scholarly journals Decentralized Control for Self-driving Cars That can Freely Move on Two-dimensional Plane

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. A103
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kano ◽  
Mayuko Iwamoto ◽  
Daishin Ueyama
Keyword(s):  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Dimensional Plane ◽  
Traffic Systems ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Traffic Rules

In the current traffic rules, cars have to move along lanes and to stop at red traffic lights. However, in the future when all cars become completely driverless, these traffic rules may vanish and cars may be allowed to move freely on two-dimensional plane by avoiding others like pedestrian flow. This innovation could greatly reduce traffic jams. In this study, we propose a decentralized control scheme for future self-driving cars that can freely move on two-dimensional plane, based on the social force model widely used as the model of pedestrian flow. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated via simulation. Although this study is still conceptual and does not consider realistic details, we believe that it paves the way to developing novel traffic systems.

The Research of Pedestrian Overtaking Model in Urban Rail Channel

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 1843-1847
Author(s):  
Yu Shang Fan ◽  
Xiang Yong Yin ◽  
Rui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pedestrian Travel ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Flow Cross

During walking, there exist many passageways that make pedestrian flow cross or walk in the other line, resulting in a mixture of pedestrian flow feature in pedestrian area and affecting the pedestrian travel time, traffic capacity and service levels of interwoven region. To solve this problem, this paper establishes the model of pedestrians beyond of basing on the social force model which is on the basis of the traditional model. With the aid of MATAB software, though the comparison of pedestrian passing time in urban rail channel, we verified the improved model in this paper is superior to the previous model and more realistic.

scholarly journals Simulation of Pedestrian Behavior in the Collision-Avoidance Process considering Their Moving Preferences

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilu Yuan ◽  
Hongfei Jia ◽  
Linfeng Zhang ◽  
Lei Bian
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
The Self ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Self Organizing

Walking habits can affect the self-organizing movement in pedestrian flow. In China, pedestrians prefer to walk along the right-hand side in the collision-avoidance process, and the same is true for the left-hand preference that is followed in several countries. Through experiments with pedestrian flow, we find that the relative position between pedestrians can affect their moving preferences. We propose a kind of collision-avoidance force based on the social force model, which considers the predictions of potential conflict and the relative position between pedestrians. In the simulation, we use the improved model to explore the effect of moving preference on the collision-avoidance process and self-organizing pedestrian movement. We conclude that the improved model can bring the simulation closer to reality and that moving preference is conducive to the self-adjustment of counterflow.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Arching Mechanism at Bottleneck in Subway Transit Hub

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Wei Luo ◽  
Pengpeng Jiao ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Under the massive pedestrian flow, pedestrians arching phenomenon forms easily at bottleneck in subway hubs, which might stampede and crush. To explore pedestrian arching mechanism at bottleneck in subway transit hub, this paper conducts a series of simulation experiment. Firstly, movement preference characteristic in subway transit hubs was introduced into the social force model which considers multiple force. Then, after setting basic experiment scenario, unidirectional flow at different bottlenecks were simulated. Finally, the mechanism of pedestrian arching phenomenon at bottleneck was quantitative analyzed with the help of experimental data. Some main conclusions are summarized. Pedestrian arching phenomenon could be divided into four stages: Free, arching formation, arching stabilization and arching dissipation. In addition, the relationship between bottleneck scenario and passing time could be built to a function model. With the different of bottleneck width ratio, passing time presents positive correlation. The research results could give some helps for understanding the dynamic evolution process of unidirectional flow at bottleneck, improving the pedestrian efficiency at bottleneck and optimizing pedestrian facilities in subway transit hub.

An extended social force model for pedestrian evacuation under disturbance fluctuation force

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050102
Author(s):  
Juan Wei ◽  
Wenjie Fan ◽  
Yangyong Guo ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Yuanyuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Momentum Equation ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Fluctuation Force ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Crowd Density

In order to characterize the disturbance fluctuation of pedestrian flow caused by the disturbance during evacuation and the state change of pedestrian flow, this paper improves the social force model by introducing disturbance fluctuation force. First, a momentum equation is established to describe the change of pedestrian flow under the influence of disturbance fluctuation, and the mathematical expression of disturbance fluctuation force is given. Second, the evacuation processes of pedestrian flow with and without “queue jumpers” are simulated with the simulation experimental platform, and the key factors influencing the performance of the model are deeply studied through numerical analysis. The results showed that: when the expected velocity is the same, the bigger the angle between the cross-section position vector and the initial expected velocity is, the more serious the congestion occurs at the exit. In addition, when the crowd density is small, the larger the angle, the higher the evacuation efficiency and vice versa.

scholarly journals Simulation of pedestrian flow with evading and surpassing behavior in a walking passageway

SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1013-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Jia ◽  
Hao Yue ◽  
Xin Tian ◽  
Huanhuan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Value ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Triggering Conditions ◽  
Direct Collision

The pedestrian flow with evading and surpassing behavior in a walking passageway is simulated based on a modified social force model in order to explore the influence of this behavior on evacuation efficiency, bottleneck passing capacity, and the macroscopic phenomenon. A pair of conjugated self-driven forces is introduced to enable a pedestrian to avoid a direct collision and keep a normal velocity magnitude while confronting an obstacle. The pedestrian avoiding time is used to define the triggering conditions of evading and surpassing behavior, and has been estimated through practical experiments. Simulation results show that in a passageway without spatial obstacles, the evading and surpassing behavior will increase the evacuation time under the condition that the pedestrian number is larger than a critical value. Moreover, when a spatial obstacle exists, both the rise of pedestrian numbers and the decline of bottleneck width would increase the evacuation time. Meanwhile, it is observed that compared with a bar-shaped obstacle, a circle-shaped obstacle corresponds to a larger bottleneck passing capacity and less evacuation time when the size of the spatial obstacle is above a critical value. In addition, a phenomenon of a triangle “evading region” caused by the evading and surpassing behavior also can be observed before the spatial obstacle through simulation and experiments. Furthermore, it can be concluded that a circle-shaped obstacle corresponds to a stronger guiding function and a larger area of “evading region” compared with a bar-shaped one, and induces a relatively higher bottleneck passing capacity in a walking passageway.

Modeling the Gender Effects of Pedestrians and Calibration of the Modified Social Force Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (31) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. P. Siddharth ◽  
P. Vedagiri
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Boundary Interaction ◽  
Gender Factor

The design of pedestrian sidewalks depends on pedestrian flow, which is related to the speed of pedestrians on the sidewalk. The social force model (SFM) is a microscopic pedestrian simulation model that has been able to reproduce many self-organization phenomena of pedestrian flow such as lane formation. Studies have shown that the SFM has been modified to model particular pedestrian behaviors in different situations by introducing new forces or introducing new factors in existing forces. Also, the literature shows that pedestrian speed varies because of pedestrian characteristics such as age, gender, group behavior, and so forth. There are no studies that model the effect of these pedestrian characteristics using the SFM. Therefore, in this study, we have modeled the effect of gender of pedestrians by introducing a gender factor [Formula: see text]. A sidewalk in Mumbai, India has been chosen for this study. Pedestrian flow and speed were collected from the site. A base SFM containing the driving force, pedestrian–pedestrian interaction force, and pedestrian–boundary interaction force was coded in MATLAB. This model contains six parameters, which were calibrated using a genetic algorithm. Next, the SFM was modified to include different reaction times for the male and female pedestrians, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Keeping other parameters as constant, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were calibrated and found. Gender factors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are found by dividing the reaction time [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text], respectively. These gender factors could be found for the different male/female composition of pedestrians, which would help in analyzing the level of service of sidewalks.

scholarly journals Extended social force model with a dynamic navigation field for bidirectional pedestrian flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Qun Jiang ◽  
Bo-Kui Chen ◽  
Bing-Hong Wang ◽  
Weng-Fai Wong ◽  
Bing-Yang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Dynamic Navigation

scholarly journals Destination and route choice models for bidirectional pedestrian flow based on the social force model

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Ning-bo ◽  
Qu Zhao-wei ◽  
Chen Yong-heng ◽  
Zhao Li-ying ◽  
Song Xian-min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Route Choice ◽  
Choice Models ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals A re-examination of the role of friction in the original Social Force Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M. Sticco ◽  
G.A. Frank ◽  
F.E. Cornes ◽  
C.O. Dorso
Keyword(s):  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model
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