scholarly journals Mind and brain: what is the connection? Clinical and philosophical aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol LIII (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Mikhail L. Zobin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Property Dualism ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Relationship

The analytical review touches on clinical, neurobiological and philosophical problems of the relationship between brain and mind. With regard to the needs of clinical practice, the ontological aspects of consciousness and free will are considered, and some theoretical models of behavioral psychopathology are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the priority in psychiatry of the neurobiological paradigm while maintaining interest in modern forms of interactionist and property dualism.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

Ex Meritis Praevisis: Predestination, Grace, and Free Will in intra-Jesuit Controversies (1587-1613)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-150
Author(s):  
Eleonora Rai
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Sovereign Authority ◽  
Theological Debate ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
God’S Foreknowledge ◽  
Catholic Theological

AbstractThis article retraces the intra-Jesuit theological debates on the theology of salvation, including the relationship between the elements of predestination, God’s foreknowledge, Grace, and free will, in the delicate passage between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, and within the debates on Augustine’s theological legacy. Specifically, it explores the Flemish Jesuit Leonard Lessius’ theology and the discussions raised by it within the Society of Jesus, in order to show how soteriology has been central in the process of self-definition of the Jesuit identity in the Early Modern Age. This is particularly clear from the internal debates developed between Lessius, on the one hand, and General Claudio Acquaviva and curial theologian Roberto Bellarmino, on the other hand. Not only does the article investigate little known aspects of intra-Catholic theological debate in the post Tridentine period, but it also shows how deep pastoral and moral concerns strongly contributed to the rise of Lessius’ open-minded theology of salvation, which seemed to deprive God’s sovereign authority in favour of humankind’s free will, and human agency in the process of salvation.

scholarly journals Insights into the role of placenta thickness as a predictive marker of perinatal outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 030006052199096
Author(s):  
Xiwen Sun ◽  
Jiayu Shen ◽  
Liquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Fetal Abnormalities ◽  
The Relationship

The placenta is a transitory organ indispensable for normal fetal maturation and growth. Recognition of abnormal placental variants is important in clinical practice, and a broader understanding of the significance of placental variants would help clinicians better manage affected pregnancies. Increased thickness of the placenta is reported to be a nonspecific finding but it is associated with many maternal and fetal abnormalities, including preeclampsia and abnormal fetal growth. In this review, we address the questions regarding the characteristics of placenta thickness and the relationship between thickened placenta and poor pregnancy outcomes.

A Disorder by Any Other Name: Metacognition, Schizophrenia, and Diagnostic Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Lysaker ◽  
Aieyat B. Zalzala ◽  
Nicolai Ladegaard ◽  
Benjamin Buck ◽  
Bethany L. Leonhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Diagnostic Practice ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Metacognitive Reflection ◽  
Diagnostic Label

Humanistic psychology has made us aware that any understanding of schizophrenia must see persons diagnosed with this condition as whole persons who are making sense of what wellness and recovery mean to them. This has raised questions about what the diagnosis of schizophrenia means and whether the diagnostic label of schizophrenia is helpful when we try to conceptualize the actions and aims of treatment. To examine this issue we propose it is essential to consider what is systematically occuring psychologicaly in recovery when persons experience, interpret and agentically respond to emerging challenges. We then review how the integrated model of metacognition provides a systematic, person-centered, evidence-based approach to understanding psychological processes which impact recovery, and discuss how this guides a form of psychotherapy, metacognitive reflection and insight therapy, which promotes metacognitive abilities and support recovery. We suggest this work indicates that metacognitive capacity is something that can be diagnosed without stigmatizing persons. It can be used to meaningfully inform clinical practice across various theoretical models and offers concrete implications for rehabilitation.

Clinical Translation, Ethics, and Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kimmelman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Linear Process ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Translation Ethics

Many representations of clinical translation present it as a linear process by which bench discoveries are advanced into clinical practice. The present chapter offers a conceptual framework that highlights distinctive ethical aspects of clinical translation. The framework understands clinical translation as a process not so much as developing new treatments but rather generating evidence on how to use (and how not to use) new as well as old interventions. It also emphasizes attending to the relationship of different studies with each other and the importance of coordinating different studies with each other. The model presented here foregrounds the role of coordination in realizing societal objectives of clinical translation at minimal burden and cost for patients and study volunteers.

An Ethos of Inclusion for Global Nursing Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Michele J. Upvall
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

The Year of the Nurse and Midwife, 2020, is an opportunity for global nurses to realize the ethos of inclusion for transformative global nursing partnerships. Including all partners in developing and maintaining the relationship provides the foundation for bidirectionality whereby all partners learn and grow personally and professionally from each other. Guidelines, theoretical models, and Codes of Ethics are suggested for applying an ethos of inclusion in all global nursing partnerships.

scholarly journals A virtual second opinion: Acceptability of a computer-based decision tool to assess older drivers with dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-924
Author(s):  
Mark J Rapoport ◽  
Carla Zucchero Sarracini ◽  
Benoit M Mulsant ◽  
Dallas P Seitz ◽  
Frank Molnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Second Opinion ◽  
Decision Tool ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Translation Interventions

Clinicians face challenges in deciding which older patients with dementia to report to transportation administrators. This study used a qualitative thematic analysis to understand the utility and limitations of implementing a computer-based Driving in Dementia Decision Tool in clinical practice. Thirteen physicians and eight nurse practitioners participated in an interview to discuss their experience using the tool. While many participants felt the tool provided a useful ‘virtual second opinion’, specialist physicians felt that the tool did not add value to their clinical practice. Barriers to using the Driving in Dementia Decision Tool included lack of integration with electronic medical records and inability to capture certain contextual nuances. Opinions varied about the impact of the tool on the relationship of clinicians with patients and their families. The Driving in Dementia Decision Tool was judged most useful by nurse practitioners and least useful by specialist physicians. This work highlights the importance of tailoring knowledge translation interventions to particular practices.

scholarly journals Which hand is mine? Discriminating body ownership perception in a two-alternative forced choice task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Chancel ◽  
H. Henrik Ehrsson
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spatial Congruence ◽  
Perception Action

The experience of one’s body as one’s own is referred to as the sense of body ownership. This central part of human conscious experience determines the boundary between the self and the external environment, a crucial distinction in perception, action, and cognition. Although body ownership is known to involve the integration of signals from multiple sensory modalities, including vision, touch and proprioception, little is known about the principles that determine this integration process, and the relationship between body ownership and perception is unclear. These uncertainties stem from the lack of a sensitive and rigorous method to quantify body ownership. Here, we describe a two-alternative forced choice discrimination task that allows precise and direct measurement of body ownership as participants decide which of two rubber hands feels more like their own in a version of the rubber hand illusion. In two experiments, we show that the temporal and spatial congruence principles of multisensory stimulation, which determine ownership discrimination, impose tighter constraints than previously thought and that texture congruence constitutes an additional principle; these findings are compatible with theoretical models of multisensory integration. Taken together, our results suggest that body ownership constitutes a genuine perceptual multisensory phenomenon that can be quantified with psychophysics in discrimination experiments.

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