scholarly journals Municipal Procedural Relations and Their Types

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
E. P. Zabelina
Keyword(s):  
Objective Criterion ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Law Making

The paper examines the content of municipal procedural relations, highlights their derivation from municipal  substantive legal relations. Substantive and procedural norms in municipal law and their distinctive objectives and  features of practice of their application constitute the basis for the separation of municipal procedural relations  from the system of municipal legal relations. Municipal procedural legal relations arise when their participants  carry out actions aimed at ensuring their powers to resolve issues of local importance. The author shows the  difference between substantive and procedural legal relations according to their object and grounds of occurrence  and distinguishes them according to such criteria as participants and their objective. Based on the first criterion, six  types of municipal procedural relations are distinguished, according to the objective criterion, four blocks of municipal  procedural relations are distinguished. Taking into account that in recent years a federal legislator has entrusted  more than one and a half thousand substantive powers to local self-government bodies, the author concludes that  it is necessary to intensify their law-making activities in order to develop and adopt municipal procedural acts.

Municipal law-making in IT-measures of anti-corruption transparency: monograph

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Akunchenko ◽  
M.A. Volkova ◽  
P. A. Vyrva ◽  
D.V. Gershanov ◽  
S.I. Gutnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Law ◽  
Law Making

Pollinator Insects and their Impact on Crop Yield of Mustard in Kusma, Parbat, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Narayan Subedi ◽  
Indra Prasad Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pod Length

The diversity of insect pollinators and their impact on crop yield of mustard were studied in Kusma, Parbat, Nepal from December 2018 to April 2019 in four blocks with each having 12 m2 areas. Two plots; treatment and control, were established in each block. Insect diversity was observed from 8 to 16 hrs, with the interval of an hour for three consecutive months (Jan-Feb). Eighty mustard plants were randomly selected, 40 from each plot just before flowering to find the impact of insect pollination on crop yield and these selected plants were examined for various qualitative and quantitative parameters. Altogether 16 species of pollinator insects belonging to five orders and nine families were recorded. Hymenoptera (36 %) was the most abundant order visiting mustard flowers followed by Diptera (34 %), Coleoptera (17 %), Lepidoptera (12 %) and Heteroptera (1 %). The most abundant family was Apidae (35.64 %), followed by Syrphidae (31.84 %). Apis cerana and Eristalis sp. were the most important pollinator insects of mustard. Seven species were found foraging both on pollen and nectar, four species foraging only on nectar and remaining five as casual visitors. The peak foraging activities of majority of the insects were observed between 12 hr to 14 hr. A significant difference was observed in the number of pods (59.80 ± 1.967 and 70.47 ± 2.431), fruit set (70.55 ± 1.362 and 80.94 ± 0.638), number of seeds per pods (16.70 ± 0.248 and 19.30 ± 0.330), diameter of seed (0.133 ± 0.2547 and 0.275 ± 0.0051) and weight of 100 dry seeds (0.33 ± 0.058 and 0.48 ± 0.023) in control and treatment plots whereas, the difference was non-significant in case of pod length between control and treatment plots (P=0.163).

Commentary: The Advisory Opinion on the Difference Relating to Immunity from Legal Process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission of Human Rights: Who Has the Last Word on Judicial Independence?

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Fox
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Advisory Opinion ◽  
Special Rapporteur ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Legal Competence ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Local Courts

A critical analysis, considering first, the legal competence and propriety of the Court in giving an opinion pursuant to the dispute settlement machinery of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of United Nations, whereby advisory jurisdiction over disputes of the UN is equated to contentious jurisdiction between consenting states; and second, the effect in municipal law of a state's obligation to respect the UN Secretary-General's certificate that a UN expert is entitled to immunity from legal process. The Court preserves resort to local courts but requires communication of the UN certificate and immunity to be dealt with expeditiously as a preliminary issue.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Leaf Surface Texture and Ability to Expand of Cured Tobacco

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
R Rohr ◽  
A Eberhard ◽  
R Delon ◽  
JP Descombes ◽  
JM Demor
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Objective Criterion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Expansion Capacity

AbstractTobacco leaf texture, appreciated by the difference of surface roughness of cured leaves, is studies with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The leaf texture is obviously determined by the presence or absence of conical cellular protuberances on the adaxial side of the leaf. Considering the anatomic point of view, the leaf thickness, always more important when the leaf texture is open, is the only objective criterion which could be associated to the texture. The ultra-structural study with SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrates that the expansion capacity of tobacco doesn't rely on cytological factors such as cellular reserves or debris. The expansion capacity could be inversely proportional with the relative importance of the mesophyll comparing to palisade parenchyma. On the studied material, no direct relation between the leaf texture and the expansion capacity has been noticed.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE CONDITION OF THE PERI-IMPLANT ORAL MUCOUS ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF DIGITAL MICROSCOPY

ScienceRise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Dmytro Korol ◽  
Artem Yefimenko ◽  
Mykhailo Korol
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Orthopedic Treatment ◽  
Objective Criterion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

The object of the study there is a level of hyperemia of the mucous membrane around the installed intraosseous dental implants with different coating material according to the results of histogram analysis of digital microscopy. The problem to be solved – evaluation of the degree of hyperemia of the periimplant mucosa around intraosseous dental implants coated with rutile, in comparison with titanium implants of VT-6 alloy after prosthetics. Main scientific results: Analysis of digital images using histogram evaluation of the red component of the spectrum showed that 1 month after prosthetics in group 1, which included 20 patients who had intraosseous implants made of titanium alloy TiV6Al (VT-6), the above indicator increased to 191 (St.Err. 4.45). The difference was 4 conventional units. Similarly, in group 2 (16 people) who had intraosseous zirconium implants, there was an increase in the quantitative rate after prosthetics by 9 conventional units, and its value was 194 conventional units (St.Err. 3.64). Since increasing numerical values ​​and shifting the digital histogram to the right is an objective criterion for reducing the intensity of redness, it can be concluded that there is a reduction of mucosal irritation after orthopedic treatment with a predominance of this process in the group of patients who received intraosseous dental implants coated with rutile. The area of practical use of research results:     Since the authors first studied the reaction of the peri-implant mucosa in contact with various implant materials at the stages of orthopedic treatment, this is the basis for the introduction into general medical practice of intraosseous dental implants made in Ukraine using rutile application technology. The area of application of an innovative technological product - it is a dental implant practice. The obtained results will allow to use more widely Ukrainian implants of non-demountable construction with a high level of surface preparation, for the purpose of further orthopedic treatment with the use of non-removable metal-ceramic dentures.

Problems of theStufenbaulehre: Kelsen’s Failure to Derive the Validity of a Norm from Another Norm

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Legal Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Basic Norm ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Transplanted Organs ◽  
Logical Result ◽  
Law Making

TheStufenbaulehreis a central and founding element of the Pure Theory of Law (PTL).Most of the criticism ofStufenbaulehretargets the idea of the basic norm (Grundnorm), however unjustified. This criticism stems from a misunderstanding of the presumptive character of the basic norm and of the whole legal order. Others have criticised the relativisation of the difference between individual and general norms, Kelsen’s monism, and the determination of the validity of a norm by a single other norm. This can be refuted as well - either because their critique does not concern an essential part ofStufenbaulehre(monism), or becauseStufenbaulehrecan be saved by making a small modification to it. However, there is one lethal criticism. It concerns the founding thought of the wholeStufenbaulehre, i.e., the derivation of validity. In a law-making process, there is never a derivation of validity: the logical result of a law-making process is only a norm saying “The new norm ought to be valid.” Whether the new norm is in fact valid, is a different issue which is not dealt with by the PTL. This has serious consequences: Without this derivationStufenbaulehrecannot survive, and withoutStufenbaulehre, PTL cannot survive either. Some valuable parts of PTL might be used in other legal theories, but these are nothing but transplanted organs from the dead body of PTL whose heart-Stufenbaulehre-can no longer keep the body alive.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Historical Reservations Required for Adequate Perception of the O. Holmes’ Legal Ideology

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Bogdan V. Lesiv ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Supreme Court Justice ◽  
Legal Ideology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Real Essence ◽  
Legal Understanding ◽  
Law Making

n Russian legal discourse there are frequent attempts to apply the postulates of a realistic legal understanding, formed by US Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, to continental legal realities. The findings of the American lawyer in relation to the jurisprudence of the United States are transferring to the Russian legal institutions without regard neither to the difference the very essence of common law, which was studies by O. Holmes, nor to the difference of status and functions of the judiciary, of which he wrote, nor even difference of the historical process of formation of legal material which he explored. As a result, we have statements like the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court or the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Russia are “judicial precedents”, and even the result of judicial law-making, as was described by O. Holmes and other legal realists. This article debunks the myths about the classification of the American legal understanding, about the real essence of judicial law-making in the United States and about its differences from its English predecessor, about the adequacy of the appeal to the American legal ideology without considering the cardinal features of the status and functioning of the US judicial system. The article offers a brief, but sufficient to overcome these errors, historical and theoretical essay on each of the identified areas.

scholarly journals Governmental Interventions in Constitutional Litigation: An Analysis of Section 25 of the Judicature Act

1969 ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Patrick Bendin
Keyword(s):  
Wide Sense ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Legislative History ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Attorneys General ◽  
Law Making

The Alberta Judicature Act requires that written notice be given to the Attorneys General for Canada and the Province whenever the constitutional validity of a Federal or Provincial enactment is challenged in a proceeding. The advent of Charter litigation has raised many questions and concerns about the scope and role of interveners. The author begins by outlining the legislative history and constitutional basis and validity of the notice requirement and then examines the scope of the notice requirement. It is submitted that the requirement of giving notice of a challenge to an enactment's constitutional validity should be seen in a wide sense so as to allow a government to be heard whenever their law making power is brought into issue. Proceedings and enactments to which the notice requirement applies are then outlined. The author deals with two objections to the notice requirement, the first being based on s. 52 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (the supremacy clause), the latter regarding the effect of s. 15 of the Charter and the difference in provincial notice requirements and access to Charter protection. The author concludes with a short discussion on the governmental interest in interventions and submits that while the role played by the Attorneys General is important, there are circumstances where the rights of intervention should not be protected at the expense of private litigants.

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