Evaluation of Primary Tooth Enamel Surface Morphology and Microhardness after Nd: YAG Laser Irradiation and APF Gel Treatment—An in vitro study

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Reddy Banda ◽  
Vanaja Reddy G ◽  
N Shashikiran
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Fluoride Treatment

Objective: Laser irradiation and fluoride has been used as a preventive tool to combat dental caries in permanent teeth, but little has been done for primary teeth which are more prone to caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate microhardness alterations in the primary tooth enamel after Nd-YAG laser irradiation alone and combined with topical fluoride treatment either before or after Nd-YAG laser irradiation.Method: Ten primary molars were sectioned and assigned randomly to: control group, Nd-YAG laser irradiation,Nd-YAG lasing before APF and APF followed by Nd-YAG lasing. The groups were evaluated for microhardness. Surface morphological changes were observed using SEM. Results: Statistical comparisons were performed. The control group's SEM showed a relatively smooth enamel surface and lasing group had fine cracks and porosities. In the lasing + fluoride group a homogenous confluent surface was seen. In the fluoride + lasing group an irregular contour with marked crack propagation was noted. There was a significant increase in the microhardness of the treatment groups. Conclusion: Nd-YAG laser irradiation and combined APF treatment of the primary tooth enamel gave morphologically hardened enamel surface which can be a protective barrier against a cariogenic attack

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of microhardness and morphology of permanent tooth enamel surface after laser irradiation and fluoride treatment - An in vitro study

LASER THERAPY ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
Mridula Goswami ◽  
Jatinder Kaur Dhillon ◽  
Ferah Rehman ◽  
Deepti Thakkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Permanent Tooth ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Fluoride Treatment

scholarly journals Effect of Nd:YAG laser combined with fluoride on the prevention of primary tooth enamel demineralization

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Torres Azevedo ◽  
Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni-Romano ◽  
Juliana dos Reis Derceli ◽  
Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
Keyword(s):  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Contact Mode ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Nail Polish

Most studies dealing with the caries preventive action of Nd:YAG laser have been done in permanent teeth and studies on primary teeth are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride sources on the acid resistance of primary tooth enamel after artificial caries induction by assessing longitudinal microhardness and demineralization depth. Sixty enamel blocks obtained from the buccal/lingual surface of exfoliated human primary molars were coated with nail polish/wax, leaving only a 9 mm² area exposed on the outer enamel surface, and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10) according to the type of treatment: C-control (no treatment); APF: 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel; FV: 5% fluoride varnish; L: Nd:YAG laser 0.5 W/10 Hz in contact mode; APFL: fluoride gel + laser; FVL: fluoride varnish + laser. After treatment, the specimens were subjected to a des-remineralization cycle for induction of artificial caries lesions. Longitudinal microhardness data (%LMC) were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and demineralization depth data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA and Fisher’s LSD test (á=0.05). APFL and APF groups presented the lowest percentage of microhardness change (p<0.05). Demineralization depth was smaller in all treated groups compared with the untreated control. In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride gel/varnish was not more effective than fluoride alone to prevent enamel demineralization within the experimental period.

scholarly journals Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on matrix-rich biofilm development formation – An in vitro study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Raquel Zancope ◽  
Vanessa B Dainezi ◽  
Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos ◽  
Sillas Duarte, Jr ◽  
Vanessa Pardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biofilm Development

Background. CO2 laser has been used to morphologically and chemically modify the dental enamel surface as well as to turn it more resistant to demineralization. Despite a variety of experiments demonstrating the inhibitory effect of CO2 laser in reduce enamel demineralization, little is known about the effect of surface irradiated on bacterial growth. Thus, this in vitro study was preformed to evaluate the biofilm formation on enamel previously irradiated with a CO2 laser (λ = 10.6 µM). Methods. For this in vitro study, it was employed 96 specimens of bovine enamel, which were divided into 2 groups (n = 48): 1) Control-non-irradiated surface and 2) Irradiated enamel surface. Biofilms were grown on the enamel specimens by 1, 3 and 5 days under intermittent cariogenic condition in the irradiated and non irradiated surface. In each assessment time, the biofilm were evaluated by dry weigh, counting the number of viable colonies and in fifth day, were evaluated by polysaccharides analysis, quantitative real time PCR as well as by contact angle. In addition, the morphology of biofilms was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Initially, the assumptions of equal variances and normal distribution of errors were conferred and the results are analyzed statistically by t-test and Mann Whitney test. Results. The mean of log CFU/ml obtained for the 1-day biofilm evaluation showed that there is statistical difference between the experimental groups. When biofilms were exposed to CO2 laser, CFU/mL and CFU/ Dry Weight in 3 day was reduced significantly compared with control group. The difference in the genes expression (gtfB and gbpB) and polysaccharides was not statically significant. Contact angle was increased relative to control when the surface was irradiated with CO2 laser. Similar morphology was also visible with both treatments, however irradiated group revealed evidence of melting and fusion in the specimens. Conclusion. In conclusion CO2 laser irradiation modify the energy surface and disrupt the initial biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Effect of CPP-ACP paste with and without CO2 laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness and bracket shear bond strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasrin Farhadian ◽  
Loghman Rezaei-Soufi ◽  
Seyed Farzad Jamalian ◽  
Maryam Farhadian ◽  
Shahrzad Tamasoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Group 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Many patients seeking orthodontic treatment already have incipient enamel lesions and should be placed under preventive treatments. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of CPP-ACP paste and CO2 laser irradiation on demineralized enamel microhardness and shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Methods: Eighty caries-free human premolars were subjected to a demineralization challenge using Streptococcus mutans. After demineralization, the samples were randomly divided into five equal experimental groups: Group 1 (control), the brackets were bonded without any surface treatment; Group 2, the enamel surfaces were treated with CPP-ACP paste for 4 minutes before bonding; Group 3, the teeth were irradiated with CO2 laser beams at a wavelength of 10.6 µm for 20 seconds. The samples in Groups 4 and 5 were treated with CO2 laser either before or through CPP-ACP application. SEM photomicrographs of a tooth from each group were taken to observe the enamel surface. The brackets were bonded to the buccal enamel using a conventional method. Shear bond strength of brackets and ARI scores were measured. Vickers microhardness was measured on the non-bonded enamel surface. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test at the p< 0.05 level. Results: The mean shear bond strength and microhardness of the laser group were higher than those in the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). All groups showed a higher percentage of ARI score 4. Conclusion: CO2 laser at a wavelength of 10.6 µm significantly increased demineralized enamel microhardness and enhanced bonding to demineralized enamel.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Different Bleaching Agents on the Morphology of Human Enamel: An in vitro SEM Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Uthappa ◽  
ML Suprith ◽  
Shreetha Bhandary ◽  
Sumit Dash
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Labial Surface

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to compare two different commercial bleaching agents, Opalescence with Colgate Platinum, and 30% phosphoric acid used as aggressive agent on the morphology of human enamel. Materials and methods Ten freshly extracted, noncarious, human maxillary central incisors extracted for periodontal reasons were used in this study. The labial surface of the disinfected teeth were polished using a polishing paste with the help of rubber cup and a slow speed handpiece. Each tooth was sectioned at cement-enamel junction and the crown was separated into four specimens, all taken from labial surface. Group 1 was treated with Colgate Platinum for 7 hours, group 2 with Opalescence for 7 hours, group 3 was treated with 30% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds and group 4 was untreated and used as control. After the treatment period, the specimens were washed with normal saline and stored in sterile bottle and sealed. Photomicrographs obtained from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after surface treatments were examined for no alteration, slight alteration, moderate alteration and severe alterations. Results The specimens treated with commercial bleaching agents revealed no enamel surface morphologic alterations compared to control group. The specimen treated with phosphoric acid showed severe alterations. Conclusion Ten percent carbamide peroxide evaluated in this study does not etch tooth enamel or alter enamel surface morphology as do conventional etching techniques. Clinical relevance Carbamine peroxide is a safe and effective tooth whitening agent even when used for extended period of time. The enamel surface remains smooth which reduces caries due to plaque collection. How to cite this article Uthappa R, Suprith ML, Bhandary S, Dash S. A Comparative Study of Different Bleaching Agents on the Morphology of Human Enamel: An in vitro SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):756-759.

scholarly journals In Vitro Erosive Effect of Pediatric Medicines on Deciduous Tooth Enamel

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Scatena ◽  
Daniel Galafassi ◽  
Jaciara Miranda Gomes-Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Borsatto ◽  
Mônica Campos Serra
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Salbutamol Sulfate ◽  
Sem Images

This study evaluated, in vitro, the erosive potential of pediatric liquid medicines in primary tooth enamel, depending on the exposure time. Sixty deciduous incisors were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=15), according to the immersion solutions: guaifenesin; ferrous sulfate; salbutamol sulfate and artificial saliva. The immersion cycles in the medicines were undertaken under a 1-min agitation, which wasperformed three times daily, during 28 days. Surface microhardness was measured at 7,14, 21 and 28 days. The titratable acidity and buffering capacity of the immersion media were determined. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Salbutamol sulfate caused a gradual loss in enamel microhardness deciduous, observed at all times (p<0.005). Exposure to guaifenesin or ferrous sulfate resulted in significant decrease of enamel microhardness only after 28 days (p<0.005). In the control group (artificial saliva), microhardness did not changed (p>0.005) at any of the studied times. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed that after 28 days the surfaces clearly exhibited structural loss, which was unlike those immersed in artificial saliva. Erosion of deciduous enamel was dependent on the type of medicine and exposure time.

scholarly journals Artificial Caries Resistance in Enamel after Topical Fluoride Treatment and 445 nm Laser Irradiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abbood Al-Maliky ◽  
Matthias Frentzen ◽  
Jörg Meister
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Topical Fluoride

Objective. This in vitro study is aimed at investigating the caries preventive effectiveness of 445 nm diode laser in combination with topical fluoridation. Materials and methods. A total of 30 caries-free bovine teeth were used in this study. Eighteen teeth were covered with nail varnish except four windows on the labial surface. The windows were assigned to no treatment/control (C), laser (L) (0.3 W, 60 s, and 90 J/cm2), fluoride (F), and fluoride followed by laser (FL) treatment groups. Artificial caries lesions were created, and the teeth were sectioned and investigated under polarized light microscopy for quantitative measurement of the resulted lesion depth. Ten teeth were used for surface temperature measurement and two teeth for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Extra twelve human molars were used for the intrapulpal temperature measurement. The absorbance of fluoride at 445 nm was measured. Results. The means of lesion depth for the C, L, F, and FL groups were 123.48 (±21.93), 112.33 (±20.42), 99.58 (±30.68), and 89.03 (±30.38) μm, respectively. The pairwise differences of the L, F, and FL groups compared with the C group were significant (p<0.05). The differences between groups were tested: FL versus L p=0.02, F versus L p=0.16, and FL versus F p=0.91, and the difference of the F versus FL was not significant (p=0.91). Temperature increment at the enamel surface and pulp roof were ∆T = 16.67 (±4.11) and 2.12 (±0.66)°C, respectively. The topical fluoride absorbance at 445 nm is five orders higher than that at 810 nm. SEM shows that after laser irradiation the enamel surface was intact and without thermal damage. Conclusions. The 445 nm laser irradiation may be useful for caries prevention, and its effectiveness is lower than those previously achieved using the argon ion laser.

scholarly journals Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on matrix-rich biofilm development formation – An in vitro study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Raquel Zancope ◽  
Vanessa B Dainezi ◽  
Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos ◽  
Sillas Duarte, Jr ◽  
Vanessa Pardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biofilm Development

Background. CO2 laser has been used to morphologically and chemically modify the dental enamel surface as well as to turn it more resistant to demineralization. Despite a variety of experiments demonstrating the inhibitory effect of CO2 laser in reduce enamel demineralization, little is known about the effect of surface irradiated on bacterial growth. Thus, this in vitro study was preformed to evaluate the biofilm formation on enamel previously irradiated with a CO2 laser (λ = 10.6 µM). Methods. For this in vitro study, it was employed 96 specimens of bovine enamel, which were divided into 2 groups (n = 48): 1) Control-non-irradiated surface and 2) Irradiated enamel surface. Biofilms were grown on the enamel specimens by 1, 3 and 5 days under intermittent cariogenic condition in the irradiated and non irradiated surface. In each assessment time, the biofilm were evaluated by dry weigh, counting the number of viable colonies and in fifth day, were evaluated by polysaccharides analysis, quantitative real time PCR as well as by contact angle. In addition, the morphology of biofilms was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Initially, the assumptions of equal variances and normal distribution of errors were conferred and the results are analyzed statistically by t-test and Mann Whitney test. Results. The mean of log CFU/ml obtained for the 1-day biofilm evaluation showed that there is statistical difference between the experimental groups. When biofilms were exposed to CO2 laser, CFU/mL and CFU/ Dry Weight in 3 day was reduced significantly compared with control group. The difference in the genes expression (gtfB and gbpB) and polysaccharides was not statically significant. Contact angle was increased relative to control when the surface was irradiated with CO2 laser. Similar morphology was also visible with both treatments, however irradiated group revealed evidence of melting and fusion in the specimens. Conclusion. In conclusion CO2 laser irradiation modify the energy surface and disrupt the initial biofilm formation.

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