scholarly journals VIII C. BC - II C. AD DISPERSION OF FINNO-PERMS IN MIDDLE KAMA RIVER REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-323
Author(s):  
Rimma Dmitrievna Goldina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Middle Reach ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
River Region ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Eastern Periphery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Burial Grounds

In the II c. BC - II c. AD the south-eastern periphery of the Perm world (Sredneye Prikamye) was inhabited by ancestors of southern Udmurts who left monuments of the Tarasovo (former Cheganda, Pyany Bor) and Kara-Abyz cultures. They are represented by ancient fortified and non-fortified settlements, burial grounds, finds, and hoards. Both cultures are Ananyino-based (VIII-III c. BC, 204 monuments). It is known about 382 monuments of the Tarasovo culture, 258 out of them are located on the left bank, and 124 - on the right. The Kara-Abyz culture (IV c. BC - IV c. AD, 61 monuments) is two-component; it consists of the Ananyino and alien Gafuriyskaia cultures and is located on the left bank of the Belaya River middle reach: from the Bir River junction to the Usolka River junction. In the III - first half of the IV c. AD the Kara-Abyz people was assimilated with alien Ubalary-Imendiashevskii groups. By the turn of the II-III c. AD due to the contacts with forest-steppe and steppe tribes, the Perm population of the Tarasovo culture translocated to the Belaya right bank and Udmurt Prikamye remote areas.

scholarly journals THE EARLY NEOLITHIC OF THE UPPER DON

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Roman Victorovich Smolyaninov ◽  
Aleksey Vladimirovich Surkov
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
River Region ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neolithic Cultures ◽  
Main Distinguishing Feature

Traditionally the Early Neolithic of the Upper Don was associated the Middle Don culture (Sinyuk, 1986), but recent researches of the following sites - Karamyshevo 5, 9; Vasilyevsky Kordon 5, 7; Ivnitsa etc. have afforded ground for attributing the Early Neolithic of the Upper Don to Karamyshevo culture. This article analyzes the finds of Karamyshevo culture from 26 sites located in the basin of the Voronezh river. Those collections have all the grounds to be included into Early Neolithic antiquities as they have gone through radiocarbon dating and their chronological position correlates with the data of Elshan, Upper Volga and other Early Neolithic Cultures. In terms of location some Karamyshevo sites can be singled out: - in the Upper Voronezh region near the settlements of Preobrazhenovka and Dobroye in Lipetsk region in the right-bank flood plain of the river on the buttes of terraces above the flood-plain and leveed banks (Vasilyevsky Kordon 3, 5, 7, 25, Ratchino 22, Dobroye 1, Studenovka 3); - in the Middle Voronezh region round Lipetsk and near the settlement of Karamyshevo in Lipetsk region in the flood plain of the river on the buttes of terraces above the flood-plain (Lipetskoye Ozero, Shlyuz, Gudovsky Kordon, Krasny Bugor, Karamyshevo 1, 5, 9, 19 etc.) - in the Lower river region on the border of Lipetsk and Voronezh regions in the left-bank flood plain of the Voronezh river on the buttes of terraces above the flood-plain (Savitskoye 1, Kurino 1, Ivnitsa, Stupino) The sites of Karamyshevo culture show some typical features which are characteristic of the Upper Don region - few stone implements, so the main distinguishing feature of those antiquities is pottery according to its finish and decoration. This pottery has lumpy paste which visually consists of natural inclusions or chamotte in rare cases. More recent pottery finds have sanded paste without visible inclusions which is similar to that of the Middle Don culture. According to the method of finishing the pottery is divided into two groups: thouroughly smoothed and burnished on the outer surface pottery and smoothed one with scratches which seems to be a definite chronological marker. According to their shape the vessels are divided into straight-walled and biconical with a straight or shaped rim and mainly with a pointed bottom. The larger part of Karamyshevo pottery is plain. So among 500 pottery finds from Ivnitsa site 62% of those materials is plain, about 20% is decorated with oval, triangle and paired strokes, 11% is decorated with a short-pitch stamp, 21 finds have thin and shallow lines on the surface and 10 finds are decorated with pits. Here we can speak about a relatively early stage of the site as later sites (Karamyshevo 9, Vasilyevsky Kordon 7) have more decorated pottery. The appearance of pit-like and comb decorations is connected with the final stage of this culture. For dating of Karamyshevo culture we have the dates of the beginning of the Vth century B.C. - the first half of the IVth century B.C. (ВР). On the basis of the above-stated data we can come to a conclusion that at the end of the IVth century B.C. the first pottery complexes appeared in the forest-steppe and forest zones of Eastern Europe and they had a number of common features which specifically formed the basis of local cultures that we single out today and which existed in the Vth century B.C. Such cultures include Karamyshevo culture which sites might have dated back to the first half of the IVth century B.C.

scholarly journals USE OF FOREST SITE CAPACITY BY FORESTS OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Tkach ◽  
O. V. Kobets ◽  
M. G. Rumiantsev
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Oak

The forest site capacity using was quantitatively assessed for the stands of the main forest-forming species of Ukraine, Scots pine and common oak, taking into account natural zones and forest types. The tables of productivity of modal and highly productive pine and oak stands have been developed. It has been found that the stands use an average of 50–75 % of the forest site capacity of lands. The average weighted value of the capacity used by pine forests was 68–76 % in the Polissya zone, 70–78 % and 68–73 % in the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively, and 54–78 % in the Steppe zone. For oak stands, the value was 71–75 % and 63–71 % for the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively and 65–75 % for the Steppe zone. The basis for increasing the productivity of forests was confirmed to be the differentiation of forest management systems and individual forestry activities on a zonal and typological basis.

Investigations Into the Monuments of the Scythian Period From the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe (1980-1990)

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
S.A. Skoryj
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
The Right

AbstractExcavations on the right bank of the Dnieper have focused on the basins of the Tyasmin and Ross' rivers in the Kiev and Cherkassy regions. Here there has been intensive excavation of burial mounds (complexes at Tsvetkovo/Zhabotin/Flyarkovo, Lisovichi/Petrovskoe, Ivanovka/Stanislavchik/Ksaverovo/Yasnogore'e, Medvin), less intensive investigation of settlements (Mlynok, Kanev, Matroninskoe). On the left bank of the Dnieper research has concentrated on the Vorskla basin (Poltava region) and in the Cherkassy region. Here settlements (e.g. Bel'skoe/Helon) have received more attention than burials (e.g. at Gladkovshchina).

scholarly journals Spatial differentiation of land mollusc fauna in plain territories of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-80
Author(s):  
Nina Gural-Sverlova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Autochthonous Species ◽  
Land Molluscs

The taxonomic and ecological composition of the autochthonous land mollusc fauna in different parts of the plain Ukraine was analyzed on the basis of the personal data, collection materials of the State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine in Lviv as well as numerous literature sources. Excluding representatives of the genus Helicopsis, the taxonomy and species composition of which in the territory of Ukraine still require clarification, and the steppe part of the Crimean peninsula, in four landscape zones of Ukraine, currently, a total of 109 species of land molluscs, which are autochthonous for at least part of the analyzed territory, are registered. The maximum species diversity (103 species and 2 representatives of the genus Helicopsis) is recorded in the zone of deciduous forests, followed by the right-bank part of the forest-steppe zone. The smallest number of the autochthonous species of land molluscs was noted for the right-bank part of the steppe zone. Within the Ukrainian Polesie and the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, the taxonomic diversity of land molluscs decreases from west to east. The number of the registered autochthonous species decreases, respectively, by 1.5 and 1.7 times, and the generic diversity by 1.3 and 1.5 times. In the steppe zone, the main centre of the species diversity is the Donetsk Upland, located in the east of the country. In taxonomic and ecological composition, land mollusc complexes of the right-bank part of the forest-steppe zone are closer to the zone of deciduous forests, in its left-bank part – to the left-bank steppe. In general, the spatial differentiation of land mollusc fauna in the plain territories of Ukraine is more strongly associated not with the boundaries of landscaped zones, but with the location of these territories with respect to the Dnieper bed and with some uplands, where the species diversity of land molluscs of the zone of deciduous forests and forest-steppe zone (Podolian Upland) and the steppe zone (Donetsk Upland) is concentrated.

scholarly journals Distribution of Iris pineticola Klokov in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
S. L. Zhygalova
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
The North ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Right

According to our own observations, herbarium materials and literature data, the distribution of Iris pineti- cola Klokov — an endemic forest-steppe species included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine in the status of “vulnerable” was analyzed. Data on its taxonomic status are given, distribution map is made (geographical coordinates are restored on the basis of materials of the National Herbarium of Ukraine (KW), herbarium of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (CWU), as well as literature data), range and population data are analyzed. It is established that I. pineticola is distributed in the Right-Bank and Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, occasionally entering the north part of the steppe and the valley of the Siversky Donets. Grows in forests, artificial pine plantations on sandy terraces of rivers. According to own data and analyzed literature, I. pineticola populations are stable. In addition to inclusion in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, at the regional level I. pineticola is protected in Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine, also protected in the territories of NPP “Holy Mountains” and landscape reserve of national importance “Red Coast”.

scholarly journals Dental characteristics of the Scythian time population of the Forest-Steppe Altai

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-186
Author(s):  
N.A. Leibova ◽  
S.S. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
River Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burial Grounds

Materials from the analysed sites of the Staroaleyka and Kamen Cultures in the Forest-Steppe Altai (South-ern Siberia) are dated to the 6th–2nd c. BC. The aim of this study is to introduce the dental data for the Staroaleyka and Kamen Cultures into scientific discourse, to identify and analyse intergroup variability within both communi-ties, their origin and genesis, and the direction of their relations with the Bronze and Early Iron Age populations. Materials of the Staroaleyka Culture are represented by a series from three burial grounds: Firsovo-14, Tu-zovskiye Bugry and Obskiye Plesy 2, dated to the 6th–5th c. BC. The Kamen Culture series from the Forest-Steppe Altai has been collected from six burial grounds: Rogozikha-1 (6th–4th c. BC), Obyezdnoye-1 (5th–4th c. BC), Kamen-2 and Kirillovka-3 (5th–3rd c. BC), Novotroitskoye 1 and 2 (5th–3rd c. BC), Maslyakha-1 (3rd–2nd c. BC). In total, 402 individuals were examined using the Odontological program. The analysed craniological series are stored in the TSU (Tomsk) Cabinet of Anthropology and the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of Altai of AltSU (Barnaul). As comparative data, published Bronze and Early Iron Age series from Western, Southern and south of Eastern Siberia, southern Trans-Urals, Aral Sea Region, Central and Western Kazakhstan were used. Study methods: 25 odontoscopic and odontoglyphic features were recorded. Ten key characteristics, which have comparative data in literature, were discussed. The evaluation of the traits and their further analysis were carried out according to the methodology of A.A. Zubov. The construction of circular polygons and calculation of the av-erage taxonomic distances were carried out in the GROUP COMPARISON program (author — Olga M. Leybova), designed for processing of dental data. Intergroup variability was assessed through correspondence analysis in the STATISTICA 8 software. For the first time, dental data for the Staroaleyka Culture population have been re-ceived, and data for Kamen Culture has been significantly extended. Despite the territorial and chronological proximity of the Staroaleyka Culture series, it has been established that they belong to two different odontological variants. Odontological data does not exclude the presence of the «Ural» component in their morphological com-plex. The analysed samples of the Kamen Culture, with the exception of those from Rogoziha-1, appear to repre-sent the Western odontological branch with different proportions of the eastern component in the series. In the morphocomplexes of the groups from the Obyezdnoye-1 and Kamen-2 burials, traits of an undifferentiated gracile type have been identified. The burial complexes of Novotroitskoye 1 and 2 and Maslyakha-1 were left by anthro-pologically uniform population representing a maturized odontological variant. Similarly to the craniological data, a fairly wide range of contacts has been established for the population of the Kamen Culture, including the early nomads of the Southern Urals, Western Kazakhstan, south-western and eastern Aral Sea region on the one hand, and Tuva and the Minusinsk Basin on another. Unlike craniological studies, odontological data does not suggest any proximity to the synchronous Pazyryk population of the Altai Mountains. Significant differences have also been revealed with the Kamen Culture population of the Ob River region near Novosibirsk.

scholarly journals Late Sarmatian Army Burials of the Berezovsky Barrow Burial Ground in the Middle Don

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Valeriy Berezutskiy
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Chronological Time ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Introduction. The relevant objective of the research of the Sarmatians in the Don forest-steppe zone is the study of the Late Sarmatian period. It is aggravated both by the lack of the available material and by the absence of Late Sarmatian period burial grounds up until recent years. The excavations of Late Sarmatian grave mounds near Berezovka village in the left bank area of the Middle Don provide the opportunity to challenge the lack of knowledge concerning this period of the Sarmatian history. Methods. The method of analogy dating, the typological and anthropological methods were applied while working on the burial samples of the Late Sarmatian culture found in Berezovka proximity. Analysis. The analyzed objects are two Late Sarmatian burials hidden under the separate grave mounds in the riverside graves. One of them belongs to a 18–20-year-old woman, the other one is associated with a 25–30-year-old man. The burial materials can be dated back to the middle or the second half of the 2nd century AD. Results. The assigning of the considered burials to the Late Sarmatian culture of the middle or the second half of the 2nd century AD sets up possible connection between these grave mounds and the graves preceding the Hunnic invasion (grave mounds 8 and 9 in Berezovka burial sites). The chronological time interval between them is approximately 150 years. Allegedly, the study of the new grave mounds can replenish the chronological void.

scholarly journals Craniological sources on the problem of ethnogenesis of the Narym Selkups

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
A.N. Bagashev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Sampling Series ◽  
River Region ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Vast Territory

The Narym Selkups are an indigenous population of the Middle Ob River region speaking various dialects of the Selkup language related to the South-Samodian branch of the Ural language family. In the course of the study of Medieval and relatively recent burial grounds in the territory of the Narym Ob area of Tomsk Oblast, considerable amount of craniological material has been collected, which constitutes an important historical source for solving general problems of their origins. According to the archaeological and ethnographic materials, the Medieval burials were left by direct ascendants of modern Narym Selkups, whereas the materials from the later burial grounds are directly associated with their specific local-dialect groups. This paper is aimed to introduce into scien-tific discourse virtually all craniological materials known today from the burial grounds left by the Narym Selkups, and, on the basis of the results of group cross-correlation, to identify trends of the territorial variability of the whole community. Significant increase of new finds from the vast territory of the Middle Ob region, population-driven approach to the data analysis and development of the craniometric technique warranted re-grouping of the finds by the territorial principle and their repeated measurement and analysis. In view of the current problem, all cranio-logical materials were grouped into ten sampling series, five of which are published for the first time (the burial ground of Ostyatskaya Gora and four combined craniological series from the burial grounds of Lower Chulym, Narym Ob, Upper Ket, and the Tym and Vasyugan rivers). Analysis of the variability of the series from the Narym Ob region in chronological and geographical bands showed their weak variability in space and time. Therefore, prior to the Russian colonization of Siberia, this region of the Middle Ob area was not invaded by considerably large groups of people of different anthropological appearance. All studied craniological series were samples from the single unity. Although the territorial variability of the anthropological features within the groups of the Narym Selkups is not large, in some cases an influence of territorially closest neighbours on the anthropological structures of particular Selkup populations can be discerned. It appeared that the southern groups exhibit resemblance with their territorially closest Turkic populations of the Chulym and Lower Tom regions, while in the composition of other Narym groups, there have been identified an admixture of the component genetically related to the Turkic populations of the Western-Siberian forest-steppe — Barabino and Tobol-Irtysh Tatars, and, although being very weak, an influence of the Ob Ugric populations can be discerned.

scholarly journals Two Sites of Pyany Bor Culture on the Islands of Nizhnekamsk Reservoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 93-113
Author(s):  
Ruzil R. Sattarov ◽  
◽  
Dmitriy G. Bugrov ◽  
Anton V. Lyganov ◽  
Nikolai M. Kaplenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
The West ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Region Ii ◽  
Made In ◽  
Residual Hill

The paper introduces into scientific discourse the materials of two burial grounds of the Pyany Bor culture – Toiguzino Island and Kulushevo Island III – studied in 1995–2009 on the islands of Nizhnekamsk Reservoir in the Tukay District of the Republic of Tatarstan. Befor filling of the Reservoir, Toiguzino Island burial ground was located on the residual hill of the second terrace in the floodplain of the right bank of the Ik river, and Kulushevo Island III burial ground – on the elevation of the second terrace of the left bank of the Ik river to the west of the former Toiguzino village. Both burial grounds have provided finds with characteristic artefacts of the Pyany Bor culture; rescue excavations were performed at Kulushevo Island III burial ground in 1999. Three burials were examined in one of the two tranches (tranch II). These were the inhumations made in a row of shallow sub-rectangular pits. Two of the corpses were oriented to the east-southeast, another one (grave 1) – to the west-northwest. Only this burial contained a preserved inventory. The consist and conditions of the finds from both burial grounds (generally, finds collected on the surface) does not allow for narrower dating than the first centuries AD. The burial grounds are located at the junction of two micro regions (I and II according to D. G. Bugrov) in terms of the settlement structure of Pyany Bor culture in the Lower Ik region. Kulushevo Island III burial ground can possibility be attributed to micro region II (Toiguzino).

scholarly journals BURIALS OF THE AMAZONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE DNIEPER REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ye. Fialko
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In ◽  
Two Age Groups

The burials of armed women of the territory of forest-steppe Dnieper region of the Scythian Age are analysed in the paper. The presented series consists of 27 complexes which are located on the territory of the Forest-steppe region of the Right Bank of the Dnieper (21), Left Bank territories (3) and Terrace Forest-Steppe (3). 14 graves (half of the total number) had been robbed which makes the reliability and informational content of this sample quite suitable for research. The burials of the Amazons of this region were made in a kurgan except for one (ground or flat grave). The height of the mounds varies from 0.2 to 7.6 m, diameter — from 8.7 to 63 m. Only three graves in the group were inserted to the mound. The graves are represented by five types. Three types of the pits prevail (81.5 %), two variants of the catacombs are also presented (two and three respectively). The wide use of wood is one of the features of the structure of funerary complexes of the Forest-Steppe Amazons. Thus, the burial structures correspond to the Scythian traditions but have certain local specifics. All burials are inhumations. Individual burials are predominant. Age affiliation was detected in 11 cases (more than 40 %). Only two age groups of the deceased are represented — ranging from 15—20 to 35 years. The grave goods include various types of weapons (mainly arrows and spears), horse bridles, various de­corations, including precious metals and semiprecious stones, mirrors, tools, sets of various tableware etc. These sets, on the one hand, seem to be common for the Amazons of European Scythia, and on the other hand, they have specific regional features. Kurgans with burials of armed women have a fairly broad date: from the second part — end of the 7th till the 4th—3rd centuries BC.

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