scholarly journals THE EARLY NEOLITHIC OF THE UPPER DON

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Roman Victorovich Smolyaninov ◽  
Aleksey Vladimirovich Surkov
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
River Region ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neolithic Cultures ◽  
Main Distinguishing Feature

Traditionally the Early Neolithic of the Upper Don was associated the Middle Don culture (Sinyuk, 1986), but recent researches of the following sites - Karamyshevo 5, 9; Vasilyevsky Kordon 5, 7; Ivnitsa etc. have afforded ground for attributing the Early Neolithic of the Upper Don to Karamyshevo culture. This article analyzes the finds of Karamyshevo culture from 26 sites located in the basin of the Voronezh river. Those collections have all the grounds to be included into Early Neolithic antiquities as they have gone through radiocarbon dating and their chronological position correlates with the data of Elshan, Upper Volga and other Early Neolithic Cultures. In terms of location some Karamyshevo sites can be singled out: - in the Upper Voronezh region near the settlements of Preobrazhenovka and Dobroye in Lipetsk region in the right-bank flood plain of the river on the buttes of terraces above the flood-plain and leveed banks (Vasilyevsky Kordon 3, 5, 7, 25, Ratchino 22, Dobroye 1, Studenovka 3); - in the Middle Voronezh region round Lipetsk and near the settlement of Karamyshevo in Lipetsk region in the flood plain of the river on the buttes of terraces above the flood-plain (Lipetskoye Ozero, Shlyuz, Gudovsky Kordon, Krasny Bugor, Karamyshevo 1, 5, 9, 19 etc.) - in the Lower river region on the border of Lipetsk and Voronezh regions in the left-bank flood plain of the Voronezh river on the buttes of terraces above the flood-plain (Savitskoye 1, Kurino 1, Ivnitsa, Stupino) The sites of Karamyshevo culture show some typical features which are characteristic of the Upper Don region - few stone implements, so the main distinguishing feature of those antiquities is pottery according to its finish and decoration. This pottery has lumpy paste which visually consists of natural inclusions or chamotte in rare cases. More recent pottery finds have sanded paste without visible inclusions which is similar to that of the Middle Don culture. According to the method of finishing the pottery is divided into two groups: thouroughly smoothed and burnished on the outer surface pottery and smoothed one with scratches which seems to be a definite chronological marker. According to their shape the vessels are divided into straight-walled and biconical with a straight or shaped rim and mainly with a pointed bottom. The larger part of Karamyshevo pottery is plain. So among 500 pottery finds from Ivnitsa site 62% of those materials is plain, about 20% is decorated with oval, triangle and paired strokes, 11% is decorated with a short-pitch stamp, 21 finds have thin and shallow lines on the surface and 10 finds are decorated with pits. Here we can speak about a relatively early stage of the site as later sites (Karamyshevo 9, Vasilyevsky Kordon 7) have more decorated pottery. The appearance of pit-like and comb decorations is connected with the final stage of this culture. For dating of Karamyshevo culture we have the dates of the beginning of the Vth century B.C. - the first half of the IVth century B.C. (ВР). On the basis of the above-stated data we can come to a conclusion that at the end of the IVth century B.C. the first pottery complexes appeared in the forest-steppe and forest zones of Eastern Europe and they had a number of common features which specifically formed the basis of local cultures that we single out today and which existed in the Vth century B.C. Such cultures include Karamyshevo culture which sites might have dated back to the first half of the IVth century B.C.

scholarly journals VIII C. BC - II C. AD DISPERSION OF FINNO-PERMS IN MIDDLE KAMA RIVER REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-323
Author(s):  
Rimma Dmitrievna Goldina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Middle Reach ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
River Region ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Eastern Periphery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Burial Grounds

In the II c. BC - II c. AD the south-eastern periphery of the Perm world (Sredneye Prikamye) was inhabited by ancestors of southern Udmurts who left monuments of the Tarasovo (former Cheganda, Pyany Bor) and Kara-Abyz cultures. They are represented by ancient fortified and non-fortified settlements, burial grounds, finds, and hoards. Both cultures are Ananyino-based (VIII-III c. BC, 204 monuments). It is known about 382 monuments of the Tarasovo culture, 258 out of them are located on the left bank, and 124 - on the right. The Kara-Abyz culture (IV c. BC - IV c. AD, 61 monuments) is two-component; it consists of the Ananyino and alien Gafuriyskaia cultures and is located on the left bank of the Belaya River middle reach: from the Bir River junction to the Usolka River junction. In the III - first half of the IV c. AD the Kara-Abyz people was assimilated with alien Ubalary-Imendiashevskii groups. By the turn of the II-III c. AD due to the contacts with forest-steppe and steppe tribes, the Perm population of the Tarasovo culture translocated to the Belaya right bank and Udmurt Prikamye remote areas.

scholarly journals USE OF FOREST SITE CAPACITY BY FORESTS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Tkach ◽  
O. V. Kobets ◽  
M. G. Rumiantsev
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Oak

The forest site capacity using was quantitatively assessed for the stands of the main forest-forming species of Ukraine, Scots pine and common oak, taking into account natural zones and forest types. The tables of productivity of modal and highly productive pine and oak stands have been developed. It has been found that the stands use an average of 50–75 % of the forest site capacity of lands. The average weighted value of the capacity used by pine forests was 68–76 % in the Polissya zone, 70–78 % and 68–73 % in the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively, and 54–78 % in the Steppe zone. For oak stands, the value was 71–75 % and 63–71 % for the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively and 65–75 % for the Steppe zone. The basis for increasing the productivity of forests was confirmed to be the differentiation of forest management systems and individual forestry activities on a zonal and typological basis.

Investigations Into the Monuments of the Scythian Period From the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe (1980-1990)

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
S.A. Skoryj
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
The Right

AbstractExcavations on the right bank of the Dnieper have focused on the basins of the Tyasmin and Ross' rivers in the Kiev and Cherkassy regions. Here there has been intensive excavation of burial mounds (complexes at Tsvetkovo/Zhabotin/Flyarkovo, Lisovichi/Petrovskoe, Ivanovka/Stanislavchik/Ksaverovo/Yasnogore'e, Medvin), less intensive investigation of settlements (Mlynok, Kanev, Matroninskoe). On the left bank of the Dnieper research has concentrated on the Vorskla basin (Poltava region) and in the Cherkassy region. Here settlements (e.g. Bel'skoe/Helon) have received more attention than burials (e.g. at Gladkovshchina).

scholarly journals Spatial differentiation of land mollusc fauna in plain territories of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-80
Author(s):  
Nina Gural-Sverlova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Autochthonous Species ◽  
Land Molluscs

The taxonomic and ecological composition of the autochthonous land mollusc fauna in different parts of the plain Ukraine was analyzed on the basis of the personal data, collection materials of the State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine in Lviv as well as numerous literature sources. Excluding representatives of the genus Helicopsis, the taxonomy and species composition of which in the territory of Ukraine still require clarification, and the steppe part of the Crimean peninsula, in four landscape zones of Ukraine, currently, a total of 109 species of land molluscs, which are autochthonous for at least part of the analyzed territory, are registered. The maximum species diversity (103 species and 2 representatives of the genus Helicopsis) is recorded in the zone of deciduous forests, followed by the right-bank part of the forest-steppe zone. The smallest number of the autochthonous species of land molluscs was noted for the right-bank part of the steppe zone. Within the Ukrainian Polesie and the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the taxonomic diversity of land molluscs decreases from west to east. The number of the registered autochthonous species decreases, respectively, by 1.5 and 1.7 times, and the generic diversity by 1.3 and 1.5 times. In the steppe zone, the main centre of the species diversity is the Donetsk Upland, located in the east of the country. In taxonomic and ecological composition, land mollusc complexes of the right-bank part of the forest-steppe zone are closer to the zone of deciduous forests, in its left-bank part – to the left-bank steppe. In general, the spatial differentiation of land mollusc fauna in the plain territories of Ukraine is more strongly associated not with the boundaries of landscaped zones, but with the location of these territories with respect to the Dnieper bed and with some uplands, where the species diversity of land molluscs of the zone of deciduous forests and forest-steppe zone (Podolian Upland) and the steppe zone (Donetsk Upland) is concentrated.

scholarly journals Early Neolithic stone industry of the Upper Don

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Roman Viktorovich Smolyaninov ◽  
Elizaveta Sergeevna Yurkina
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Neolithic Cultures

Features of the flood plain settlements of the river Don watershed and its tributaries is the fact that almost all of them are multi-layered. Until recently it was not possible to talk about the Early Neolithic stone industry of the Upper Don. All conclusions about Early Neolithic material culture in this territory were done by A.T. Sinyuk, based on the Middle-Don site. He described tool industry as blade technique. The paper mentions the most important sites and gives a review of Early Neolithic stone industry of the Upper Don. Nowadays there are materials of the 4 Early Neolithic cultures on the Upper Don territory: Middle-Don (72 sites), Karamyshevo (26 sites), Upper-Volga (4 sites) and Elshanskaya (4 sites) cultures. The earliest materials in the research area date VI mill. cal BC. The data on the stone industries of the Elshanskaya and Upper-Volga cultures in the Upper Don are absent. There are stone collections, which could be connected only with the Middle-Don and Karamyshevo Early Neolithic cultures. This industry could be described as flake technique.

LANDSCAPE STUDY OF CHEBOKSARY AND KUYBYSHEV RESERVOIRS COASTS FOR RECREATIONAL USING

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gumenyuk ◽  
Anna Gumenyuk ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Inna Nikonorova
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
The Right

The plot of study is Cheboksary and its suburbans and located on the joint of two landscape zones: a forest zone and a forest-steppe zone. The border between the zones goes along the Volga River, which establishes favourable environment for recreation. There has been observed slope type of areas on the right bank of the Volga River of the Cheboksary and Kuybyshev Reservoir. It has 3º and more incline, with washed-off soil and broadleaved woodland (relict mountainous oak woods), subjected to considerable land-clearing. In the immediate bank zone of the Volga River, where abrasive-soil-slipping and abrasive-talus processes mostly develop, the main types of natural areas have been marked out: 1) Abrasive landslide cliffs at the original slopes of Volga Valley of 60º steepness, more than 15 m high, with permanent watering as a result of underground waters leakage; 2) Abrasive cliffs of terraces above flood-plains of 2 m high; 3) Abrasive cliffs of original slope of the valley of the river Volga of 2 m high, with distinctive abrasive niches in the lower part of the slope or temporary concentration of caving demolishing material. Left coast is lowland plain, the part of taiga landscape zone. Low terraces above flood plain of Volga are formed by sand with loam layers, with sod-podzol sandy and sandy loam soil in combination with marshy soil, with fir-pine forest, with from lichen bogs to sphagnum bog; in lowlands, on old felling plots, on abandoned peat mines deciduous forests with mostly birches and aspens prevail.

scholarly journals Distribution of Iris pineticola Klokov in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
S. L. Zhygalova
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
The North ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Right

According to our own observations, herbarium materials and literature data, the distribution of Iris pineti- cola Klokov — an endemic forest-steppe species included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine in the status of “vulnerable” was analyzed. Data on its taxonomic status are given, distribution map is made (geographical coordinates are restored on the basis of materials of the National Herbarium of Ukraine (KW), herbarium of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (CWU), as well as literature data), range and population data are analyzed. It is established that I. pineticola is distributed in the Right-Bank and Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, occasionally entering the north part of the steppe and the valley of the Siversky Donets. Grows in forests, artificial pine plantations on sandy terraces of rivers. According to own data and analyzed literature, I. pineticola populations are stable. In addition to inclusion in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, at the regional level I. pineticola is protected in Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine, also protected in the territories of NPP “Holy Mountains” and landscape reserve of national importance “Red Coast”.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF THE EXPLORATION OF A SMALL WATCH FORTRESS OF THE SCYTHIAN ERA

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Yu. D. Razuvaev ◽  
A. N. Merkulov ◽  
Yu. A. Neretina
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Burnt Soil ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article presents the results of the first studies of the defensive line of the hillfort located on the cape of the right bank of the river Don near the village 1st Storozhevoe in the Voronezh region. On a plot of 124 sq. m, a rampart, a moat and the adjacent territory were researched. Ceramic fragments were discovered that remained from an unfortified settlement of the Bronze Age. In the embankment of the rampart, four Sarmatian burials of the 1st - 2nd centuries AD were discovered. The fortifications themselves, according to the characteristic ceramic materialls of the beginning of the Scythian era, are dated to the second half of the 6th - beginning of the 5th centuries BC. At an early stage, they apparently consisted of a ground structure that had a defensive and residential purpose. At some distance from the building, there was also an outer wall. These structures are traced along three parallel grooves deepened into the clay. After the fire destroyed the structure, a rampart and a moat were erected in the settlement. In its present state, the embankment of the rampart has a width of about 6 m at the base, and a height above the mainland - more than 0.7 m. It consists mainly of dark gray loam, including lumps of red clay and burnt soil. The moat, now almost completely flooded by ground, is 1.5-1.9 m wide and up to 0.8 m deep.

scholarly journals Traces of Mahanjar culture in the forest-steppe Tobol region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Social Ties ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The North ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Cultural Genesis ◽  
Neolithic Cultures

The paper summarizes all currently known source data on the Neolithic Mahanjar culture in the forest-steppe Tobol region. Both scattered archival data - materials from Ubagan 2,3,5, Ust-Suerka 4 and several others - and the results of new archaeological works on such settlements as Kochegarovo 1 and Tashkovo 1 are published, which allows a significant expansion of the periphery of the Mahanjar culture to the north boundaries of the forest-steppe zone of the Tobol region. The western boundary of the periphery requires further work. The author traced geographical dependence in the distribution of materials in the composition of monuments with other Neolithic cultures. Based on the available absolute dates and the fixation of some facts of ceramics stratification, conclusions are drawn about the coexistence of Mahanjar complexes in the Tobol region with carriers of early Neolithic - Kozlovskaya and Koshkinskaya - and Late Neolithic - Poludenskaya and Boborykinskaya ceramic traditions from the end of early Neolithic to the mid of late Neolithic. It is assumed that the spread of the Mahanjar culture in the forest-steppe zone proceeded by including its carriers among the local inhabitants through social ties. The inclusion of the Mahanjar antiquities of the forest-steppe Tobol region in the corpus of sources allows us to expand our understanding of cultural genesis and migrations at the end of the early Neolithic.

scholarly journals NEWLY DISCOVERED CATACOMB BURIAL OF THE 8-9TH CENTURIES IN THE TERRITORY OF CHECHNYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002-1015
Author(s):  
Azamat U. Ahmarov ◽  
Viktor S. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Side Wall ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Steep Slope ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Right ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Village ◽  
Grave Goods

The paper introduces material of two catacomb burials, discovered and investigated by the researchers of the Center for Archeological Research at the Institute of Humanitarian studies of Chechen Academy of Sciences during the archeological reconnaissance in the territory of Shali region of the Chechen Republic, on the land of one of the homeowners of the village Serjen-Yurt. The burial is located at the border of the Chechen plains and Cherny mountains, at their very foot, on a steep slope of the ridge, in the place of its transition into a flat terrace above flood-plain of the left bank of the river Khulkhulau. Remnants of three people (a man, a woman and a child) were revealed in the catacomb №1. In anatomical order, only the woman’s skeleton was found, while the bones of the other two buried were placed at the right side wall of the burial chamber. The woman’s grave goods included earrings, a neck ring (torc), bracelets, glass and cornelian beads, a “horned” buckle, etc. In an almost collapsed burial chamber № 2 remnants of a woman were found, the skeleton of which was purposefully destroyed. Among the remnants of the skeleton were her personal belongings: glass and cornelian beads, bracelets, a “horned” buckle, a pendant, bronze badges. According to the grave goods, the burials can be dated 8th – early 9th centuries. A feature of the investigated burial structures is that the long axis of the chambers was a continuation of the long axis of the entrance pit, while catacombs of the T-type were characteristic for the Alanian population of the North Caucasus of the 6th – 13th centuries.

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