scholarly journals Absolute chronology of ceramics of the Lugovskoy type

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Andreev ◽  
Alexander Alekseevich Vybornov ◽  
Marianna Alekseevna Kulkova ◽  
Dmitriy Yurievich Khramov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Existence Time

The ceramics of the Lugovskoy type is represented by small straight-walled, weakly profiled or rounded canals with a flat or flat-concave bottom. The surface of the vessels is carefully smoothed, the external one is clogged. The fragments of ceramics have a visually dense molding material; the original plastic raw materials are silty clay, which sometimes contain an admixture of sand, shell or organic matter. The bulk of the vessels are ornamented only with horizontal bands of pits or pearls, sometimes along the neck of the vessels. The formation of the Lugovskoy type is associated with the interaction of the Elshanskaya and Lower Volga populations, while the Elshanskaya component was dominant. The existence of the Lugovskoy type dishes belongs to the end of the early Neolithic period of the forest-steppe Volga region and characterizes the second stage of the development of the Elshanskaya culture. The problem of the absolute chronology of the Lugovskoy ceramics hasnt been studied yet. As a rule, the dating obtained for vessels of this type were considered in the context of the general chronology of the Elshanskaya culture and did not receive an appropriate interpretation in special works. To fill this gap is the main task of this paper. During the analysis of a representative series of radiocarbon determinations, it was established that the existence time of the dishes of the Lugovskoy type can be determined within the end of the first - second quarter of the 6th millennium BC. At the same time, with an increase in the radiocarbon date bank, the expansion of the chronological framework for the development of the final stage of the early Neolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION ABOUT TWO CULTURAL-CHRONOLOGICAL GROUPS OF FLINT INVENTORY OF THE KRASNY GORODOK SITE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
K.M. Andreev ◽  
◽  
K.I. Borodulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Regular Shape ◽  
Late Mesolithic ◽  
Stable Shape

The Krasny Gorodok site, explored in the late 1980s, has long attracted the attention of specialists in the Neolithic. There archaeologists discovered a small but very interesting collection of ceramics. At the same time, the flint complex of the site raised several questions even at the stage of primary comprehension of the material, and researchers made assumptions about the presence of two cultural-chronological groups of flint materials in the complex of the site. In connection with the expansion of the source base on the Early Neolithic and Mesolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region, as well as the acquisition of a significant array of natural science data, it became necessary to verify the conclusions drawn by more than a quarter of a century ago. In particular, the question of the homogeneity of the flint collection of the site and the possibility of identifying an early admixture remains relevant. During the reanalysis of the flint collection of the Krasny Gorodok site, about 600 units of stone artifacts were examined. This complex was divided into two groups depending on the color and quality characteristics of the flint. The first group is represented by artifacts made of high-quality flint of gray color and its various shades. The second group includes artifacts made of low-grade colored flint, mainly brown and of various shades of brown, without a stable shape. The first group is characterized by a large orientation towards obtaining plates of a regular shape and their relatively high specific gravity (23%). In addition, this type of raw material was used to make all the angular cutters on the plates found at the site and, in general, most of the tools were made from plate blanks. The collection of tools made of colored flint is less indicative, however, one can state a lesser orientation towards obtaining plates from this type of raw material and, predominantly, their irregular shape, while few tools were made on flakes and chips. In our opinion, the marked differences between the first and second groups of stone products from the site are of a cultural and chronological nature. The first group of flint, in terms of raw materials, shape and technique of making tools and applying retouching on them, can be attributed to the era of the late Mesolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region. The second group, in terms of the nature of the raw materials and the morphology of tools, belongs to the Early Neolithic.

scholarly journals On the Origin of the Caspian Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vybornov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Stavitsky ◽  
Marianna Kulkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Azov Region ◽  
Cultural Genesis

Introduction. The territory of Lower Volga occupies a special place in studying the cultural genesis of Eastern Europe. Prominent cultures of the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age were formed there and played an important role in the formation of the Volga-Ural hearth of cultural genesis. Equally important is the problem of the origin of the Caspian culture, with which researchers associate the beginning of the spread of cattle breeding and the emergence of the first copper products in the Volga steppe. Methods and discussion. The researchers expressed quite similar views on this issue. The process of Caspian culture origin in the Lower Volga region was considered as autochthonous with the participation of northern components. The substrate basis was the Oryol culture, and the superstrate was the societies of the Volga region forest-steppe. The comprehensive analysis of Volga steppe materials allows offering an alternative view of the Caspian culture genesis. The appearance of several features (collar-like thickening, a combed stamp, the technique of increased spin, producing economy, the dominance of quartzite raw materials for the manufacture of tools, the technique of forced squeezing in the receipt of logs, the emergence of producing farming in the form of cattle breeding, etc.) is associated not with the northern foreststeppe and forest-steppe, but with western components. The comparative analysis of radiocarbon dates of the forest-steppe and steppe Volga, Northern Caspian Sea and Don area supports this version. The chronological priority is fixed for materials of the Don area and Azov region. It is in these areas that the leading features characteristic of the Caspian culture appeared earlier. Results. The earlier complexes of the Caspian culture were formed in the Northern Caspian about 5700 BC. Later its penetration into the Lower and forest-steppe Volga Basin was recorded.

scholarly journals Chronology Issues of the Neolithic Cultures in the Volga-Kama Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Vybornov ◽  
◽  
Marianna A. Kulkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Neolithic Cultures

In the article, the questions of the chronology of the Neolithic cultures in the Volga-Kama basin are discussed. This discussion is based on the significant series of radiocarbon dates obtained on the different organic materials in several last years. The dates were obtained as tradition scintillation technique, as well as AMS method. There was established the different age of cultural complexes on the same site and the time of transition from early to later Neolithic was determined in the Northern Cis-Caspian region. The beginning of the early Neolithic and the final of the later stage were clarified. The Neo-Eneolithic period in the Lower Volga region has been verified. The frameworks of the Early Neolithic and coexistence of Mesolithic and Neolithic societies in the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region were considered. The low border of the Neolithic period in the forest zone of the Middle Volga region was established. In the Cis-Kama region, the chronological frameworks of the Kamskaya culture were determined and the chronological ratio between complexes of unornamented, pricked and combed ornamented ceramics were explained.

scholarly journals STEPPE AND FOREST-STEPPE VOLGA REGIONS IN THE EARLY NEOLITHIC PERIOD: THE PROBLEM OF CONTACTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Viktorovich Viskalin
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
External Character ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Tripolye Culture

According to the radiocarbon chronology formation of the Neolithic communities acquainted with manufacturing baked clay pottery takes place in the Steppe and Forest-steppe Volga region in the early Atlantic period about 6000 BC. Weakly ornamented Yelshanka point-bottomed pottery borrowed from Transurals was developing in the Forest-steppe Volga region at this period. As for the Steppe Volga region, plain-bottomed richly ornamented Cairshak pottery influenced by the traditions of the Transcaucasus Neolithic centers was spreading. Establishing close contact between Steppe and Forest-steppe Volga regions population dates as far back as the last quarter of the 6 th millennium BC which caused extrinsic for the Asiatic region features of the Yelshanka pottery such as smoothed body rib, crown bulge, geometrized ornament of drawn lines and dimples forming triangles, punctured zigzags. In the early 5 th millennium BC latitudinal contacts tended to substitute longitudinal ones which is proved by differences having appeared between the Steppe and Forest-steppe Volga region pottery. Tradition of producing ribbed vessels with crown bulge continued in the steppe was lost in the forest-steppe. Distribution of the non-ornamented plain-bottomed pottery of the Lugovskoy type in the Middle-Volga area also confirms the fact of developing latitudinal contacts. There is no such pottery in the Steppe Volga region but it can be found in numerous cultures south of the Russian Plain. As the most ancient sets of such pottery were found in the Bugo-Dnestr culture so it could be supposed that its dispersion beyond the original territory happened under the eastward pressure of the Tripolye culture. External character of the non-ornamented plain-bottomed pottery of the Lugovskoy type is proved by its typological heterogeneity. Vessels with body rib and crown bulge are characteristic for some of the pottery sets with sporadic ones having dimple-pearly girdle (e.g. Ust-Tashelka). In other sets the number of vessels with dimple-pearly girdles is much bigger while there are much less vessels with body rib and crown bulge (e.g. Krasny Gorodok, Lugovoye III) which reflects the process of assimilating the new-comers by the descendants of the Yelshanka culture.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF LOWER AND MIDDLE VOLGA POPULATION INTERACTION IN NEOLITHIC AGE

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Konstantin Mihailovich Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Neolithic Age ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Population Interaction

The article analyses the problem of different Neolitization origins in specified regions. In early Neolithic Age the contacts had a small coverage. Wide-ranging penetration of Lower Volga pin- scratched pottery ornamentation tradition carriers into forest steppe refers to VI and V centuries BC. It was caused by natural and climatic reasons. Up to the late Neolithic Age the influence was one-way - from south to north.

scholarly journals THE VARIANT OF THE TRANSITIONTO THE ENEOLITHIC IN THE LOWER VOLGAREGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Выборнов ◽  
Н.C. Дога ◽  
М.А. Кулькова
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga

Территория Нижнего Поволжья имеет важное значение для изучения культурогенеза. Особенно это касается переходных периодов. Исследователи относят прикаспийскую культуру к позднему неолиту или раннему энеолиту. Сравнение количества памятников, мощности слоев, жилищ, числа находок на стоянках не свидетельствует в пользу их увеличения по сравнению с поздненеолитическими. Ни появившиеся признаки (воротничок, гребенчатый штамп, сырье для изготовления орудий и др.), ни даже наличие элементов производящего хозяйства у носителей прикаспийской культуры не служат периодизационным критерием. Ведущим признаком перехода от неолита к энеолиту должны быть изменения в технологии изготовления орудий труда. Это прослеживается в появлении техники усиленного отжима. Учитывая отсутствие признаков металлообработки, прикаспийскую культуру следует относить к переходу от неолита к энеолиту. The area of the Lower Volga region is crucial for the studies of culturogenesis, especially, the transition periods. Scholars refer the Caspian culture to the Late Neolithic or the Early Eneolithic. The comparison of these two periods demonstrates that in the Early Eneolithic the number of sites, thickness of layers, dwellings, number of finds at the sites did not increase. There are a number of attributes (a collared rim, combed stamp, raw materials for manufacturing tools, etc.), but they are not technology-based. Presence of elements of producing economy in the area inhabited by representatives of the Caspian culture population is not used as a periodization criterion. Changes in the technology of manufacturing tools and implements must be used as the main evidence of the transition from the Neolithic to the Eneolithic. This transition manifests itself in the emergence of high pressure technology. Considering a lack of metalworking evidence, the Caspian culture should be referred to the period of transition from the Neolithic to the Eneolithic.

scholarly journals Complexes with Flat-Bottomed Ceramics in the Neolithic from the Don to the Irtysh: A Chronological Aspect

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Vadim S. Mosin
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Points Of View

Purpose. The aim of the work is to analyze the chronology of Neolithic complexes containing flat-bottomed ceramics in the European part of Russia and the Ural-Siberian region, as well as an attempt to highlight patterns in the development of Neolithic Ural-Siberian cultural traditions amidst complexes with flat-bottomed ceramics of the Volga region. Results. Researches of Baraba culture of the early Neolithic of Western Siberia: Tartas-1, Ust-Tartas-1, Vengerovo-2, with radiocarbon dates 8th – 7th thousand BC made it possible to re-address the problem of complexes with flat-bottomed ceramics, especially in the Trans-Ural region and Western Siberia and, perhaps, to reconsider some established points of view. One of the first centers of the autochthonous origin of the Neolithic at the end of VIII – beginning of VII millennium BC is the Baraba cultural tradition of the West Siberian forest-steppe. Also, the autochthonous center for the origin of the Neolithic was the territory of the Northern Caspian region and the Lower Volga region in the first half of the 7th millennium BC. In the middle of the 7th millennium BC in the Volga-Urals region, due to direct migration of the population from the territory of the Aral-Caspian, an Elshan cultural tradition appears. In the second half of the 7th millennium BC the Neolithic of the Trans-Urals is being formed. Technology of Koshkino and Kozlovo cultural pottery traditions was most likely borrowed from the population of the Aral-Caspian, relations with which have been established since the Mesolithic. Conclusion. The obtained results give grounds to identify several centers of origin of the Neolithic in the territories of European Russia, the Urals and Western Siberia with flat-bottomed ceramics at the end of 8th – first half of 7th millennium BC and round-bottom ceramics in the middle of the 7th millennium BC. The oldest among them are sites of the Baraba forest-steppe.

scholarly journals ПЕРВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ ПО РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНОЙ ХРОНОЛОГИИ МЕЗОЛИТА ЛЕСОСТЕПНОГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Andreev ◽  
◽  
O. Andreeva ◽  
M. Kulkova ◽  
M. Oinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Mesolithic Period

The article analyzes the recent absolute dates of the Mesolithic forest-steppe Volga region, gives their interpretation. The Mesolithic period, according to the latest radiocarbon data, originates in the forest-steppe Volga region no later than the middle of the 9th millennium BC. and exists until the middle of the 7th millennium BC, while at the final stage, apparently, the Mesolithic inhabitants coexist with the early Neolithic alien population.

scholarly journals Periodization and chronology of Caspian culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Natalia Sergeevna Doga
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of

For a long time the issues of periodization and chronology of the Caspian culture remained controversial. Some researchers attributed the culture to the Neolithic period, while others - to the Eneolithic. The paper presents all the available views on the periodization of the Caspian culture. Its brief characteristic is given. The paper also considers criteria for the allocation of the Eneolithic era and provides arguments in favor of the Eneolithic nature of the Caspian culture. The author substantiates the fact that the producing economy of the Neolithic population was absent in the region while it was present in the Caspian culture. The following factors say that the culture belonged to the era of the Eneolithic: changes in the technique of processing stone tools, ornamentation of dishes; the presence of pets. The author considers the concept of the neo-Eneolithic period existence in the Lower Volga region and the possibility of attributing the Caspian culture to it. The author analyzes researchers point of view on the chronological relationship of the Caspian and the Khvalyn cultures; the conclusion is made about the chronological priority of the Caspian culture over the Khvalyn culture. All available radiocarbon values on materials of culture are presented and the author concludes that the Caspian culture represents an early stage of the Eneolithic of the Lower Volga region.

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