scholarly journals Which hand is mine? Discriminating body ownership perception in a two-alternative forced choice task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Chancel ◽  
H. Henrik Ehrsson
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spatial Congruence ◽  
Perception Action

The experience of one’s body as one’s own is referred to as the sense of body ownership. This central part of human conscious experience determines the boundary between the self and the external environment, a crucial distinction in perception, action, and cognition. Although body ownership is known to involve the integration of signals from multiple sensory modalities, including vision, touch and proprioception, little is known about the principles that determine this integration process, and the relationship between body ownership and perception is unclear. These uncertainties stem from the lack of a sensitive and rigorous method to quantify body ownership. Here, we describe a two-alternative forced choice discrimination task that allows precise and direct measurement of body ownership as participants decide which of two rubber hands feels more like their own in a version of the rubber hand illusion. In two experiments, we show that the temporal and spatial congruence principles of multisensory stimulation, which determine ownership discrimination, impose tighter constraints than previously thought and that texture congruence constitutes an additional principle; these findings are compatible with theoretical models of multisensory integration. Taken together, our results suggest that body ownership constitutes a genuine perceptual multisensory phenomenon that can be quantified with psychophysics in discrimination experiments.

scholarly journals Which hand is mine? Discriminating body ownership perception in a two-alternative forced-choice task

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 4058-4083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Chancel ◽  
H. Henrik Ehrsson
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spatial Congruence ◽  
Perception Action

Abstract The experience of one’s body as one’s own is referred to as the sense of body ownership. This central part of human conscious experience determines the boundary between the self and the external environment, a crucial distinction in perception, action, and cognition. Although body ownership is known to involve the integration of signals from multiple sensory modalities, including vision, touch, and proprioception, little is known about the principles that determine this integration process, and the relationship between body ownership and perception is unclear. These uncertainties stem from the lack of a sensitive and rigorous method to quantify body ownership. Here, we describe a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task that allows precise and direct measurement of body ownership as participants decide which of two rubber hands feels more like their own in a version of the rubber hand illusion. In two experiments, we show that the temporal and spatial congruence principles of multisensory stimulation, which determine ownership discrimination, impose tighter constraints than previously thought and that texture congruence constitutes an additional principle; these findings are compatible with theoretical models of multisensory integration. Taken together, our results suggest that body ownership constitutes a genuine perceptual multisensory phenomenon that can be quantified with psychophysics in discrimination experiments.

Habit learning in a forced-choice task

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Dressel ◽  
Teena D. Moody ◽  
Barbara J. Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Habit Learning ◽  
Forced Choice Task

The Relationship between Concentration and Sensory Properties of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin in Drinking Water

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ito ◽  
T. Okumura ◽  
M. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Triangle Method ◽  
Musty Odor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Samples

The study of the relations between the senses of smell and taste and odorant concentration is important for the solution of odor problems. The threshold concentrations of odor and taste (TOC, TTC) of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin were measured by the non-forced choice triangle method using 12-20 panelists. Both TOC and TTC were found to be functions of water temperature and the concentration of residual chlorine. The TOC and TTC of mixed samples were rather lower than the concentrations calculated from the mixing ratio. The sensitivities of the consumer panel and the number of musty odor complaints from consumers are related to MIB or geosmin concentration. The ratio of the number of complaints to MIB (or geosmin) concentration decreased after maximum complaint, but the sensitivity of the consumer panel remained the same.

Humans and the Environment

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Environmental Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The environment has always been a central concept for archaeologists and, although it has been conceived in many ways, its role in archaeological explanation has fluctuated from a mere backdrop to human action, to a primary factor in the understanding of society and social change. Archaeology also has a unique position as its base of interest places it temporally between geological and ethnographic timescales, spatially between global and local dimensions, and epistemologically between empirical studies of environmental change and more heuristic studies of cultural practice. Drawing on data from across the globe at a variety of temporal and spatial scales, this volume resituates the way in which archaeologists use and apply the concept of the environment. Each chapter critically explores the potential for archaeological data and practice to contribute to modern environmental issues, including problems of climate change and environmental degradation. Overall the volume covers four basic themes: archaeological approaches to the way in which both scientists and locals conceive of the relationship between humans and their environment, applied environmental archaeology, the archaeology of disaster, and new interdisciplinary directions.The volume will be of interest to students and established archaeologists, as well as practitioners from a range of applied disciplines.

scholarly journals Experiential ownership and body ownership are different phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Liang ◽  
Wen-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Tai-Yuan Chang ◽  
Chi-Hong Chen ◽  
Chen-Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Full Body

AbstractBody ownership concerns what it is like to feel a body part or a full body as mine, and has become a prominent area of study. We propose that there is a closely related type of bodily self-consciousness largely neglected by researchers—experiential ownership. It refers to the sense that I am the one who is having a conscious experience. Are body ownership and experiential ownership actually the same phenomenon or are they genuinely different? In our experiments, the participant watched a rubber hand or someone else’s body from the first-person perspective and was touched either synchronously or asynchronously. The main findings: (1) The sense of body ownership was hindered in the asynchronous conditions of both the body-part and the full-body experiments. However, a strong sense of experiential ownership was observed in those conditions. (2) We found the opposite when the participants’ responses were measured after tactile stimulations had ceased for 5 s. In the synchronous conditions of another set of body-part and full-body experiments, only experiential ownership was blocked but not body ownership. These results demonstrate for the first time the double dissociation between body ownership and experiential ownership. Experiential ownership is indeed a distinct type of bodily self-consciousness.

scholarly journals Measuring Legacies of Collective Racial Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 694 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Sarah Gaby
Keyword(s):  
Racial Violence ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Legacy Effect ◽  
Housing Segregation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Racialized Violence ◽  
The Relationship

The “legacy effect” of lynchings and other forms of racialized violence has shaped patterns of inequality in America. While past studies have been relatively similar in their design—relating basic counts of lynchings to various contemporary outcomes—I argue for and demonstrate a more nuanced approach. I show that if we think of racialized violence as more than just the act of lynching, and consider both the temporal and spatial proximity between historic events of racial violence and contemporary inequality, we can establish this relationship in a more fulsome way. In the case of this study, the relationship is drawn to housing segregation. I argue that expanding the conceptualization of racial violence is critical for both empirical inquiry and shaping community efforts around redress.

A collective ethnographer: fieldwork experience in the Brazilian Northeast

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lygia Sigaud
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Fieldwork Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines a 30-year experience of collective ethnography in the sugarcane plantations of Brazil's Northeast. Over this period, the research group has worked in different temporal and spatial contexts, continually exchanging its findings. The author draws on her experience as part of the research group in order to focus on the conditions of entering the field, the seasonal variations and geographic displacements, the research group's morphology and the overall implications for anthropological knowledge. Debates over ethnography have neglected the relationship between the social conditions in which anthropologists carry out their work and what they are able to write about the social world. This article sets out to fill this gap.

Crustacean zooplankton species richness: single- and multiple-year estimates

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1573-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley E Arnott ◽  
John J Magnuson ◽  
Norman D Yan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Asymptotic Approach ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temporal Extent

Richness estimates are dependent on the spatial and temporal extent of the sampling programme and the method used to predict richness. We assessed crustacean zooplankton richness in eight Canadian Shield lakes at different temporal and spatial scales using three methods of estimation: cumulative, asymptotic, and Chao's index. Percent species detected increased with the number of spatial, intraannual, or interannual samples taken. Single samples detected 50% of the annual species pool and 33% of the total estimated species pool. This suggests that previous estimates of zooplankton richness, based on single samples in individual lakes, are too low. Our richness estimates for individual lakes approach the total number of zooplankton found in some regions of Canada, suggesting that each lake has most taxa at some time, the majority being very rare. Single-year richness estimates provided poor predictions of multiple-year richness. The relationship between richness and environmental variables was dependent on the method of estimation and the number of samples used. We conclude that richness should be treated as an "index" rather than an absolute and sampling efforts should be standardized. We recommend an asymptotic approach to estimate zooplankton richness because the number of samples taken influenced it less.

An Ethos of Inclusion for Global Nursing Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Michele J. Upvall
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

The Year of the Nurse and Midwife, 2020, is an opportunity for global nurses to realize the ethos of inclusion for transformative global nursing partnerships. Including all partners in developing and maintaining the relationship provides the foundation for bidirectionality whereby all partners learn and grow personally and professionally from each other. Guidelines, theoretical models, and Codes of Ethics are suggested for applying an ethos of inclusion in all global nursing partnerships.

scholarly journals RNNs develop history biases in an expectation-guided two-alternative forced choice task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Molano-Mazon ◽  
Guangyu Robert Yang ◽  
Ainhoa Hermoso-Mendizabal ◽  
Jaime de la Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Forced Choice Task
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