scholarly journals Modern medical and organizational features of coronavirus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Vasily I. Orel ◽  
Natalya A. Gureva ◽  
Olga M. Nosireva ◽  
Viktoriya I. Smirnovа ◽  
Tatiana I. Buldakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
World Health ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Director General ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

So far in the history of mankind, the pandemic has been declared only twice. The first was the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 1918-1920, known as the Spanish flu or Spanish. The second is the 2009-2010 H1N1 flu pandemic, referred to in the media as swine flu. At the end of 2019, there was an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 with an epicenter in the peoples Republic of China (PRC) in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province), and since the beginning of 2020, cases of a new coronavirus infection have been recorded in other countries whose citizens visited the PRC. In some territories, such as South Korea, Iran and Italy, the epidemiological situation for COVID-19 has sharply worsened, which subsequently led to a significant increase in the number of cases in the world associated with travel to these countries. In connection with the current epidemiological situation, on March 11, 2020, the Director-General of the world health organization (who), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said at a briefing in Geneva that the spread of the new coronavirus in the world has become a pandemic. According to experts, the new coronavirus infection has a number of features, both epidemiological and clinical. Currently, information about this is quite limited, which makes it difficult to prevent and treat this disease. In our article, we tried to present some aspects of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, referring to data published in open scientific literature sources, and reporting data from two administrative districts of the city of St. Petersburg.

scholarly journals An Uncertain Risk: The World Health Organization's Account of H1N1

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeepa Abeysinghe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
World Health ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
Health Organization

ArgumentScientific uncertainty is fundamental to the management of contemporary global risks. In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the start of the H1N1 Influenza Pandemic. This declaration signified the risk posed by the spread of the H1N1 virus, and in turn precipitated a range of actions by global public health actors. This article analyzes the WHO's public representation of risk and examines the centrality of scientific uncertainty in the case of H1N1. It argues that the WHO's risk narrative reflected the context of scientific uncertainty in which it was working. The WHO argued that it was attempting to remain faithful to the scientific evidence, and the uncertain nature of the threat. However, as a result, the WHO's public risk narrative was neither consistent nor socially robust, leading to the eventual contestation of the WHO's position by other global public health actors, most notably the Council of Europe. This illustrates both the significance of scientific uncertainty in the investigation of risk, and the difficulty for risk managing institutions in effectively acting in the face of this uncertainty.

scholarly journals Scientific Certainty in a Time of Uncertainty: Predicting Vulnerability of Canada's First Nations to Pandemic H1N1/09

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Spence ◽  
Jerry P. White
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

On June 11, 2009, the Director General of the World Health Organization, Dr. Margaret Chan, announced that the scientific evidence indicated that the criteria for an influenza pandemic had been met: pandemic H1N1/09 virus, the first in nearly 40 years, was officially upon us. The World Health Organization has estimated that as many as 2 billion or between 15 and 45 percent of the population globally will be infected by the H1N1/09 virus. Scientists and governments have been careful to walk a line between causing mass public fear and ensuring people take the risks seriously. The latest information indicates that the majority of individuals infected with the H1N1/09 virus thus far have suffered mild illness, although very severe and fatal illness have been observed in a small number of cases, even in young and healthy people (World Health Organization 2009c). There is no evidence to date that the virus has mutated to a more virulent or lethal form; however, as we enter the second wave of the pandemic, a significant number of people in countries across the world are susceptible to infection. Most importantly, certain subgroups have been categorized as high risk given the clinical evidence to date. One of these subgroups is Indigenous populations (World Health Organization 2009c).

CORONOVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19. MASKS (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Semen Kireev ◽  
I. Popov ◽  
A. Ban'kovskiy ◽  
E. Litvinenko ◽  
E. Surova
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Regional Director ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Re-public of China with an epicenter in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province). On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization has assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus - COVID-19 ("Coronavirus disease2019"). On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy gave the official name to the infectious agent - SARS-CoV-2.Since the end of January 2020, cases of COVID-19 have begun to be registered in many coun-tries of the world, mainly associated with travel to the PRC. At the end of February 2020, the epidemiological situation with COVID-19 in South Korea, Iran and Italy sharply worsened, which subsequently led to a significant increase in the number of cases in other countries of the world associated with travel to these countries, incl. and in Russia. The World Health Organiza-tion announced the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020, and the pandemic's challenge to the world will remain so as long as people are not immune to it.The Regional Director of the World Health Organization Takeshi Kasai, on the basis of an epidemiological analysis, reports that the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 in July-August 2020 occurred mainly among people under 50 years old, and they often did not even know about it, because they had mild or no symptoms. In the future, these people then infect older people who are more difficult to tolerate COVID-19. And we need to redouble our efforts to prevent the spread of the virus in vulnerable communities.

Epidemiology of modern coronavirus infection: features and problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Vladimirovich Nechaev ◽  
Yuriy Vladimirovich Lobzin ◽  
Denis Aleksandrovich Gusev ◽  
Yuliya Anatolievna Vasilieva ◽  
Nadezhda Valerievna Vinogradova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The paper presents data on the epidemiological analysis of all cases of coronavirus infection-19 in the world by WHO and Russia regions during the 2020–2021 pandemic and monitoring of diseases registered by WHO in the world and on the Internet resources «Stopcoronavirus» on the territory of the Russian Federation from January 2020 to May 2021. To assess the epidemiological situation, we used registration data in absolute figures from 209 daily and more than 40 weekly reports of the World Health Organization from January 21 to May 30, 2021. Intensive indicators of morbidity and mortality were calculated, which made it possible to identify the regions and countries most affected by coronavirus infection and the features of the epidemic process in them.

scholarly journals Influenza – our constant companion

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Ian G Barr ◽  
Paul W Selleck
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
2009 Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Novel Influenza A

On 11 June 2009, Dr Margaret Chan, the Director-General of the World Health Organization, announced to the world that following the emergence of a novel influenza A virus in late April 2009 and its extensive spread that, ?I have therefore decided to raise the level of influenza pandemic alert from phase 5 to phase 6. The world is now at the start of the 2009 influenza pandemic.? Dr Chan also commented, ?No previous pandemic has been detected so early or watched so closely, in real-time, right at the very beginning. The world can now reap the benefits of investments, over the last five years, in pandemic preparedness.? Also observed was that, ?Globally, we have good reason to believe that this pandemic, at least in its early days, will be of moderate severity?.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and ophthalmology: is conjunctival transmission possible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Alexander Surov ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Lyuft ◽  
Irina Svinareva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection occurred in the people's Republic of China with an epicenter in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province). On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus – COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). As of May 2020, COVID-19 has been confirmed in nearly three and a half million people and has resulted in just over 230.000 deaths. In January 2020, the first case of death of an ophthalmologist from Wuhan Central hospital who was infected from a patient was recorded, which attracted the attention of the medical community around the world, especially in countries at the center of the pandemic. There are scientific papers showing the possibility of infection with the COVID-19 virus through the mucous membrane of the eye, which is relevant for doctors working in a pandemic, especially practicing ophthalmologists and General practitioners.

scholarly journals Four pandemics: lessons learned, lessons lost

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Health Organization

In the past 100 years, the world has faced four distinctly different pandemics: the Spanish flu of 1918-1919, the SARS pandemic of 2003, the H1N1 or “swine flu” pandemic of 2012, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Each public health crisis exposed specific systemic shortfalls and provided public health lessons for future events. The Spanish flu revealed a nursing shortage and led to a great appreciation of nursing as a profession. SARS showed the importance of having frontline clinicians be able to work with regulators and those producing guidelines. H1N1 raised questions about the nature of a global organization such as the World Health Organization in terms of the benefits and potential disadvantages of leading the fight against a long-term global public health threat. In the era of COVID-19, it seems apparent that we are learning about both the blessing and curse of social media.

scholarly journals A PIECEWISE GROWTH MODEL FOR MODELING THE ACCUMULATED NUMBER OF COVID-19 CASES IN THE CITY OF CAMPO GRANDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Erlandson Ferreira SARAIVA ◽  
Leandro SAUER ◽  
Basílio De Bragança PEREIRA ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Bragança PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Health Department ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mathematical Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

In December of 2019, a new coronavirus was discovered in the city of Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization officially named this coronavirus as COVID-19. Since its discovery, the virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently one of the main health problems, causing an enormous social and economic burden. Due to this, there is a great interest in mathematical models capable of projecting the evolution of the disease in countries, states and/or cities. This interest is mainly due to the fact that the projections may help the government agents in making decisions in relation to the prevention of the disease. By using this argument, the health department of the city (HDC) of Campo Grande asked the UFMS for the development of a mathematical study to project the evolution of the disease in the city. In this paper, we describe a modeling procedure used to fit a piecewise growth model for the accumulated number of cases recorded in the city. From the fitted model, we estimate the date in which the pandemic peak is reached and project the number of patients who will need treatment in intensive care units. Weekly, was sent to HDC a technical report describing the main results.

Developing Medicines in Line with Global Public Health Needs: The Role of the World Health Organization

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIKKI PANG
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

“I want my leadership to be judged by the impact of our work on the health of two populations: women and the people of Africa.” This is how Dr. Margaret Chan, the current Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), described her leadership mission. The reason behind this mission is evident. Women and girls constitute 70% of the world’s poor and 80% of the world’s refugees. Gender violence against women aged 15–44 is responsible for more deaths and disability than cancer, malaria, traffic accidents, and war. An estimated 350,000 to 500,000 women still die in childbirth every year. The negative health implications of absolute poverty are worst in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Hence, Chan aims to have the biggest impact on the world’s poorest people.

The Reaction to the Ebola Epidemic within the United Nations Framework: What Next for the World Health Organization?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-424
Author(s):  
Pia Acconci
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Security Council ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (who) was established in 1946 as a specialized agency of the United Nations (un). Since its establishment, the who has managed outbreaks of infectious diseases from a regulatory, as well as an operational perspective. The adoption of the International Health Regulations (ihrs) has been an important achievement from the former perspective. When the Ebola epidemic intensified in 2014, the who Director General issued temporary recommendations under the ihrs in order to reduce the spread of the disease and minimize cross-border barriers to international trade. The un Secretary General and then the Security Council and the General Assembly have also taken action against the Ebola epidemic. In particular, the Security Council adopted a resolution under Chapter vii of the un Charter, and thus connected the maintenance of the international peace and security to the health and social emergency. After dealing with the role of the who as a guide and coordinator of the reaction to epidemics, this article shows how the action by the Security Council against the Ebola epidemic impacts on the who ‘authority’ for the protection of health.

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