The relationship between CSF and serum findings when diagnosed with syphilis

The authors studied the question of whether a highly sensitive and strictly specific reaction of blood serum flocculation can be an auxiliary tool in assessing positive reactions of cerebrospinal fluid. A study of 1400 cases has proven that a positive serum flocculation reaction invariably accompanies a special colloidal reaction (Goldsolreaktion).

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Direct UHPLC-DAD Method to Determine Asenapine, Paroxetine and Fluvoxamine in Human Blood Serum, Urine and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412912666151217182814 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 349-356

Author(s):

Leda Kovatsi ◽

Natalia Manousi ◽

Ioannis Papadoyannis

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Human Blood ◽

Human Blood Serum

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Increased cerebrospinal fluid adenosine 5'-triphosphate in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-021-02288-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Takamasa Nukui ◽

Atsushi Matsui ◽

Hideki Niimi ◽

Tomoyuki Sugimoto ◽

Tomohiro Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Assay System ◽

Atp Levels ◽

Sum Score ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Severe Group ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Background Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been suggested to cause neuroinflammation and motor neuron degeneration by activating microglia and astrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since we have developed a highly sensitive ATP assay system, we examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ATP levels in patients with ALS whether it can be a useful biomarker in ALS. Methods Forty-eight CSF samples from 44 patients with ALS were assayed for ATP with a newly established, highly sensitive assay system using luciferase luminous reaction. CSF samples from patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) were assayed as a control. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their disease severity, as evaluated using the Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score. Correlations between the CSF ATP levels and other factors, including clinical data and serum creatinine levels, were evaluated. Results CSF ATP levels were significantly higher in patients with ALS than in the iNPH (716 ± 411 vs. 3635 ± 5465 pmol/L, p < 0.01). CSF ATP levels were significantly higher in the more severe group than in the iNPH group (6860 ± 8312 vs. 716 ± 411 pmol/L, p < 0.05) and mild group (6860 ± 8312 vs. 2676 ± 3959 pmol/L, p < 0.05) respectively. ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R) (37.9 ± 5.7 vs. 42.4 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and serum creatinine levels (0.51 ± 0.13 vs. 0.68 ± 0.23 mg/dL, p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild group respectively. A negative correlation of CSF ATP levels with MRC sum score was demonstrated in the correlation analysis adjusted for age and sex (r = -0.3, p = 0.08). Conclusions Extracellular ATP is particularly increased in the CSF of patients with advanced ALS. CSF ATP levels may be a useful biomarker for evaluating disease severity in patients with ALS.

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Slithering CSF: Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics in the Stationary and Moving Viper Boa, Candoia aspera

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10070672 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 672

Author(s):

Bruce A. Young ◽

Skye Greer ◽

Michael Cramberg

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Cardiac Cycle ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Mean Amplitude ◽

The Body ◽

Body Waves ◽

Lower Amplitude ◽

Lateral Undulation ◽

Recovery From Anesthesia ◽

The Relationship

In the viper boa (Candoia aspera), the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows two stable overlapping patterns of pulsations: low-frequency (0.08 Hz) pulses with a mean amplitude of 4.1 mmHg that correspond to the ventilatory cycle, and higher-frequency (0.66 Hz) pulses with a mean amplitude of 1.2 mmHg that correspond to the cardiac cycle. Manual oscillations of anesthetized C. aspera induced propagating sinusoidal body waves. These waves resulted in a different pattern of CSF pulsations with frequencies corresponding to the displacement frequency of the body and with amplitudes greater than those of the cardiac or ventilatory cycles. After recovery from anesthesia, the snakes moved independently using lateral undulation and concertina locomotion. The episodes of lateral undulation produced similar influences on the CSF pressure as were observed during the manual oscillations, though the induced CSF pulsations were of lower amplitude during lateral undulation. No impact on the CSF was found while C. aspera was performing concertina locomotion. The relationship between the propagation of the body and the CSF pulsations suggests that the body movements produce an impulse on the spinal CSF.

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Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid inflammation and the blood-brain barrier in older surgical patients: the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study

Journal of Neuroinflammation ◽

10.1186/s12974-021-02145-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarinnapha M. Vasunilashorn ◽

◽

Long H. Ngo ◽

Simon T. Dillon ◽

Tamara G. Fong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Blood Brain ◽

Csf Levels ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Our understanding of the relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains limited, which poses an obstacle to the identification of blood-based markers of neuroinflammatory disorders. To better understand the relationship between peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) markers of inflammation before and after surgery, we aimed to examine whether surgery compromises the blood-brain barrier (BBB), evaluate postoperative changes in inflammatory markers, and assess the correlations between plasma and CSF levels of inflammation. Methods We examined the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study of adults aged ≥ 65 who underwent elective hip or knee surgery under spinal anesthesia who had plasma and CSF samples collected at baseline and postoperative 1 month (PO1MO) (n = 29). Plasma and CSF levels of three inflammatory markers previously identified as increasing after surgery were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and chitinase 3-like protein (also known as YKL-40). The integrity of the BBB was computed as the ratio of CSF/plasma albumin levels (Qalb). Mean Qalb and levels of inflammation were compared between baseline and PO1MO. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation between biofluids. Results Mean Qalb did not change between baseline and PO1MO. Mean plasma and CSF levels of CRP and plasma levels of YKL-40 and IL-6 were higher on PO1MO relative to baseline, with a disproportionally higher increase in CRP CSF levels relative to plasma levels (CRP tripled in CSF vs. increased 10% in plasma). Significant plasma-CSF correlations for CRP (baseline r = 0.70 and PO1MO r = 0.89, p < .01 for both) and IL-6 (PO1MO r = 0.48, p < .01) were observed, with higher correlations on PO1MO compared with baseline. Conclusions In this elective surgical sample of older adults, BBB integrity was similar between baseline and PO1MO, plasma-CSF correlations were observed for CRP and IL-6, plasma levels of all three markers (CRP, IL-6, and YKL-40) increased from PREOP to PO1MO, and CSF levels of only CRP increased between the two time points. Our identification of potential promising plasma markers of inflammation in the CNS may facilitate the early identification of patients at greatest risk for neuroinflammation and its associated adverse cognitive outcomes.

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Age-Dependency of Total Tau in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Corrected by Amyloid-β 1–40: A Correlational Study in Healthy Adults

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210286 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Paul Theo Zebhauser ◽

Achim Berthele ◽

Marie-Sophie Franz ◽

Oliver Goldhardt ◽

Janine Diehl-Schmid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Tau Proteins ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Total Tau ◽

Potential Marker ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Relationship

Background: Tau proteins are established biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions. Although measurement of total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is widely used in research and clinical settings, the relationship between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid is yet to be fully understood. While past studies reported a correlation between age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy adults, in clinical practice the same cut-off value is used independently of patient’s age. Objective: To further explore the relationship between age and total-Tau and to disentangle neurodegenerative from drainage-dependent effects. Methods: We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples of 76 carefully selected cognitively healthy adults and included amyloid-β 1–40 as a potential marker of drainage from the brain’s interstitial system. Results: We found a significant correlation of total-Tau and age, which was no longer present when correcting total-Tau for amyloid-β 1–40 concentrations. These findings were replicated under varied inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Results call into question the association of age and total-Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, they suggest diagnostic utility of amyloid-β 1–40 as a possible proxy for drainage-mechanisms into the cerebrospinal fluid when interpreting biomarker concentrations for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Synthesis of high luminescent Eu3+ doped nanoparticle and its application as highly sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ in real water and human blood serum

Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy ◽

10.1016/j.saa.2021.119942 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 119942

Author(s):

Arpita Dwivedi ◽

Monika Srivastava ◽

Amit Srivastava ◽

S.K. Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Human Blood ◽

Human Blood Serum ◽

Selective Detection ◽

Highly Sensitive

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West Nile Virus Chorioretinitis in the Presence of Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction Results

Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases ◽

10.1177/2474126420979254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 247412642097925

Author(s):

Kareem Moussa ◽

Karen W. Jeng-Miller ◽

Leo A. Kim ◽

Dean Eliott

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

West Nile Virus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

West Nile ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Serum ◽

Polymerase Chain

Purpose: This work aims to evaluate the utility of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and serology in confirming West Nile Virus (WNV) infection in patients with suspected WNV chorioretinitis. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of a cluster of patients who presented to the Retina Service of Massachusetts Eye and Ear between September and October 2018. Results: Three patients were identified with classic WNV chorioretinitis lesions with negative cerebrospinal fluid NAAT and positive serum serology findings. The diagnosis of WNV chorioretinitis was made based on the appearance of the fundus lesions and the presence of characteristic findings on fluorescein angiography as previously described in the literature. Conclusions: This report highlights 3 unique cases of WNV chorioretinitis in which NAAT of cerebrospinal fluid failed to identify WNV as the inciting agent. These cases stress the importance of serum serologic testing in diagnosing WNV infection.

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Evaluation of structural variations in the pituitary gland, hormonal status and laboratory markers of the central nervous system functioning in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness

Journal of obstetrics and women s diseases ◽

10.17816/jowd77930 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 23-36

Author(s):

Ekaterina A. Kondratyeva ◽

Alina O. Ivanova ◽

Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽

Elena G. Potyomkina ◽

Natalya V. Dryagina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Minimally Conscious State ◽

Conscious State ◽

Disorders Of Consciousness ◽

Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome ◽

Level Of Consciousness ◽

Chronic Disorders ◽

Minimally Conscious ◽

Chronic Disorders Of Consciousness

BACKGROUND: Consciousness is the state of being awake and aware of oneself and the environment. The disorders of consciousness result from pathologies that impair awareness. The development of effective comprehensive personalized interventions contributing to the recovery of consciousness in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness is one of the most pressing and challenging tasks in modern rehabilitation. AIM: The aim of this study was to understand structural problems of the pituitary gland, blood levels of gonadotropins and melatonin as well as brain damage markers in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness and to analyze the levels of the above markers among different groups of patients depending on the level of impaired consciousness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 61 chronic disorders of consciousness patients and identified three groups depending on the level of consciousness including 24 patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 24 patients with a minus minimally conscious state, and 13 patients with minimally conscious state plus. We performed magnetic resonance imaging of chiasmatic-sellar region and determined blood serum levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones and melatonin, as well as urinary level of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and the content of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), apoptosis antigen (APO-1), FasL, glutamate, and S100 protein in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS: The patients were examined in the age ranging from 15 to 61 years old. Patient groups were homogeneous by the level of consciousness in terms of age and duration of chronic disorders of consciousness by the time of examination. The patients did not differ in the pituitary volume regardless of the level of consciousness. No significant differences were found between the groups with different levels of consciousness when studying the levels of melatonin in the blood serum and its metabolite in the urine. A peak in melatonin secretion was detected at 3 a.m. in 54.5 % of the patients, which can be considered as a favorable prognostic marker for further recovery of consciousness. Hypogonadotropic ovarian failure was found in 34 % of the patients, with normogonadotropic ovarian failure in the remaining patients. Serum APO-1 and BDNF levels were significantly higher in patients with minimally conscious state relative to those with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. Significantly lower levels of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid were detected in women with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome compared to patients with minimally conscious state. CONCLUSIONS: Further in-depth examination and accumulation of data on patients with chronic disorders of consciousness may provide an opportunity to identify highly informative markers for predicting outcomes and to develop new effective approaches to rehabilitation of consciousness in this category of patients.

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