group. After excluding 13 patients from the study, 21 patients in Bionator and 11 patients in Multi-P group have participated in the study. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the beginning (To) and at the end of treatment (T1) to evaluate the changes in both groups. The paired t.test and Leven’s test were enrolled for statistical analysis.Results: Reduction of ANB angle was detected in both treatment groups. The Bionator group underwent insignificant greater mandibular advancement as measured by the SNB angle. (p= 0.737) The mandibular plane angle increased insignificantly in both groups. (p> 0.05) The inclination of upper incisors decreased significantly in Multi-P group. (p= 0.042)Conclusion: Both appliances are effective therapeutic means for class II treatment associated with mandibular deficiency and may lead to normalization of the dentoskeletal parameters at the end of the treatment.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Craniofacial Characteristics between Two Different Adult Populations with Class II Malocclusion—A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Arvind Sivakumar ◽  
Prasad Nalabothu ◽  
Huyen Nguyen Thanh ◽  
Gregory S. Antonarakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
The South ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Craniofacial Characteristics

The dental, skeletal, and soft-tissue characteristics of a particular malocclusion can differ based on ethnicity, race, age, sex and geographical location with Class II malocclusion being one of the most prevalent malocclusions encountered in orthodontic clinical practice. The broad understanding of the characteristics of vertical skeletal and dental parameters in patients with Class II malocclusion can help clinicians to identify patterns and variations in the expression of this phenotype for better treatment outcomes. Hence, we compared the craniofacial characteristics of skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion traits from Indian and Vietnamese individuals to analyze the vertical skeletal and dental patterns in both population groups. The sample comprised of lateral cephalograms from 100 young adults with Class II malocclusion, of which fifty (25 males and 25 females) were from South India and the other 50 age- and sex-matched adults from Vietnam. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized into anonymous image files and were traced and assessed for 16 vertical skeletal and dental parameters. The ANB angle was greater in males (+1.4 deg; p < 0.001) and females (+1.9 deg; p < 0.001) in the South Indian population. The Vietnamese males had a larger mandibular plane angle, articular angle, anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height compared to the Indian males. The Vietnamese females had larger mandibular plane and articular angles compared to the Indian females. The skeletal class II malocclusion was more severe in the South Indian compared to the Vietnamese adults. The Vietnamese sample showed a generalized tendency towards a more vertical skeletal growth pattern and in males this pattern seemed to be due to the dentoalveolar component. The Vietnamese females showed a tendency towards a vertical growth pattern, but without apparent contribution by the dentoalveolar component.

Dental and skeletal effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate on hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusions in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yoon Jung ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Ja Hyeong Ku ◽  
Nam-Ki Lee ◽  
Yoonji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Palatal Plate ◽  
Skeletal Effects ◽  
Facial Types

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the dental and skeletal treatment effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plates (MCPPs) on adolescent patients with hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusion. Materials and Methods The study group included 40 patients with Class II malocclusion (18 boys and 22 girls, mean age = 12.2 ± 1.4 years) treated with MCPPs. Fixed orthodontic treatment started with the distalizing process in both groups. Participants were divided into hypo- or hyperdivergent groups based on their pretreatment Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) ≤22° or ≥28°, respectively. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were digitized, and 23 variables were measured and compared for both groups using paired and independent t-tests. Results The hyper- and hypodivergent groups showed 2.7 mm and 4.3 mm of first molar crown distalizing movement, respectively (P &lt; .001). The hypodivergent group had a slight 2.2° crown distal tipping of first molars compared with 0.3° in the hyperdivergent group. After distalization, the FMA increased 3.1° and 0.3°, in the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups, respectively (P &lt; .001). SNA decreased in the hypodivergent group, while other skeletal variables presented no statistically significant differences in the changes between the groups. Conclusions The hypodivergent group showed more distal and tipping movement of the maxillary first molar and increased FMA than the hyperdivergent group. Therefore, clinicians must consider vertical facial types when distalizing molars using MCPPs in Class II nonextraction treatment.

scholarly journals Upper Airway Dimensions in Class II Malocclusion

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Kirjavainen ◽  
Turkka Kirjavainen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Upper Airway Structure ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Abstract Objective: To study the effects of cervical headgear treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion on upper airway structures in children. Materials and Methods: Forty children aged 9.1 (7.2–11.5) years with Class II division 1 malocclusion were treated using a cervical headgear as the only treatment appliance. The headgear consisted of a long outer bow bent 15° upward and a large inner bow expanded 10 mm larger than the intermolar distance. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after the treatment. Upper airway structures were estimated from the cephalograms. The results were compared to cross-sectional data of 80 age-matched controls with a Class I molar relationship. Results: A Class I molar relationship was achieved in all treated children. The mean treatment time was 1.6 (0.3–3.1) years. The Class II malocclusion was accompanied by a similar or wider nasopharyngeal space than in the controls but narrower oro- and hypopharyngeal spaces. The retropalatal area was widened by the treatment (P &lt; .05), whereas the rest of the oropharynx and hypopharynx remained narrower than in the controls. Before the treatment, the mandibular plane was in a more horizontal position than in the controls, but during the treatment, it rotated to a position similar to that of the controls. Conclusion: Class II division 1 malocclusion is associated with a narrower upper airway structure even without retrognathia. Headgear treatment is associated with an increase in the retropalatal airway space.

scholarly journals Dental and skeletal effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate on hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusions in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Chang Yoon Jung ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Ja Hyeong Ku ◽  
Nam-Ki Lee ◽  
Yoonji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Palatal Plate ◽  
Skeletal Effects ◽  
Facial Types

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the dental and skeletal treatment effects after total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plates (MCPPs) on adolescent patients with hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II malocclusion. Materials and Methods The study group included 40 patients with Class II malocclusion (18 boys and 22 girls, mean age = 12.2 ± 1.4 years) treated with MCPPs. Fixed orthodontic treatment started with the distalizing process in both groups. Participants were divided into hypo- or hyperdivergent groups based on their pretreatment Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) ≤22° or ≥28°, respectively. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were digitized, and 23 variables were measured and compared for both groups using paired and independent t-tests. Results The hyper- and hypodivergent groups showed 2.7 mm and 4.3 mm of first molar crown distalizing movement, respectively (P &lt; .001). The hypodivergent group had a slight 2.2° crown distal tipping of first molars compared with 0.3° in the hyperdivergent group. After distalization, the FMA increased 3.1° and 0.3°, in the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups, respectively (P &lt; .001). SNA decreased in the hypodivergent group, while other skeletal variables presented no statistically significant differences in the changes between the groups. Conclusions The hypodivergent group showed more distal and tipping movement of the maxillary first molar and increased FMA than the hyperdivergent group. Therefore, clinicians must consider vertical facial types when distalizing molars using MCPPs in Class II nonextraction treatment.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Reliability of Beta and YEN Angle in Diagnosis of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: A Lateral Cephalometric Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
VK Ravindranath ◽  
Priya K Gupta ◽  
Vivek J Patni
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Beta Angle ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Cephalometric Study

ABSTRACT Introduction An accurate evaluation of sagittal jaw relationship is important in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Numerous angular and linear measurements have been incorporated to assess anteroposterior jaw discrepancy between maxilla and mandible so as to reach the correct diagnosis. So the purpose of this study is to compare Beta angle and YEN angle used to measure anteroposterior dysplasia and to find which is the most reliable between them. Materials and Methods The sample comprised 26 pretreatment lateral cephalograms of Skeletal class II patients. Results Descriptive analysis was performed and highly significant values were found with both Beta angle and YEN angle. Conclusion Beta and YEN angles are significant ones to assess the sagittal jaw relationship between maxilla and mandible. How to cite this article Gupta PK, Karandikar GR, Ravindranath VK, Sonawane M, Patni VJ. A Comparative Evaluation of Reliability of Beta and YEN Angle in Diagnosis of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion: A Lateral Cephalometric Study. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(2):101-103.

scholarly journals Class II malocclusion treatment with the Herbst appliance in patients after the growth peak

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos de Castro Alvares ◽  
Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽  
Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽  
Christian Zamberlan Angheben
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Treatment Onset ◽  
Cephalometric Changes ◽  
Mean Time

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate dentoskeletal effects in the treatment of Class II malocclusion performed with the Herbst appliance in patients at post-peak stage of growth. METHODS: The sample consisted of 16 patients with Class II malocclusion and average initial and final ages of 14.04 (ranging from 11.50 to 35.66) and 17.14 (ranging from 13.68 to 38.64) years, respectively, who were treated for an mean time of 2.52 years. Lateral cephalograms were obtained at treatment onset (T1) and completion (T2) to evaluate the effects of therapy. Initial dental casts were also used to evaluate the overjet and the anteroposterior severity of molar relationship at treatment onset. The cephalometric changes between initial and final stages were compared by means of the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: The results showed that the Herbst appliance did not promote significant changes in the maxillary component and the effective length of the mandible significantly increased without improving the maxillomandibular relationship. Changes in the maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar components revealed that the maxillary incisors exhibited retrusion and lingual tipping, while the mandibular incisors presented increased protrusion and buccal tipping. The dental relationships exhibited significant improvements with the treatment. CONCLUSION: Based on the present results, it was concluded that the effects of treatment performed with the Herbst appliance in patients at post-peak stage of growth are predominantly of dentoalveolar nature.

scholarly journals Influence of Vertical Facial Growth Pattern on Herbst Appliance Effects in Prepubertal Patients: A Retrospective Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maria Rita Giuca ◽  
Marco Pasini ◽  
Sara Drago ◽  
Leonardo Del Corso ◽  
Arianna Vanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

Introduction. The Herbst device is widely used for correction of class II malocclusions; however, most of the researches carried out on the Herbst appliance in literature do not take into account patients with a different mandibular divergence. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Herbst on dental and skeletal structures and to evaluate possible influence of vertical facial growth patterns. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on lateral cephalograms of 75 growing patients (mean age: 9.9 ± 1.9 years) with class II malocclusion treated with Herbst. Subjects were divided into 3 groups using the mandibular divergence index (SN and GoMe angle). Cephalometric parameters were evaluated using the modified SO (sagittal occlusion) Pancherz’s analysis. A statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate differences among groups using ANOVA. Results. Our study showed differences in response to treatment depending on patient’s facial vertical growth pattern. Cranial base angle and mandibular rotation were significantly different (p<0.05) between hypodivergent patients and normodivergent patients and between hypodivergent and hyperdivergent subjects. Conclusion. Hypodivergent patients increased their mandibular divergence during treatment to a greater extent than normodivergents; moreover, hyperdivergent patients exhibited a decreased mandibular divergence at the end of the treatment.

scholarly journals Relationship between skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions with vertical skeletal pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Sonia Patricia Plaza ◽  
Andreina Reimpell ◽  
Jaime Silva ◽  
Diana Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Skeletal Pattern

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the association between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns and assess which cephalometric variables contribute to the possibility of developing skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample included pre-treatment lateral cephalogram radiographs from 548 subjects (325 female, 223 male) aged 18 to 66 years. Sagittal skeletal pattern was established by three different classification parameters (ANB angle, Wits and App-Bpp) and vertical skeletal pattern by SN-Mandibular plane angle. Cephalometric variables were measured using Dolphin software (Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif, USA) by a previously calibrated operator. The statistical analysis was carried out with Chi-square test, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, and an ordinal multinomial regression model. Results: Evidence of association (p< 0.05) between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns was found with a greater proportion of hyperdivergent skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion using three parameters to assess the vertical pattern, and there was more prevalent hypodivergence in Class III malocclusion, considering ANB and App-Bpp measurements. Subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal pattern (odds ratio [OR]=1.85-3.65), maxillary prognathism (OR=2.67-24.88) and mandibular retrognathism (OR=2.57-22.65) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class II malocclusion. Meanwhile, subjects with maxillary retrognathism (OR=2.76-100.59) and mandibular prognathism (OR=5.92-21.50) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class III malocclusion. Conclusions: A relationship was found between Class II and Class III malocclusion with the vertical skeletal pattern. There is a tendency toward skeletal compensation with both vertical and sagittal malocclusions.

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