Tuberculosis infection in children with negative reactions to the diaskintest

Variants of the course of tuberculosis infection in 54 children from two to 14 years old, negatively reacting to a sample with an allergen tuberculosis recombinant (Diaskintest) were analyzed. There were 3 groups: 1st – 27 children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT), 50. 0% of cases; 2nd – 16 children with newly diagnosed residual post-tuberculosis changes (OPTI), 29. 6% of cases; 3rd group – 11 patients with active tuberculosis, 20. 4% of cases. Methods of examination: intradermal Mantoux test with 2TE and Diaskintest, according to the testimony of a number of patients in vitro tests: QuantiFERON test (QFT), – SPOT test.TV, multispiral computed tomography, bacteriological, molecular genetic methods of investigation on MBT. The method of mass tuberculin diagnostics revealed 70. 4 ± 8. 8% of children of the 1st group, 93. 8 ± 4. 7% of the 2nd group and 54. 6 ± 15. 0% of children of the 3rd group. The duration of infection with MBT in children was different and was less than 1 year in children of the 1st and 2nd groups – 51. 9 ± 9. 6% and 43. 8 ± 12. 4% of cases, respectively, which was significantly more frequent than in patients of the 3rd group (18. 2 ± 11. 6% of cases). Tuberculosis disease occurred in the form of complicated forms of the primary period-in 45. 5 ± 15. 0 % of cases, uncomplicated forms – in 27. 3 ± 3. 4% of cases, generalized lesions – in 27. 3 ± 13. 4% of cases. Diagnosis of a specific lesion occurred equally in the manifest phases of inflammation: infiltration, infiltration and decay (45. 5 ± 15. 0% of cases), and in the phase of ongoing reverse development (incomplete calcination – in 45. 5 ± 15. 0% of cases), one child had a combination of infiltration and calcination phases (9. 1 ± 8. 7% of cases). Residual posttuberculosis changes in children of group 2 were more often formed in the form of calcifications in the organs of the thoracic cavity – in 87. 5% of cases, in 12. 5 ± 8. 3% of patients OPTI was formed by the formation of seals. Conclusion: in children with negative reactions to the Diaskintest requires individual comprehensive diagnosis of tuberculosis infection.

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Recombinant in vitro test T-SPOT.TB as a screening method for early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection

Tuberculosis and lung diseases ◽

10.21292/2075-1230-2020-98-4-48-52 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 48-52

Author(s):

E. P. Eremenko ◽

E. A. Borodulina ◽

I. A. Sergeeva ◽

D. A. Kudlay ◽

B. E. Borodulin

Keyword(s):

Screening Method ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Mantoux Test ◽

Skin Tests ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Vitro Test

In addition to standard skin tests (Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L and diaskintest) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, in vitro tests are used. One of these tests is T-SPOT.TB being more widely used in recent years.The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of T-SPOT.TB test for early detection of tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents in Samara Region.Subjects and methods. From 2016 to 2019, results of T-SPOT.TB tests performed in 596 children aged 2 to 17 years inclusive were analyzed; those children had no immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis infection using skin tests since their parents refused to have it.Results. It was found out that the major reason for refusing skin tests was the “fear” of visiting a TB dispensary if the result had been positive — 38.43% (n = 229). The latent tuberculosis infection according to the results of T-SPOT.TB among children with concomitant pathology made 2.6%, among healthy children – 0.7%.Conclusion. T-SPOT.TB test may be used as an alternative method for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, should the parent refuse to have skin tests. In children with concomitant pathology, T-SPOT.TB test can serve as a leading method for immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis.The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.

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Comparative evaluation of innovative diagnostic tests for latent and active TВ infection in children

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped5346-50 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 46-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marina Eduardovna Lozovskaya ◽

Vyacheslav Valeryevich Belushkov ◽

Olga Petrovna Gurina ◽

Yelena Borisovna Vasilyeva ◽

Lyudmila Vladimirovna Klochkova

Keyword(s):

Test System ◽

Mantoux Test ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Additional Information ◽

Wide Clinical Application ◽

Latent Tb ◽

Latent Tb Infection ◽

Quantiferon Test

The results of three new tests based on antigens CFP-10 аnd ESAT-6 were studied in 50 children: intradermal Diaskintest and tests in vitro QUANTIFERON and Tubinferon. Diaskintest and Tubinferon are developed and produced in the Russian Federation. QUANTIFERON test is performed by Cellestis (Australia). 20 children had active TB, 22 children had latent TB infection, and 8 were not infected by M. tuberculosis. It has been established that while the frequency of coincidence of the results is high (66 %), in some situations, tests may react differently and give additional information when used together in difficult diagnostic cases. In vitro tests were more sensitive compared with Diaskinintest in immunopathological conditions. Tubinferon test had higher sensitivity in latent TB infection (40.9 %) compared to Diaskintest (22.7 %) and QUANTIFERON test (31,8 %), but lower sensitivity in developed tuberculosis - 60, 80 and 85 % respectively. All three tests are more informative in TB disease than in latent TB infection. An important advantage of the Tubinferon test is the ability to evaluate in vitro postvaccinal allergy, due to presence of the sample with the tuberculin. This can be used in the differential diagnostic between tuberculosis and generalized BCG infection, including children with HIV. Mantoux test may be more effective then Diaskintest in children who was not vaccinated with BCG. Tubinferon test system deserves wide clinical application, further study and development.

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Whole Blood Mycobacterial Growth Assays for Assessing Human Tuberculosis Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.641082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jeroen Bok ◽

Regina W. Hofland ◽

Carlton A. Evans

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Underlying Assumption ◽

Bcg Vaccination ◽

Study Results ◽

Tuberculosis Susceptibility ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Mycobacterial Growth ◽

Tuberculosis Disease

BackgroundWhole blood mycobacterial growth assays (WBMGA) quantify mycobacterial growth in fresh blood samples and may have potential for assessing tuberculosis vaccines and identifying individuals at risk of tuberculosis. We evaluated the evidence for the underlying assumption that in vitro WBMGA results can predict in vivo tuberculosis susceptibility.MethodsA systematic search was done for studies assessing associations between WBMGA results and tuberculosis susceptibility. Meta-analyses were performed for eligible studies by calculating population-weighted averages.ResultsNo studies directly assessed whether WBMGA results predicted tuberculosis susceptibility. 15 studies assessed associations between WBMGA results and proven correlates of tuberculosis susceptibility, which we divided in two categories. Firstly, WBMGA associations with factors believed to reduce tuberculosis susceptibility were statistically significant in all eight studies of: BCG vaccination; vitamin D supplementation; altitude; and HIV-negativity/therapy. Secondly, WBMGA associations with probable correlates of tuberculosis susceptibility were statistically significant in three studies of tuberculosis disease, in a parasitism study and in two of the five studies of latent tuberculosis infection. Meta-analyses for associations between WBMGA results and BCG vaccination, tuberculosis infection, tuberculosis disease and HIV infection revealed consistent effects. There was considerable methodological heterogeneity.ConclusionsThe study results generally showed significant associations between WBMGA results and correlates of tuberculosis susceptibility. However, no study directly assessed whether WBMGA results predicted actual susceptibility to tuberculosis infection or disease. We recommend optimization and standardization of WBMGA methodology and prospective studies to determine whether WBMGA predict susceptibility to tuberculosis disease.

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Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Mineraloid Isolate, in vitro and in Genetically Diabetic Mice

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000048 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 34-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joel Deneau ◽

Taufeeq Ahmed ◽

Roger Blotsky ◽

Krzysztof Bojanowski

Keyword(s):

Dna Microarrays ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Diabetic Animal ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Fossil Material ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Enhanced Expression ◽

Genetically Diabetic Mice

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease mediated through multiple molecular pathways. Here, we report anti-diabetic effect of a standardized isolate from a fossil material - a mineraloid leonardite - in in vitro tests and in genetically diabetic mice. The mineraloid isolate stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and this stimulation correlated with enhanced expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthases and ribosomal protein precursors, as measured by DNA microarrays. In the diabetic animal model, consumption of the Totala isolate resulted in decreased weight gain, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. To our best knowledge, this is the first description ever of a fossil material having anti-diabetic activity in pre-clinical models.

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Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646468 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 66 (05) ◽

pp. 609-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

I R MacGregor ◽

J M Ferguson ◽

L F McLaughlin ◽

T Burnouf ◽

C V Prowse

Keyword(s):

High Purity ◽

Time Course ◽

Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Canine Model ◽

Factor Ix ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

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A Comparison of the in Vitro and in Vivo Thrombogenic Activity of Factor IX Concentrates Using Stasis (Wessler) and Non-Stasis Rabbit Models

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1650089 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 44 (02) ◽

pp. 081-086 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C V Prowse ◽

A E Williams

Keyword(s):

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Factor Ix ◽

Coagulation System ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Low Activity

SummaryThe thrombogenic effects of selected factor IX concentrates were evaluated in two rabbit models; the Wessler stasis model and a novel non-stasis model. Concentrates active in either the NAPTT or TGt50 in vitro tests of potential thrombogenicity, or both, caused thrombus formation in the Wessler technique and activation of the coagulation system in the non-stasis model. A concentrate with low activity in both in vitro tests did not have thrombogenic effects in vivo, at the chosen dose. Results in the non-stasis model suggested that the thrombogenic effects of factor IX concentrates may occur by at least two mechanisms. A concentrate prepared from platelet-rich plasma and a pyrogenic concentrate were also tested and found to have no thrombogenic effect in vivo.These studies justify the use of the NAPTT and TGt50 in vitro tests for the screening of factor IX concentrates prior to clinical use.

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In Vitro Thrombogenicity Tests of Factor IX Concentrates

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657035 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 42 (05) ◽

pp. 1355-1367 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

C V Prowse ◽

A Chirnside ◽

R A Elton

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Generation Time ◽

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽

Factor Ix ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽

Factor Ixa ◽

Viii Inhibitor

SummaryVarious factor IX concentrates have been examined in a number of in vitro tests of thrombogenicity. The results suggest that some tests are superfluous as in concentrates with activity in any of these tests activation is revealed by a combination of the non-activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin (or Xa) generation time and factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity tests. Assay of individual coagulant enzymes revealed that most concentrates contained more factor IXa than Xa. However only a small number of concentrates, chiefly those that had been purposefully activated, contained appreciable amounts of either enzyme.

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Inhibition of Fibrinolysis and Fibrinogenolysis in Man: Comparison of ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Kallikrein Inhibitor

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660337 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 106-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E Beck ◽

R Schmutzler ◽

F Duckert ◽

Keyword(s):

Aminocaproic Acid ◽

Side Reactions ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Factor V ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Strong Inhibitor ◽

Kallikrein Inhibitor ◽

Therapeutic Possibilities

SummaryInhibitor of kallikrein and trypsin (KI) extracted from bovine parotis was compared with ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA): both substances inhibit fibrinolysis induced with streptokinase. EACA is a strong inhibitor of fibrinolysis in concentrations higher than 0, 1 mg per ml plasma. The same amount and higher concentrations are not able to inhibit completely the proteolytic-side reactions of fibrinolysis (fibrinogenolysis, diminution of factor V, rise of fibrin-polymerization-inhibitors). KI inhibits well proteolysis of plasma components in concentrations higher than 2,5 units per ml plasma. Much higher amounts of KI are needed to inhibit fibrinolysis as demonstrated by our in vivo and in vitro tests.Combination of the two substances for clinical use is suggested. Therapeutic possibilities are discussed.

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Thickness of endometrium: predictor of the effectiveness of IVF/ICSI programs (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/2079-5696_20.1.113-116 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 113-116

Author(s):

L A Bagdasaryan ◽

I E Korneyeva

Keyword(s):

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Uterine Cavity ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

The Relationship

The aim of the study is to systematically analyze the data available in the modern literature on the relationship between endometrial thickness and the frequency of pregnancy in the program of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in PubMed on this topic. Results. The article presents data on the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy in ART programs. The greatest number of studies is devoted to the evaluation of the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy on the day of the ovulation trigger. Data are presented on the existence of a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium measured on the day of the ovulation trigger and the frequency of clinical pregnancy, as well as data on the need to evaluate the structure of the endometrium and the state of subendometric blood flow. The importance of multilayered (three-layered) endometrium as a prognostic marker of success in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection programs in the ovum is emphasized. The conclusion. The thickness of the endometrium can not be used as an argument for canceling the cycle or abolishing embryo transfer to the uterine cavity. Further studies in this direction are needed with a study of the morphological and molecular genetic characteristics of the endometrium, which in the future will allow us to evaluate the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the probability of pregnancy.

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Fruit Volatiles to Control Postharvest Rot of Stone Fruits and Pears

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.469a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 469a-469

Author(s):

L.J. Skog ◽

D.P. Murr ◽

B.E. Digweed

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Isoamyl Acetate ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Effective Control ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Stone Fruits ◽

In Situ Tests ◽

Highly Effective ◽

Postharvest Rot

Volatile compounds are ubiquitous in plants, giving fruits their characteristic aroma and flavor. There is increasing evidence that these compounds can protect plants from pathogenic organisms. In this trial ≈25 volatile compounds were tested for efficacy against Monilinia fructicola and Penicillium expansum. Both in vitro tests on agar plugs of actively growing pathogens and in situ tests on inoculated stone fruits and pears were conducted. The volatile compounds were grouped into three categories based upon fungicidal activity in vitro: highly effective (fungicidal concentration ≤100 M), moderately effective (fungicidal concentration between 100–200 M) and ineffective (fungicidal concentration >200 M). Highly effective compounds included: acetaldehyde, citral, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2,exadienal, E-2-hexenal, 4-hexen-3-one, linalool, (E,E)2,4-nonadienal, E-2-nonenal, E-3-none-2-one, salicylaldehyde, and valeraldehyde. Moderately effective compounds included: (E,Z) 2,6-nonadienal, propionaldehyde, terpinene, butyl acetate, E-cinnamaldehde, hexanal, E-2-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and isoamyl acetate. Ineffective compounds included: butyrolactone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate. Effectiveness of the compounds varied with both strain and type of microorganism tested. Concentraions required for effective control were much higher when the compounds were tested on inoculated fruit. Phytotoxicity was a problem with some compounds.

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