scholarly journals The use of methods and computer aided systems in the ecological design of product development

Mechanik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Marcin Paprocki
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
The Cost

Presented are two concepts of the process planning design procedure and the cost estimation aided by CAPP systems. Methods aiding ecological design of the product development, such as DFMA, DFE, FMEA, QFD and LCA, are presented too. The Eco-indicator 99 method which is used in the assessment of product life cycle impact on the environment (LCIA) is discussed. The paper recommends complementing the strategic enterprise backbone with the environmental component of the product life cycle assessment (Ecological Backbone).

scholarly journals Comparison of Product Life Cycle Cost Estimating Models Based on Neural Networks and Parametric Techniques—A Case Study for Induction Motors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8353
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Leszczyński ◽  
Tomasz Jasiński
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Parametric Estimation ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
The Cost

The cost estimation of a product’s life cycle is a key factor in the product design process. The research is based on an innovative model of artificial neural networks (ANNs) compared to a parametric estimation. Introducing modern elements of information technologies in the area of cost estimation for a production company is a vital element of its sustainability in the era of Industry 4.0. The presented modern product life cycle cost estimation tool in the form of ANN is a reliable source of forecast that is the basis for the product life cycle cost reduction program, which is a crucial element of sustainability. Research shows that ANNs are a viable alternative to parametric cost estimation. The percentage error between estimated and historical cost values is 8.05 times lower for ANN than for the parametric approach. ANN is an adequate cost estimation model for technologically complex products. The second contribution is using technical specifications required by the customer directly to estimate the cost of a product’s life cycle automatically. This can translate both into a reduction of the time needed to provide information to the client and the workload of engineers.

Methodology for Estimation of Life Cycle Orientated Optimizatation Measures of Investment Goods

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Nass ◽  
Andre Sprenger ◽  
Reiner Anderl
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Product Life ◽  
New Development ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Investment Goods

A manufacturer of any kind of product has to be in contrast to competitive to survive on market. A major point to win a customer over is the arrangements of costs. In investment goods industry asset cost are just the tip of the iceberg. Most of their costs accrue by use. Because of that it is important to overview the whole costs of the product life cycle. Product life cycle costs describe the cost of a product over its whole life. This includes all expenses from development, production and use to recycling and refers to manufacturer and customer equally. The majority of costs are determined in the stages of product development. As a manufacturer of complex investment goods (e.g. machine for production) the question of new development investments has to be answered. There are three important dimensions to consider. These dimensions concern the right part of product for improvement, the right kinds of costs and the owner of these costs. In detail they have to decide which part of product should be improved to get the main effect concerning reduction of life cycle costs. But in that case it is also important to know what kinds of costs of the chosen part have to be reduced (for example energy cost, cost for maintenance or repair). The third dimension in case of product life cycle costs aims at the owner of the cost, manufacturer or customer. This is a problem when new developments cause savings on one side but expenses for the other. In that context the best leverage of these combinations is searched for which means that exactly this kind of costs has to be identified, whose savings get the biggest benefit in relation to necessary expenses. This paper presents an approach to address this problem. For the pre-selection of possible functions established methods derived from product development are used in this context. Afterwards a procedure of quantification is presented. Calculation and rating of new defined management ratios provide the biggest leverage in order to reduce the product life cycle costs. This approach represents an instrument for manufacturer’s business of investment goods to make decisions about their future investments in the field of product development.

Life Cycle Cost Modeling of Pumps Using an Activity Based Costing Methodology

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxman Waghmode ◽  
Anil Sahasrabudhe ◽  
Prasad Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Traditional Costing ◽  
The Cost

Global competition is forcing manufacturing firms, designers, and customers to adopt life cycle costing methodology. The product life cycle costing (LCC) approach can help track and analyze the cost implications associated with each phase of product life cycle. LCC practices with traditional costing methods may provide results that have a severe deviation from the real product LCC as they focus on the cost of materials, labor, and a low portion of overheads apportioned by the absorption rate to the product. On the contrary, activity based costing (ABC) has emerged as a good alternative to traditional cost estimation techniques since it provides more accurate results. It is based on the principle that products or services consume activities and activities consume resources that generate costs. This paper presents a LCC modeling approach for estimating life cycle cost of pumps using the activity based costing method. The methodology presented here is an extension of application of ABC to entire product life cycle activities. The study was conducted in a large pump manufacturing company from India that has significant global standing within its industry. All the activities and associated cost drivers have been first identified for the entire life cycle of pumps. A methodology for LCC analysis using ABC is then developed and applied to two different pumps manufactured by the same industry and the results are presented.

scholarly journals A Framework for Life Cycle Cost Estimation of a Product Family at the Early Stage of Product Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
Jaya Suteja The ◽  
Prasad K.D.V. Yarlagadda ◽  
M. Azharul Karim ◽  
Cheng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Product Family Design ◽  
The Cost

A cost estimation method is required to estimate the life cycle cost of a product family at the early stage of product development in order to evaluate the product family design. There are difficulties with existing cost estimation techniques in estimating the life cycle cost for a product family at the early stage of product development. This paper proposes a framework that combines a knowledge based system and an activity based costing techniques in estimating the life cycle cost of a product family at the early stage of product development. The inputs of the framework are the product family structure and its sub function. The output of the framework is the life cycle cost of a product family that consists of all costs at each product family level and the costs of each product life cycle stage. The proposed framework provides a life cycle cost estimation tool for a product family at the early stage of product development using high level information as its input. The framework makes it possible to estimate the life cycle cost of various product family that use any types of product structure. It provides detailed information related to the activity and resource costs of both parts and products that can assist the designer in analyzing the cost of the product family design. In addition, it can reduce the required amount of information and time to construct the cost estimation system.

Assessing Product Architecture Costing: Product Life Cycles, Allocation Rules, and Cost Models

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian K. Fixson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Allocation Rules ◽  
The Cost

Product families and product platforms have been suggested as design strategies to serve heterogeneous markets via mass customization. Numerous, individual cost advantages of these strategies have been identified for various life cycle processes such as product design, manufacturing, or inventory. However, these advantages do not always occur simultaneously, and sometimes even counteract each other. To develop a better understanding of these phenomena, this paper investigates the cost implications of the underlying design decision: the product architecture choice. The investigation includes factors such as product life cycle phases, allocation rules, and cost models, all of which impact the cost analysis results. Based on this investigation, directions for future research on product architecture costing are provided.

Life Cycle Cost Modeling of Pumps Using an Activity Based Costing Methodology

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxman Yadu Waghmode ◽  
Anil Dattatraya Sahasrabudhe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Life Cycle Costing ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Traditional Costing ◽  
The Cost

In order to survive in today’s competitive global business environment, implementation of life cycle costing methodology with a greater emphasis on cost control could be one of the convincing approaches for the manufacturing firms. The product life cycle costing approach can help track and analyse the cost implications associated with each phase of product life cycle. Life cycle costing (LCC) practices with traditional costing methods may provide results that have a severe deviation from the real product LCC as it focuses on the cost of materials, labor and a low portion of overheads apportioned by the absorption rate to the product. Activity based costing (ABC) has emerged as one of the several innovative and more accurate costing methods in recent years. It is based on the principle that products or services consume activities and activities consume resources that generate costs. Thus, the ABC system focuses on calculating the costs incurred on performing the activities to manufacture a product. This paper presents a LCC modeling approach for estimating life cycle cost of pumps using activity based costing method. The study was conducted in a large pump manufacturing company from India that has significant global standing within its industry. Firstly, all the activities and cost drivers associated with the life cycle of a pump have been identified. A methodology for LCC analysis using ABC is then developed and it is applied to two different pumps manufactured by the same industry and the results obtained are presented.

Procurement Approaches in Different Supply Chains

2013 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
Stefan Pap ◽  
Liviu Morar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
The Cost

From a purchasing point of view, it can be argued that in order for a supply chain to be efficient the cost of purchasing must be balanced with risk pertaining to the supply market and the purchased product. To decide on the appropriate forms of supplier relationships today, we argue that there are three main dimensions to be considered: A more complex environment. Supply chain efficiency. Product life cycle.

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